生物炭对林地土壤团聚体稳定性与肥料氮分布的影响

张伟婷; 郭宇轩; 魏圆慧; 贾广昊; 毛艳玲

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2024.03.012

生物炭对林地土壤团聚体稳定性与肥料氮分布的影响

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2024.03.012

张伟婷^{1, 2,},
郭宇轩^{1, 2},
魏圆慧^{1, 2},
贾广昊^{1, 2},
毛艳玲^{1, 2, 3, ,}

1.
福建农林大学资源与环境学院，福建　福州　350002
2.
土壤生态系统健康与调控福建省高校重点实验室，福建　福州　350002
3.
自然生物资源保育利用福建省高校工程研究中心，福建　福州　350002

基金项目: 福建省财政厅项目（闽财指〔2022〕639号）；中央财政林业科技推广示范项目（闽〔2023〕TG25号）；福建农林大学科技创新专项基金项目（KFB23119A）

详细信息

作者简介:
张伟婷（2000 —），女，硕士研究生，主要从事土壤碳氮循环研究，E-mail：weitingz00@163.com

通讯作者:
毛艳玲（1970 —），女，博士，教授，主要从事土壤碳氮循环研究，E-mail：fafum@126.com

中图分类号: S156.6
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-12-19
- 修回日期: 2024-02-18
- 网络出版日期: 2024-04-03
- 刊出日期: 2024-03-28

Effect of Biochar Application on Aggregate Stability and Nitrogen Fertilizer Distribution of Forestland Soil

ZHANG Weiting^{1, 2
,},
GUO Yuxuan^{1, 2},
WEI Yuanhui^{1, 2},
JIA Guanghao^{1, 2},
MAO Yanling^{1, 2, 3
, ,}

1.
College of Resource and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian　350002, China
2.
University Key Lab of Soil Ecosystem Health and Regulation, Fuzhou, Fujian　350002, China
3.
Fujian Colleges and Universities Engineering Research Institute of Conservation & Utilization of Natural Bioresources, Fuzhou, Fujian　350002, China

摘要

摘要: 目的林地土壤抗侵蚀能力、渗透性及保水性与土壤团聚体结构稳定性紧密相关，氮素的固持与分布直接影响林下植被生长与林地土壤团聚体形成。研究生物炭添加对林地土壤结构稳定性与残留氮素分配的影响，可为增强林地土壤团聚体稳定性、提高土壤氮素固持水平提供参考。方法利用福建省林地土壤进行盆栽试验（1 年），设置4 个处理：对照（CK）、化肥（F）、木炭+化肥（MC）、秸秆炭+化肥（JC），除CK外，化肥及生物炭处理均每盆施用尿素1 g、过磷酸钙2.19 g、氯化钾0.44 g，追肥¹⁵N-尿素，共追施5 g，生物炭施用量为每盆140 g。测定不同处理土壤团聚体组成、团聚体稳定性指标、团聚体氮素含量与分布，结合¹⁵N示踪技术分析肥料氮在土壤团聚体内的残留特点，揭示生物炭对林地土壤团聚体稳定性与氮素分配的影响。结果（1）与F处理相比，MC与JC处理显著提高了土壤大团聚体含量，其中＞2 mm土壤团聚体增幅最大，分别增长了108.92%与119.11%；（2）施用生物炭增强了土壤团聚体稳定性，MC与JC处理平均重量直径（MWD）、几何平均直径（GMD）及＞0.25 mm大团聚体含量（R_＞0.25 _mm）较F处理均显著提升，分形维数值（D）显著下降，JC处理土壤团聚体稳定性优于MC处理；（3）施用生物炭提高了不同粒径土壤团聚体中全氮含量，MC处理土壤全氮总量高于JC处理，二者的＞2 mm团聚体氮素贡献率较F处理分别显著增加了38.09%与69.10%；（4）施用生物炭使＞0.25～2 mm粒级团聚体δ¹⁵N富集，MC与JC处理土壤肥料氮残留量以＞0.25 mm粒级最多，较F处理显著增加了2.25 倍与3.89 倍，土壤大团聚体中氮肥残留量与团聚体稳定性呈显著正相关。结论施用生物炭有利于增强林地土壤团聚体稳定性，减少土壤氮素与肥料淋失，肥料氮在大团聚体中的固持高于微团聚体，秸秆炭对土壤团聚体稳定性提升效果更显著，木炭施用更有利于土壤氮素含量增加。
- 生物炭 /
- 团聚体稳定性 /
- 氮肥利用 /
- ¹⁵N标记 /
- 林地土壤结构
Abstract: Objective Effects of biochar addition on the soil aggregates were analyzed for controlling erosion, maintaining permeability, and retaining water and nitrogen fertilizer on forestland. Method In a one-year pot experiment, soil sample from a forestland in Fujian was used in treatments applying either no extra materials as control (CK), a chemical fertilizer (F), wood biochar along with a chemical fertilizer (MC), or straw biochar with a chemical fertilizer (JC). The chemical fertilizer contained 1 g of urea, 2.19 g of superphosphate, and 0.44 g potassium chloride. Biochar was added at 140 g per pot. Nitrogen fertilizer distribution in soil was visualized by analytical data, and a topdressing of 5 g ¹⁵N-urea included to trace nitrogen movements. Soil aggregation and aggregate stability were monitored. Results (1) The content of macroaggregates in soil was significantly raised by MC or JC over F with the greatest effect on the aggregates larger than 2 mm—a 108.92 % increase by MC and 119.11 % by JC. (2) In comparison to F, the presence of biochar under MC and JC stabilized the aggregation structure with significantly higher indexes on MWD, GMD, and R_{＞0.25 mm} and lower D. Between the MC and JC treatments, the latter was superior to the former. (3) The biochar addition also heightened the total nitrogen content in soil aggregates of different sizes. The MC-treated soil had a higher content than the JC counterpart. The nitrogen contribution rate by larger-than-2 mm aggregates was significantly 38.09% more under MC and 69.10 % under JC than F. (4) When biochar was added, more δ¹⁵N was detected in the ＞0.25–2 mm aggregates. MC resulted in 2.25-fold, and JC 3.89-fold, of that of F. The nitrogen retention in large aggregates significantly correlated with the aggregate stability of soil. Conclusion Application of biochar not only enhanced the stability of aggregates but also reduced nitrogen loss in soil at forestland. Nitrogen fertilizer was retained more effectively in macro- than micro-aggregates in soil. The straw biochar appeared to improve more on aggregate stability, while wood biochar more so on nitrogen retention.
- biochar /
- aggregate stability /
- nitrogen fertilizer utilization /
- ¹⁵N marker /
- forestland soil structure

HTML全文

图 1 生物炭对土壤团聚体全氮含量的影响

同一粒径土壤团聚体不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著（P＜0.05）。下同。

Figure 1. Effect of biochar addition on total nitrogen content in soil aggregates

Data on same particle size with different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different treatments at P＜0.05. Same for below.

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图 2 生物炭对土壤团聚体全氮相对贡献率的影响

Figure 2. Effect of biochar addition on relative contribution rate of total nitrogen in soil by aggregates

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图 3 生物炭对土壤团聚体δ¹⁵N含量的影响

Figure 3. Effect of biochar addition on δ¹⁵N in soil aggregates

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图 4 生物炭对土壤团聚体中肥料氮残留量的影响

Figure 4. Effect of biochar addition on nitrogen retention of soil aggregates

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图 5 生物炭对土壤团聚体残留氮肥相对贡献率的影响

Figure 5. Effect of biochar addition on relative contribution rate of soil nitrogen retention by aggregates

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 土壤团聚体稳定性与肥料氮残留量RDA分析

Figure 6. RDA on aggregate stability and nitrogen retention of soil

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表 1 不同处理肥料施用量

Table 1. Fertilizer applications for various treatments

处理 Treatment	每盆土壤肥料投入量 Fertilizer input per pot of soil/g
	追肥 After manuring	基肥 Base fertilizer
	¹⁵N-尿素 ¹⁵N（10.10%）	尿素 N（46%）	过磷酸钙 P₂O₅ （12%）	氯化钾 KCl（60%）	木炭 Wood biochar	秸秆炭 Straw biochar
对照CK	0	0	0	0	0	0
化肥F	5	1	2.19	0.44	0	0
木炭+化肥MC	5	1	2.19	0.44	140	0
水稻秸秆炭+化肥JC	5	1	2.19	0.44	0	140

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表 2 生物炭对土壤各粒级团聚体分布的影响

Table 2. Effect of biochar addition on soil aggregate distribution

处理 Treatment	不同粒级土壤团聚体含量 Soil aggregate content/%
处理 Treatment	＞2 mm	＞0.25～2 mm	＞0.053～0.25 mm	≤0.053 mm
CK	1.30±0.47c	51.64±0.91c	12.45±0.68a	34.61±1.15a
F	3.14±0.73b	53.22±0.51c	11.25±0.27ab	32.39±0.75a
MC	6.56±0.66a	57.49±0.48b	10.46±0.75b	25.49±0.66b
JC	6.88±0.39a	60.77±0.33a	10.11±1.27b	22.24±1.22c
表中数值为平均值±标准差。同列数据后不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著（P＜0.05）。下同。 Data are mean±SD; those with different lowercase letters on same column indicate significant differences at P＜0.05. Same for below.

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表 3 生物炭对土壤团聚体稳定性的影响

Table 3. Effect of biochar addition on soil aggregate stability

处理 Treatment	平均重量直径 MWD/mm	几何平均直径 GMD/mm	＞0.25 mm大团聚体含量 R_{＞0.25 mm}/%	分形维数 D
CK	0.69±0.04c	0.24±0.01c	52.94±0.45d	2.78±0.03a
F	0.81±0.05b	0.28±0.04c	56.36±0.22c	2.77±0.05a
MC	1.06±0.05a	0.39±0.01b	64.05±1.14b	2.72±0.16b
JC	1.12±0.03a	0.45±0.02a	67.65±0.72a	2.69±0.23b

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