景天科多肉植物品种资源评价体系构建及应用

陈艺荃; 罗远华; 吴建设; 林兵; 叶秀仙

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2024.03.009

景天科多肉植物品种资源评价体系构建及应用

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2024.03.009

福建省农业科学院作物研究所/福建省种质资源中心/福建省特色花卉工程技术研究中心，福建福州　350013

基金项目: 福建省农业高质量发展超越“5511”协同创新工程项目（XTCXGC2021016）；福建省农业科学院科技创新团队建设项目（CXTD2021010-2）；福建省科技计划公益类专项（2018R1014-7）

详细信息

作者简介:
陈艺荃（1989 —），女，硕士，助理研究员，主要从事观赏植物种质资源评价研究，E-mail：yiquanchen1107@sina.com

通讯作者:
林兵（1973 —），男，副研究员，主要从事观赏植物引种与栽培研究，E-mail：lb87572540@163.com

叶秀仙（1977−），女，副研究员，主要从事花卉育种与组织培养研究，E-mail：yxx7861@163.com

中图分类号: S682.33
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-11-27
- 修回日期: 2024-01-10
- 网络出版日期: 2024-03-28
- 刊出日期: 2024-03-28

Construction and Application of Evaluation System for Crassulaceae Germplasms

Fujian Engineering Research Center for Characteristic Floriculture, Institute of Crop Sciences/Fujian Germplasm Resources Center/Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian　350013, China

摘要

摘要: 目的构建景天科多肉植物品种资源综合评价体系，筛选适宜福建省栽培的多肉植物品种，为多肉植物科学引种和推广栽培提供科学依据。方法基于48个多肉植物品种的园艺性状，采用AHP层次分析法和K-Means聚类分析法，从观赏特性、适应性、潜在应用价值等3个层面构建综合评价体系，并进行品种等级划分。结果共确定14个影响多肉植物品种综合评价的关键指标，其中叶色、叶肉质化程度、越夏适应性、形姿和花期等5个因子权重占总排序的61.2%，是多肉综合价值评判的关键因素。K-Means聚类分析将48个品种划分为优、良、中等和一般4个等级，其中乌木、紫乐、阿尔巴佳人、奥普琳娜、丸叶红司、蓝苹果和碧桃等7个品种处于Ⅰ级优秀，爱星等14个品种处于Ⅱ级良好，优良品种占全部品种的43.75%，可重点繁育和推广栽培。结论应用AHP层次分析法和K-Means聚类分析法构建的品种资源评价体系可对景天科多肉植物品种进行有效综合评价，从而筛选出观赏特性与适应性兼具的品种。评价结果与试验地观测效果基本一致，该评价体系可为多肉植物科学引种和推广应用提供参考。
- 景天科多肉植物 /
- AHP层次分析 /
- 综合评价 /
- 筛选
Abstract: Objective A method to effectively evaluate the quality of Crassulaceae germplasms in Fujian was established. Method Based on horticultural traits, ornamental property, weather adaptability, and potential applications, 48 varieties of succulent plants in the germplasm collection in Fujian were classified by means of the analytic hierarchy process (AHP)and K-Means clustering. Result The AHP analysis selected 14 morphological traits, including leaf color, mesophyll texture development, adaptability to summer conditions, plant appearance, and flowering period, which contributed a weight of 61.2% of the total ranking score, to be the key evaluation criteria. The K-Means clustering graded 7 cultivars of the 48 germplasms, Echeveri agavoides 'Ebony', Graptopetalum 'Purple Delight', Echeveria 'Alba Beauty', Graptoveria 'Opalina', Echeveria nodulosa 'Maruba', Echeveria 'Blue Elf', and Echeveria 'Peach Pride', as excellent, while 14 including Crassula rupestris F. as good and the remainders, average. Conclusion The classification on quality of Crassulaceae germplasms applied AHP and K-Means clustering basically agreed with the field observations in choosing the two top-grade groups that accounted for 43.75% of the 48 succulent plants to be the candidates for breeding and promotion.
- Crassulaceae plants /
- analytic hierarchy process /
- comprehensive evaluation /
- screening

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图 1 景天科多肉植物温室栽培

A：多肉植物资源圃； B：代表性彩叶品种，B1～B4分别为火祭、红宝石、水蜜桃和奥普琳娜；C：代表性肉质叶品种，C1～C4分别为福娘、格林、桃美人和婴儿手指；D：代表性形姿奇特品种，D1～D4分别为山地玫瑰、柳叶莲华、万圣节法师和酥皮鸭。

Figure 1. Greenhouse cultivated Crassulaceae plants

A：Succulent plants garden; B：representative varieties with colored leaves B1-4: Crassula capitella 'Campfire', Sedeveria 'Pink Rubby', Echeveria chihuahuaensis 'Poelln', and Graptoveria 'Opalina', respectively; C：representative varieties with fleshy leaves C1-4: Cotyledon orbiculata 'Dinteri', x Graptoveria 'A Grim One', Pachyphytum 'Blue Haze', and Pachyphytum rzedowskii 'García', respectively; D：representative varieties with unique shapes and postures D1-4: Aeonium 'Greenovia', xSedeveria 'Hummellii', Aeonium 'Halloween', and Echeveria 'Supia', respectively.

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图 2 评价等级优良的21个景天科多肉品种

Figure 2. Twenty-one Crassulaceae varieties of excellent grade as rated by K-Means clustering

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表 1 景天科多肉植物品种资源

Table 1. Crassulaceae germplasms

编号 Code	品种 Variety	属名 Generic name	编号 Code	品种 Variety	属名 Generic name
1	蓝苹果 Echeveria 'Blue Elf'	拟石莲花属 Echeveria DC.	25	东云 Echeveria agavoides 'Lemaire'	拟石莲花属 Echeveria DC.
2	丸叶松绿 Sedum lucidum 'Obesum'	景天属 Sedum L.	26	丸叶红司 Echeveria nodulosa 'Maruba'	拟石莲花属 Echeveria DC.
3	筒叶花月 Crassula oblique 'Gollum'	青锁龙属 Crassula L.	27	水蜜桃 Echeveria chihuahuaensis 'Poelln'	拟石莲花属 Echeveria DC.
4	火祭 Crassula capitella 'Campfire'	青锁龙属 Crassula L.	28	劳尔 Sedum clavatum 'Loire'	景天属 Sedum L.
5	蒂亚 xSedeveria 'Letizia'	景天和拟石莲花属杂交 xSedeveria	29	紫乐 Graptopetalum 'Purple Delight'	风车草属 Graptopetalum Rose
6	奥普琳娜 Graptoveria 'Opalina'	风车草属 Graptopetalum Rose	30	达摩宝珠 Sedum dendroideum M.	景天属 Sedum L.
7	塔洛克 Sedum 'Joyce Tulloch'	景天属 Sedum L.	31	万圣节法师 Aeonium 'Halloween'	莲花掌属 Aeonium Webb & Berthel.
8	乌木 Echeveri agavoides 'Ebony'	拟石莲花属 Echeveria DC.	32	白美人 Pachyphytum bracteosum	厚叶草属 Pachyphytum Link
9	星乙女 Crassula perforata T.	青锁龙属 Crassula L.	33	红钻 Sempervivum tectorum L.	莲花掌属 Aeonium Webb & Berthel.
10	红稚莲 Echeveria 'Minibelle'	拟石莲花属 Echeveria DC.	34	漫画汤姆 Sedum 'Comic Tom'	景天属 Sedum L.
11	红宝石 Echeveria 'Pink Rubby'	景天和拟石莲花属杂交 xSedeveria	35	虹之玉 Sedum x rubrotinctum 'Clausen'	景天属 Sedum L.
12	爱星 Crassula rupestris F.	青锁龙属 Crassula L.	36	子持白莲 Echeveria prolifica 'Meyrán'	拟石莲花属 Echeveria DC.
13	唐印 Kalanchoe thyrsifolia	伽蓝菜属 Kalanchoe Adans.	37	雪兔 Echeveria 'Snow Bunny'	拟石莲花属 Echeveria DC.
14	黑爪 Echeveria cuspidata 'Zaragozae Kimnach'	拟石莲花属 Echeveria DC.	38	柳叶莲华 xSedeveria 'Hummellii'	景天和拟石莲花属杂交 xSedeveria
15	碧桃 Echeveria 'Peach Pride'	拟石莲花属 Echeveria DC.	39	绮罗 Echeveria 'Luella'	拟石莲花属 Echeveria DC.
16	酥皮鸭 Echeveria 'Supia'	拟石莲花属 Echeveria DC.	40	婴儿手指 Pachyphytum rzedowskii 'García'	厚叶草属 Pachyphytum Link
17	沙漠之星 Echeveria shaviana 'Truffles'	拟石莲花属 Echeveria DC.	41	乒乓福娘 Cotyledon orbiculata 'Oophylla'	银波锦属 Cotyledon Tourn. ex L.
18	锦晃星 Echeveria pulvinata 'Rose'	拟石莲花属 Echeveria DC.	42	厚叶月影 Echeveria elegans 'kesselringiana'	拟石莲花属 Echeveria DC.
19	春萌 Sedum 'Alice Evans'	景天属 Sedum L.	43	静夜 Echeveria derenbergii 'Purpus'	拟石莲花属 Echeveria DC.
20	露娜莲 Echeveria 'Lola'	拟石莲花属 Echeveria DC.	44	铭月 Sedum adolphi H.	景天属 Sedum L.
21	桃美人 Pachyphytum 'Blue Haze'	厚叶草属 Pachyphytum Link	45	菲欧娜 Echeveria 'Fiona'	拟石莲花属 Echeveria DC.
22	祗园之舞 Echeveria shaviana 'Pink Frills'	拟石莲花属 Echeveria DC.	46	格林 x Graptoveria 'A Grim One'	风车草属 Graptopetalum Rose
23	阿尔巴佳人 Echeveria 'Alba Beauty'	拟石莲花属 Echeveria DC.	47	山地玫瑰 Aeonium 'Greenovia'	莲花掌属 Aeonium Webb & Berthel.
24	墨西哥雪球 Echeveria 'Mexican Snowball'	拟石莲花属 Echeveria DC.	48	冰莓 Echeveria 'Rasberry ice'	拟石莲花属 Echeveria DC.

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表 2 景天科多肉植物品种综合评价结构体系

Table 2. Comprehensive evaluation on Crassulaceae cultivars

目标层（Z） Target layer（Z）	约束层（C） Constraint layer（C）	标准层（P） Standard layer（P）	最底层（D） Bottom layer（D）
景天科多肉植物品种综合评价 Comprehensive evaluation of Crassulaceae plant varieties	观赏特性（C1) Ornamental characteristics	叶色（P1） Leaf color	待评价的多肉品种资源集合 Collection of Crassulaceae plant varieties resources to be evaluated
		叶肉质化程度（P2） The succulent level of leaves
		形姿（P3） Shape and posture
		花期（P4） Florescence
		花密度（P5） Flower density
		花色（P6） Flower color
	适应性（C2） Adaptability	越夏适应性（P7）Summer adaptability
		越冬适应性（P8） Overwintering adaptability
		耐旱性（P9） Drought resistance
		耐涝性（P10） Waterlogging resistance
		抗病害能力（P11） Disease resistance
		生长势（P12） Growth potential
	潜在应用价值（C3) Potential application value	栽培管理难易程度（P13） Difficulty of cultivation and management
	潜在应用价值（C3) Potential application value	香气（P14） Aroma

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表 3 景天科多肉植物各评价因子的评分标准

Table 3. Standards for scoring on evaluation criteria of Crassulaceae cultivars

因子 Factor	评价分值 Evaluation score
因子 Factor	4	3	2	1
叶色(P1） Leaf color	彩叶（叶色＞3种），叶缘红边明显 Colorful leaves (leaf color ＞ 3 kinds), with obvious red edges	彩叶（叶色＞2种），叶缘红边较明显 Colorful leaves (leaf color ＞ 2 kinds), with obvious red edges	彩叶（叶色1～2种），无明显红边 Colorful leaves (1 ～ 2 kinds of leaf colors), without obvious red edge	叶色较淡，纯色，无红边 Light and solid leaves，without red edge
叶肉质化程度(P2） The succulent level of leaves	肥厚、肉质 Plump and fleshy	较肥厚 Less plump	中等 Medium	薄 Thin
形姿(P3) Shape and posture	奇特、优美、紧凑 Peculiar, beautiful and compact	优美、较紧凑 Beautiful and compact	一般 Average	松散 Loose
花期(P4) Florescence	＞150	120～150	90～120	＜90
花密度（P5） Flower density	极繁密 Extremely dense	繁密 Dense	中密 Medium dense	稀疏 Sparse
花色（P6） Flower color	花色＞3种，浓艳、独特 More than 3 colors, colorful and unique	花色＞2种，较艳 More than 2 colors, colorful	纯色，花色较淡 Solid and light color	纯色，花色淡，无光泽 Solid，light and dull color
越夏适应性（P7) Summer adaptability	无热害，存活率＞85% No heat damage and survival rate＞85%	10%～30% 热害，存活率为75%～85% 10%～30% heat damage and survival rate is 75% to 85%	30%～50% 受热害，存活率为60%～75% 30%～50% heat damage and survival rate is 60% to 75%	＞50% 受热害，存活率＜60% ＞50% heat damage and survival rate＜60%
越冬适应性（P8） Overwintering adaptability	无寒害，存活率＞85% No cold damage and survival rate＞85%	10%～30% 寒害，存活率为75%～85% 10%～30% cold damage and survival rate is 75% to 85%	30%～50% 受寒害，存活率为60%～75% 30%～50% cold damage and survival rate is 60% to 75%	＞50% 受寒害，存活率＜60% ＞50% cold damage, and survival rate＜60%
耐旱性（P9) Drought resistance	强 Strong	较强 Strong	中等 Moderately	弱 Weak
耐涝性 (P10）Waterlogging resistance	强 Strong	较强 Strong	中等 Moderately	弱 Weak
抗病害能力（P11) Disease resistance	危害程度小于整株的15%The degree of harm is less than 15% of the entire plant	危害程度小于整株的30% The degree of harm is less than 30% of the entire plant	危害程度小于整株50% The degree of harm is less than 50% of the entire plant	危害程度大于整株 50%，死亡率＞50%The degree of harm is greater than 50% of the entire plant, and the mortality rate is greater than 50%
生长势(P12） Growth potential	新梢萌发能力强，生长速度快 Strong sprouting ability and fast growth rate of new shoots	新梢萌发能力较强，生长速度较快 Less strong sprouting ability and fast growth rate of new shoots	新梢萌发能力一般，生长速度中等 Sprouting ability of new shoots is average and moderate growth rate of new shoots	不能萌发新梢、生长缓慢 Unable to sprout new shoots and slow growth rate of new shoots
栽培管理难易程度（P13） Difficulty of cultivation and management	极易栽培 Very easy to cultivate	易栽培 Easy to cultivate	仅适合温室栽培 Only suitable for greenhouse cultivation	对栽培环境要求严苛，本土栽培困难 Cultivation environment is strict and local cultivation is difficult
香气（P14） Aroma	浓香、甜香 Strong and sweet fragrance	清香 Delicate fragrance	微香 Slightly fragrance	无香味 Fragrance free

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表 4 判断矩阵一致性检验及各层次综合赋权结果

Table 4. Consistency of matrix and ranking weight of indicators

层次体系 Hierarchical model	判断矩阵 Judgement matrix							权重W_i	总排序权重Q Total ranking	一致性检验 Consistency test
Z-C_i	Z	C₁	C₂	C₃
	C₁	1	2	5				0.5695
	C₂	1/2	1	4				0.3331		λmax=3.0246
	C₃	1/5	1/4	1				0.0974		CR=0.0212＜0.1
C₁-P_i	C₁	P₁	P₂	P₃	P₄	P₅	P₆
	P₁	1	1	2	2	3	4	0.2739	0.1560
	P₂	1	1	2	2	3	4	0.2739	0.1560
	P₃	1/2	1/2	1	1	2	3	0.1537	0.0876
	P₄	1/2	1/2	1	1	2	3	0.1537	0.0876
	P₅	1/3	1/3	1/2	1/2	1	2	0.0888	0.0505	λmax=6.0413
	P₆	1/4	1/4	1/3	1/3	1/2	1	0.0559	0.0318	CR=0.0067＜0.1
C₂-P_i	C₂	P₇	P₈	P₉	P₁₀	P₁₁	P₁₂
	P₇	1	2	3	4	4	5	0.3751	0.1249
	P₈	1/2	1	2	3	3	4	0.2436	0.0811
	P₉	1/3	1/2	1	2	2	3	0.1505	0.0501
	P₁₀	1/4	1/3	1/2	1	1	2	0.0886	0.0295
	P₁₁	1/4	1/3	1/2	1	1	2	0.0886	0.0295	λmax=6.0718
	P₁₂	1/5	1/4	1/3	1/2	1/2	1	0.0538	0.0179	CR=0.0116＜0.1
C₃-P_i	C₃	P₁₃	P₁₄
	P₁₃	1	2					0.6667	0.0649	λmax=2
	P₁₄	1/2	1					0.3333	0.0325	CR=0＜0.1

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表 5 景天科多肉综合评价及其评分等级

Table 5. Comprehensive evaluation and grades of Crassulaceae plants

编号 Code	品种 Variety	总分 Synthesis score	等级 Grade	编号 Code	品种 Variety	总分 Synthesis score	等级 Grade
1	蓝苹果 Echeveria 'Blue Elf'	3.12	Ⅰ	25	东云 Echeveria agavoides 'Lemaire'	2.82	Ⅱ
2	丸叶松绿 Sedum lucidum 'Obesum'	2.70	Ⅱ	26	丸叶红司 Echeveria nodulosa 'Maruba'	3.19	Ⅰ
3	筒叶花月 Crassula oblique 'Gollum'	2.44	Ⅲ	27	水蜜桃 Echeveria chihuahuaensis'Poelln'	2.58	Ⅲ
4	火祭 Crassula capitella 'Campfire'	2.57	Ⅲ	28	劳尔 Sedum clavatum 'Loire'	2.23	Ⅲ
5	蒂亚 xSedeveria 'Letizia'	2.83	Ⅱ	29	紫乐 Graptopetalum 'Purple Delight'	3.36	Ⅰ
6	奥普琳娜 Graptoveria 'Opalina'	3.21	Ⅰ	30	达摩宝珠 Sedum dendroideum M.	2.56	Ⅲ
7	塔洛克 Sedum 'Joyce Tulloch'	2.43	Ⅲ	31	万圣节法师 Aeonium 'Halloween'	2.52	Ⅲ
8	乌木 Echeveri agavoides 'Ebony'	3.57	Ⅰ	32	白美人 Pachyphytum bracteosum	2.99	Ⅱ
9	星乙女 Crassula perforata T.	2.52	Ⅲ	33	红钻 Sempervivum tectorum L.	2.18	Ⅲ
10	红稚莲 Echeveria 'Minibelle'	2.96	Ⅱ	34	漫画汤姆 Sedum 'Comic Tom'	2.71	Ⅱ
11	红宝石 Sedeveria 'Pink Rubby'	2.41	Ⅲ	35	虹之玉 Sedum x rubrotinctum 'Clausen'	1.33	Ⅳ
12	爱星Crassula rupestris F.	2.99	Ⅱ	36	子持白莲Echeveria prolifica 'Meyrán'	1.79	Ⅳ
13	唐印 Kalanchoe thyrsifolia	2.72	Ⅱ	37	雪兔 Echeveria 'Snow Bunny'	1.78	Ⅳ
14	黑爪 Echeveria cuspidata 'Zaragozae Kimnach'	2.93	Ⅱ	38	柳叶莲华 xSedeveria 'Hummellii'	1.65	Ⅳ
15	碧桃 Echeveria 'Peach Pride'	3.11	Ⅰ	39	绮罗 Echeveria 'Luella'	1.50	Ⅳ
16	酥皮鸭 Echeveria 'Supia'	2.62	Ⅲ	40	婴儿手指 Pachyphytum rzedowskii 'García'	2.46	Ⅲ
17	沙漠之星 Echeveria shaviana 'Truffles'	2.84	Ⅱ	41	乒乓福娘 Cotyledon orbiculata 'Oophylla'	2.84	Ⅱ
18	锦晃星 Echeveria pulvinata 'Rose'	2.45	Ⅲ	42	厚叶月影 Echeveria elegans 'kesselringiana'	2.89	Ⅱ
19	春萌 Sedum 'Alice Evans'	2.90	Ⅱ	43	静夜 Echeveria derenbergii 'Purpus'	1.56	Ⅳ
20	露娜莲 Echeveria 'Lola'	2.49	Ⅲ	44	铭月Sedum adolphi H.	2.83	Ⅱ
21	桃美人 Pachyphytum 'Blue Haze'	2.56	Ⅲ	45	菲欧娜 Echeveria 'Fiona'	2.31	Ⅲ
22	祗园之舞 Echeveria shaviana 'Pink Frills'	2.09	Ⅲ	46	格林 x Graptoveria 'A Grim One'	2.42	Ⅲ
23	阿尔巴佳人 Echeveria 'Alba Beauty'	3.22	Ⅰ	47	山地玫瑰 Aeonium 'Greenovia'	1.54	Ⅳ
24	墨西哥雪球 Echeveria 'Mexican Snowball'	2.39	Ⅲ	48	冰莓 Echeveria 'Rasberry ice'	2.43	Ⅲ

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