福建农业现代化水平测度与发展对策研究

池敏青; 翁志辉; 于洪杰

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2023.12.013

福建农业现代化水平测度与发展对策研究

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2023.12.013

1.
福建省农业科学院农业经济与科技信息研究所，福建　福州　350003

基金项目: 福建省社会科学基金（FJ2021B146）；福建省科技计划公益类专项（2022R1033004）；福建省农业科学院引导性科技创新项目（YDXM2019004）；福建省乡村振兴智库项目（2023ZK-5）

详细信息

作者简介:
池敏青（1981 —），女，硕士，副研究员，主要从事农业信息分析、农业科技评价与政策创新研究，E-mail：774238686@qq.com

通讯作者:
翁志辉（1966 —），男，编审，主要从事农业科技发展战略与科技信息传播研究，E-mail：wzh2002@163.com

中图分类号: F327
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-08-27
- 修回日期: 2023-12-09
- 网络出版日期: 2024-02-23
- 刊出日期: 2023-12-28

Assessment and Strategy on Agricultural Modernization in Fujian

1.
Institute of Agricultural Scientific Information, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian　350003, China

摘要

摘要: 目的评价福建农业现代化发展水平和制约因素，提出推进农业现代化的实施路径和发展策略，为新发展阶段福建加快推进农业现代化和全面推进乡村振兴提供决策参考。方法运用综合指数法、层次分析法和目标值法，从产业、生产、经营三大体系和高效、绿色、支撑三大目标，构建6个一级指标和24个二级指标的农业现代化发展评价指标体系，测度“十三五”时期福建和全国农业现代化实现程度。结果 “十三五”期间，福建农业现代化平均综合得分为66.07分，高于全国平均水平（61.21分），已迈入转型跨越中期阶段（全国平均处于转型跨越初级阶段）；农业现代化水平呈现稳步上升趋势，年均增长2.18%（略低于全国2.64%的增长率）。分指标水平测度显示，产业体系和质量效益实现程度为78.38%和71.16%，分别比全国高26.07%和52.90%。生产体系、经营体系、绿色发展和支持保护实现程度分别为70.22%、46.53%、67.92%和41.02%，分别比全国低0.73%、11.33%、8.77%和38.43%。福建农业现代化发展优势主要体现在农业生产效率较高、农业产业结构较合理、农产品加工业较发达、资源集约化利用程度较高等方面；而土地规模化经营水平低、农业组织经营主体弱小、农产品安全还有待提高、财政金融支持力度有限等是主要制约因素。建议未来推进福建农业现代化均衡发展的重点方向是：加大高标准农田改造提升力度，提高特色经济作物种植能力，加强新型经营主体和社会化服务组织培育，强化绿色防控技术推广和完善农产品质量安全体系，提高财政支农力度和优化支农资金结构，提高农业保险补贴水平和扩大补贴范围。
- 农业现代化 /
- 发展水平测度 /
- 制约因素 /
- 福建省 /
- “十三五”时期
Abstract: Objective Means to evaluate the progress and strategies to overcome obstacles in modernizing Fujian agriculture were studied. Method The methods of comprehensive indexing, analytical hierarchy process (AHP), and target value were applied to establish an assessment system that could quantify the progress of the agricultural modernization taking place in China. Six first tier and 24 second tier indicators from the perspectives of industry, production, and management with the aims of being efficient, green, and supportive were employed in the evaluation system. Accordingly, the achievement levels realized by the province and the nation during the period of the 13^th Five-Year Plan were analyzed. Result The average scores on the modernization in the 5-year period were 66.07 for Fujian and 61.21 for the nation. The levels were in the medium transformation stage for the province and in the primary stage for the country. The province had a lower average annual growth rate of 2.18% than 2.64% of the nation. The sub-index on industry for the province was 78.38%, which was 26.07% higher than that for the nation; and that on realization of quality and benefit, 71.16%, which was 52.90% higher than that for the nation. The indices on production, management, green practices, and supportive roles for Fujian were 70.22%, 46.53%, 67.92%, and 41.02%, respectively, which were 0.73%, 11.33%, 8.77%, and 38.43%, respectively, below the national levels. High production efficiency, functional organization, advanced processing facilities, and intensive resource utilization helped the modernization in Fujian. On the other hand, the province faced shortcomings on the relative insufficiencies in large-scale land management, managerial body, product safety, and financial support. Suggestion To promote the balanced development of modern agriculture in Fujian in the future, following measures were recommended: (1) developing high-standard farmlands and well-managed cultivated lands, (2) promoting cultivation of specialty cash crops, (3) nurturing establishments of new business and social service organizations, (4) enhancing research and applications of green preventive and control technologies, (5) enforcing product safety, (6) increasing financial support with an efficient operating system, and (7) expanding insurance coverages and supplement to agriculture related operations.
- Agricultural modernization /
- development level /
- obstacles /
- Fujian Province /
- The 13^th Five-Year Plan Period

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图 1 “十三五”时期农业现代化水平综合得分

Figure 1. Overall scores on agricultural modernization in 13^th Five-Year Plan period

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图 2 “十三五”时期农业现代化一级指标实现程度

Figure 2. Achieved level on first tier modernization indicators in 13^th Five-Year Plan period

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图 3 “十三五”时期福建农业现代化不同体系指标分值变化

Figure 3. Scored indicators on systems in Fujian in 13^th Five-Year Plan period

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图 4 “十三五”时期福建农业现代化产业体系指标分值变化

Figure 4. Scored indicators on industries in Fujian in 13^th Five-Year Plan period

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图 5 “十三五”时期福建农业现代化生产体系指标分值变化

Figure 5. Scored indicators on production in Fujian in 13^th Five-Year Plan period

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图 6 “十三五”时期福建农业现代化经营体系指标分值变化

Figure 6. Scored indicators on management in Fujian in 13^th Five-Year Plan period

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图 7 “十三五”时期福建农业现代化质量效益指标分值变化

Figure 7. Scored indicators on quality and benefit in Fujian in 13^th Five-Year Plan period

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图 8 “十三五”时期福建农业现代化绿色发展指标分值变化

Figure 8. Scored indicators on green practices in Fujian in 13^th Five-Year Plan period

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图 9 “十三五”时期福建农业现代化支持保护指标分值变化

Figure 9. Scored indicators on protective and supportive roles in Fujian in 13^th Five-Year Plan period

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表 1 农业现代化发展水平评价指标体系

Table 1. Indexes for assessing agricultural modernization

一级指标 First level index	一级指标权重 First level index weight	二级指标 Secondary index	二级指标权重 Secondary index weight	基本实现目标值 Basically achieve the target value	全面实现目标值 Fully achieve the target value
产业体系 Industrial System	20	(1)粮食产量稳定度 Stability of grain output	5	80	100
		(2)养殖业产值占农业总产值比重 Aquaculture production value accounts for the proportion of total agricultural production value/%	5	45	60
		(3)农产品加工业与农业总产值之比 The ratio of agricultural product processing industry to total agricultural output value/%	6	3.5	4.5
		(4)农林牧渔服务业增加值占农林牧渔业增加值的比重 Proportion of added value in agriculture,forestry,animal husbandry and fishery services/%	4	4.8	8
生产体系 Manufacturing system	14	(5)农作物耕种收综合机械化率 Comprehensive mechanization rate of crop cultivation and harvest/%	5	75	90
		(6)农业科技进步贡献率 Contribution rate of progress in agricultural science and technology/%	6	65	75
		(7)农业信息化率 Rate of agricultural informatization/%	3	60	70
经营体系 Management system	17	(8)土地适度规模经营比重 Appropriate scale of land management ratio/%	5	45	55
		(9)畜禽养殖规模化水平 Livestock and poultry breeding scale level/%	5	70	80
		(10)水产养殖规模化率 Aquaculture scale rate/%	4	12	16
		(11)家庭农场和合作社覆盖率 Coverage of family farms and cooperatives/%	3	0.675	0.9
质量效益 Quality and benefit	22	(12)农业劳动生产率 Agricultural labor productivity/（元·人⁻¹）	5	50000	65000
		(13)农业土地产出率 Agricultural land production rate/（万元·hm⁻²）	6	6	8
		(14)农民人均可支配收入 Per capita disposable income of farmers/元	6	25000	40000
		(15)每万公顷优质农产品数量 Quantity of quality agricultural products per 10 000 hectares	3	24	32
		(16)农产品出口指数 Agricultural export index/%	2	10.5	14
绿色发展 Green development	22	(17)万元农业GDP耗水 Water consumption per 10 000 yuan of agricultural GDP/m³	6	500	450
		(18)万元农业GDP耗能 Agriculture consumes 10 000 yuan of GDP（吨标准煤）(ton standard coal)/t	5	0.1	0.08
		(19)农药施用强度 Pesticide application intensity/ (kg·hm⁻²)	4	8	6
		(20)化肥施用强度 Fertilizer intensity/（kg·hm⁻²）	4	300	225
		(21)农业废弃物利用率 Utilization rate of agricultural waste/%	3	80	90
支持保护 Support to protect	5	(22)农林水事务支出占农林牧渔业增加值的比重 Expenditure on agriculture,forestry and water conservancy accounts for the proportion of added value of agriculture,forestry,animal husbandry and fishery/%	2	30	40
		(23)单位农林牧渔业增加值的农业贷款投入 Agricultural loan input of unit added value of agriculture,forestry,animal husbandry and fishery/元	2	0.6	1
		(24)农业保险深度 Depth of occupation insurance/%	1	0.8	1.2
（17）万元农业GDP耗水、（18）万元农业GDP耗能、（19）农药施用强度、（20）化肥施用强度4个测算指标为负指标，其他测算指标均为正指标。（17）Water consumption per 10 000 yuan of agricultural GDP;（18）agriculture energy consumption in 10 000 yuan of GDP;（19）pesticide application intensity; (20) chemical fertilizer application, 4 as negative indicators and remainders positive.

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表 2 农业现代化和单项指标发展阶段划分

Table 2. Agricultural modernization and development stage classifications on individual indicators

总分分值范围（单项指标实现度） Total score range（single indicator realization degree%)	发展阶段 Developmental stage	总分分值范围（单项指标实现度） Total score range（single indicator realization degree%)	发展阶段 Developmental stage
＜60（＜60%）	发展起步阶段 Initial stage of development	60～＜75（60%～＜75%）	转型跨越阶段 Transition spanning stage
75～＜85（75%～＜85%）	基本实现阶段 Basic implementation phase	≥85（≥85%）	全面实现阶段 Comprehensive implementation stage

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表 3 “十三五”时期农业现代化二级指标实现程度

Table 3. Achieved level on second tier modernization indicators in 13^th Five-Year Plan period

测算指标 Evaluation-index	指标实现程度 Index realization degree/%		福建与全国比较（±）/ 百分点 Fujian vs. the Nation (±)/ percentage point
测算指标 Evaluation-index	福建 Fujian	全国 Nationwide	福建与全国比较（±）/ 百分点 Fujian vs. the Nation (±)/ percentage point
(9)畜禽养殖规模化水平 Livestock and poultry breeding scale level	113.55	70.52	43.03
(13)农业土地产出率 Agricultural land production rate	282.90	66.32	216.58
(17)万元农业GDP耗水 Water consumption per 10 000 yuan of agricultural GDP	128.63	84.81	43.82
(16)农产品出口指数 Agricultural export index	97.63	56.60	41.03
(12)农业劳动生产率 Agricultural labor productivity	92.56	54.92	37.63
(3)农产品加工业与农业总产值之比 The ratio of agricultural product processing industry to total agricultural output value	91.33	44.21	47.12
(21)农业废弃物利用率 Utilization rate of agricultural waste	87.33	94.29	−6.96
(1)粮食产量稳定度 Stability of grain output	86.82	92.47	−5.65
(18)万元农业GDP耗能 Agriculture consumes 10 000 yuan of GDP	83.98	62.72	21.26
(2)养殖业产值占农业总产值比重 Aquaculture production value accounts for the proportion of total agricultural production value	82.38	62.51	19.87
(6)农业科技进步贡献率 Contribution rate of progress in agricultural science and technology	80.00	77.79	2.21
(5)农作物耕种收综合机械化率 Comprehensive mechanization rate of crop cultivation and harvest	69.11	76.17	−7.06
(7)农业信息化率 Rate of agricultural informatization	52.49	47.54	4.94
(23)单位农林牧渔业增加值的农业贷款投入 Agricultural loan input of unit added value of agriculture,forestry,animal husbandry and fishery	50.30	56.22	−5.92
(14)农民人均可支配收入 Per capita disposable income of farmers	44.80	36.78	8.02
(4)农林牧渔服务业增加值占农林牧渔业增加值的比重 Proportion of added value in agriculture,forestry,animal husbandry and fishery services	43.41	50.82	−7.42
(22)农林水事务支出占农林牧渔业增加值的比重 Expenditure on agriculture,forestry and water conservancy accounts for the proportion of added value of agriculture,forestry,animal husbandry and fishery	43.07	75.55	−32.48
(20)化肥施用强度 Fertilizer intensity	33.01	66.71	−33.69
(11)家庭农场和合作社覆盖率 Coverage of family farms and cooperatives	32.31	43.52	−11.21
(10)水产养殖规模化率 Aquaculture scale rate	30.20	30.20	0
(19)农药施用强度 Pesticide application intensity	20.09	66.42	−46.33
(24)农业保险深度 Depth of occupation insurance	18.37	69.60	−51.23
(8)土地适度规模经营比重 Appropriate scale of land management ratio	14.67	57.64	−42.97
(15)每万公顷优质农产品数量 Quantity of quality agricultural products per 10,000 hectares	12.87	5.79	7.08

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表 4 “十三五”时期福建农业现代化二级指标优劣势项

Table 4. Advantages and disadvantages on second tier indicators for Fujian in 13^th Five-Year Plan period

一级指标 First level index	测算指标 Evaluation-index	指标实现程度 Index realization degree/%	优劣项 Quality item
产业体系 Industrial System	(3) 农产品加工业与农业总产值之比 The ratio of agricultural product processing industry to total agricultural output value	91.33	优势项
	(1) 粮食产量稳定度 Stability of grain output	86.82	优势项
	(2) 养殖业产值占农业总产值比重 Aquaculture production value accounts for the proportion of total agricultural production value	82.38	优势项
	(4) 农林牧渔服务业增加值占农林牧渔业增加值的比重 Proportion of added value in agriculture,forestry,animal husbandry and fishery services	43.41	劣势项
生产体系 Manufacturing system	(6) 农业科技进步贡献率 Contribution rate of progress in agricultural science and technology	80.00	优势项
	(5) 农作物耕种收综合机械化率 Comprehensive mechanization rate of crop cultivation and harvest	69.11	优势项
	(7) 农业信息化率 Rate of agricultural informatization	52.49	劣势项
经营体系 Management system	(9) 畜禽养殖规模化水平 Livestock and poultry breeding scale level	100.00	优势项
	(11) 家庭农场和合作社覆盖率 Coverage of family farms and cooperatives	32.31	劣势项
	(10) 水产养殖规模化率 Aquaculture scale rate	30.20	劣势项
	(8) 土地适度规模经营比重 Appropriate scale of land management ratio	14.67	劣势项
质量效益 Quality and benefit	(13) 农业土地产出率 Agricultural land production rate	100.00	优势项
	(16) 农产品出口指数 Agricultural export index	97.63	优势项
	(12) 农业劳动生产率 Agricultural labor productivity	92.56	优势项
	(14) 农民人均可支配收入 Per capita disposable income of farmers	44.80	劣势项
	(15) 每万公顷优质农产品数量 Quantity of quality agricultural products per 10,000 hectares	12.87	劣势项
绿色发展 Green development	(17) 万元农业GDP耗水 Water consumption per 10 000 yuan of agricultural GDP	100.00	优势项
	(21) 农业废弃物利用率 Utilization rate of agricultural waste	87.33	优势项
	(18) 万元农业GDP耗能 Agriculture consumes 10,000 yuan of GDP	83.98	优势项
	(20) 化肥施用强度 Fertilizer intensity	33.01	劣势项
	(19) 农药施用强度 Pesticide application intensity	20.09	劣势项
支持保护 Support to protect	(23) 单位农林牧渔业增加值的农业贷款投入 Agricultural loan input of unit added value of agriculture,forestry,animal husbandry and fishery	50.30	劣势项
	(22) 农林水事务支出占农林牧渔业增加值的比重 Expenditure on agriculture,forestry and water conservancy accounts for the proportion of added value of agriculture,forestry,animal husbandry and fishery	43.07	劣势项
	(24) 农业保险深度 Depth of occupation insurance	18.37	劣势项

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