生物质炭调控药用植物连作障碍的研究进展

高华; 涂昊泽; 赵钰湲; 孔雯; 夏文建; 王飞儿; MuhammadShaaban; 林杉

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2024.01.013

生物质炭调控药用植物连作障碍的研究进展

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2024.01.013

1.
华中农业大学资源与环境学院/农业农村部长江中下游耕地保育重点实验室，湖北　武汉　430070
2.
中国电建集团昆明勘测设计研究院有限公司，云南　昆明　650051
3.
江西省农业科学院土壤肥料与资源环境研究所，江西　南昌　330200
4.
河南科技大学农学院，河南　洛阳　471000

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目（2021YFD1901202）；云南省科技人才与平台计划（202205AF150004）；湖北省重点研发计划项目（2021BCA156）；湖北省烟草公司科技项目（027Y2022-022）

详细信息

作者简介:
高华（2000 —），女，硕士研究生，主要从事酸性土壤改良研究， E-mail：gaohua@webmail.hzau.edu.cn

通讯作者:
林杉（1981 —），男，博士，副教授，主要从事酸性土壤改良研究， E-mail：linshan@mail.hzau.edu.cn

中图分类号: R28
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- 文章访问数: 192
- HTML全文浏览量: 66
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-06-15
- 录用日期: 2023-12-05
- 修回日期: 2023-11-12
- 刊出日期: 2024-01-28

Research Progress on Biochar Application for Continuous Cropping of TCM Plants

1.
Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation in Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei　430070, China
2.
Kunming Engineering Corp., Ltd., China Power Group, Kunming, Yunnan　650051, China
3.
Soil Fertilizer and Resource Environment Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, Jiangxi　330200, China
4.
College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan　471000, China

摘要

摘要: 我国是中药材种植大国，但不合理的栽培方式和管理措施导致中药材连作障碍在种植区普遍存在，造成药材减产变质、道地产区转移、资源保护与利用不协调等，严重影响药用植物生长发育。因此对中药材连作土壤进行修复是解决中药材连作障碍的一个关键措施。生物质炭一般呈碱性，是一种良好的土壤改良剂，能够增加土壤养分、改良酸化土壤、提升植物品质，近年来得到广泛关注与应用，因此利用生物质炭作为调理剂来缓解中药材连作障碍具有一定潜力。本文针对我国中药材连作障碍的可能成因及潜在危害，分析生物质炭在解决药用植物连作造成的土壤理化性质改变、土壤微生物区系改变、化感自毒危害等问题上的作用，并对生物质炭在药用植物生产上的应用潜力进行展望。
- 连作障碍 /
- 药用植物 /
- 生物质炭 /
- 土壤理化性质 /
- 化感自毒作用
Abstract: As a major country in the world engaging in large-scale cultivation of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) plants, China is facing a serious challenge in growth of the industry. Due to malpractices and poor management, undesirable consequences such as productivity decline and quality deterioration, relocation of authentic origins, insufficient resource protection, and uncoordinated material utilization have surfaced. The causes of the ill-effects may not be all clearly identified, nonetheless, rampant continuous cropping is deemed as one of the most urgent targets for correction. A generally alkali material, biochar is commonly applied to amend the soil in question to improve fertility, reduce acidification, and promote growth of the plants cultivated on it. It has been used by farmers in recent years, and the measure could be implemented to mitigate the damaging effects induced by the TCM continuous cropping as well. This article reviewed the benefits of biochar application on soil, such as adjusting the physiochemical properties, microbial community, and allelopathic environment. Some practical treatments for improvements are presented.
- Ill-effects of continuous cropping /
- traditional Chinese medicine plants /
- biochar /
- soil physiochemical properties /
- allelopathic autotoxicity

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表 1 相同热解条件下不同生产原料所制备生物质炭的性质

Table 1. Properties of biochar made from different raw materials by same pyrolysis process

原料 Raw material	热解温度 Pyrolysis temperature/℃	热解停留时间 Pyrolysis time/h	pH	阳离子交换量 Cation exchange capacity/（cmol·kg⁻¹）	灰分 Ash/%	文献来源 Literature
小麦秸秆 Wheat straw	350	1	10.05	35.11	17.00	[70]
水稻秸秆 Rice straw			9.33	32.80	26.00
玉米秸秆 Corn straw			9.41	58.17	20.00
稻壳粉 Rice husk flour	450		9.07	73.17	26.26	[71]
花生壳 Peanut shell			8.72	91.94	29.98
牛粪 Cow dung			10.81	75.55	70.46
椰渣 Coconut residue			9.86	76.69	15.86
小麦秸秆 Wheat straw			10.08	33.60	28.00	[70]
水稻秸秆 Rice straw			10.13	27.10	29.00
玉米秸秆 Corn straw			9.92	43.33	23.00
小麦秸秆 Wheat straw	550		10.24	27.16	18.00	[70]
水稻秸秆 Rice straw			10.20	21.60	34.00
玉米秸秆 Corn straw			10.04	32.13	24.00
稻壳 Rice husk		0.5	8.1	—	51.2	[72]
玉米秸秆 Corn straw		0.5	10.13	—	—	[73]
水稻秸秆 Rice straw	500	3	10.30	—	28.46	[74]
油菜秸秆 Rapeseed straw	500	3	8.14	—	—	[74]
玉米秸秆 Corn straw	600	1	10.30	128.25	36.27	[75]
紫茎泽兰 Eupatorium adenophorum	600	1	9.82	96.22	43.54	[75]

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