Agronomic Inheritance of Distant Hybrids of Non-heading and Leafy Chinese Cabbages
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摘要:
目的 远缘杂交是提高不结球白菜产量、品质、抗逆性和实现种质创新的重要手段之一，南方夏季高温影响不结球白菜周年生产和市场供应，远缘杂交可以丰富不结球白菜的品种供应，拓宽其遗传背景。 方法 以3个不结球白菜亲本和3个苗用大白菜亲本分别进行远缘杂交，测定亲本和F1代的农艺性状，进行遗传倾向和相关性分析。 结果 在远缘杂交中单株重的遗传力最高，对后代的遗传效果最稳定；叶色值的变异系数最高，人工选择潜力最大；株高、株幅、叶长、叶柄长、叶柄宽、单株重的超中优势和超亲优势较高，在后代中具有杂种优势。 结论 筛选出D2和Q2的亲本组合可以用来选育农艺性状突出的不结球白菜品种，D3和Q3的亲本组合可以用来选育丰产的不结球白菜品种。 Abstract:Objective Distant hybridization between non-heading and leafy Chinese cabbages was applied to breed improved yield, quality, and resistance to high temperature variety. Method Three F1 hybrids were bred by the distant crossing method between 3 non-heading Chinese cabbage cultivars and 3 leafy Chinese cabbage varieties. Genetic inheritability on the agronomic characteristics of the hybrids were analyzed. Result Plant weight was shown to be the most stable agronomic property passed on in the hybridization. Whereas the easily distinguishable color of the leaves had the highest coefficient of variation among all indicators was the choice for hybrid screening. Significant heterosis of the hybrids over their parents or the average results was found on the height, width, and weight of a plant, the lengths of leaf and petiole, and the width of petiole. Conclusion The distant hybridization between D2 and Q2 bred non-heading Chinese cabbages with desirable agronomic characteristics, and that between D3 and Q3 rendered high yield varieties. -
表 1 亲本和F1代农艺性状比较
Table 1. Agronomic characteristics of parents and F1 hybrids
指标
Indicator株高
Plant height/cm株幅
Plant spread/cm叶色值
Leaf color index叶宽
Leaf width/cm叶长
Leaf length/cm叶柄长
Petiole length/cm叶柄宽
Petiole width/cm单株重
Weight per plant/gD1 20.56±1.46 e 33.76±3.98 b 12.14±1.22 c 15.56±1.62 d 24.56±1.42 e 5.00±1.10 d 2.74±0.34 bc 107.04±2.14 e Q1 15.32±1.09 f 25.38±1.36 c 3.41±0.65 d 17.92±0.67 bcd 9.68±1.85 f 5.82±0.36 cd 2.14±0.17 d 63.56±0.94 g D2 27.00±1.51 d 34.24±3.46 b 23.44±2.23 b 17.28±0.94 bcd 27.52±2.33 d 5.32±0.60 d 2.86±0.40bc 192.96±4.23 c Q2 14.84±0.78 f 24.84±2.43 c 5.43±0.36 d 18.78±1.69 abc 8.98±1.05 f 4.54±0.29 d 1.46±0.30e 23.94±1.30 h D3 41.52±1.55 a 40.88±4.43 a 42.25±4.76 a 17.06±0.90 bcd 33.84±0.93 c 12.00±1.07 a 2.38±0.33
cd126.34±2.20 d Q3 17.10±1.61 f 26.64±2.44 c 13.96±3.24 c 20.56±1.67 a 11.44±0.82 f 6.14±0.42 cd 2.12±0.15 d 68.36±1.30 f QD-1 25.96±1.18 d 40.18±3.09 a 6.08±0.86 d 16.12±1.30 cd 28.62±3.28 d 7.28±0.68 c 2.76±0.37 bc 194.72±2.51 c QD-2 29.60±2.41 c 40.36±0.70 a 4.84±0.59 d 19.32±1.27 ab 37.24±1.71 b 8.74±0.29 b 3.06±0.17 ab 226.64±1.69 a QD-3 37.78±1.97 b 40.06±3.95 a 5.74±0.64 d 17.94±2.00 bcd 42.42±3.11 a 11.28±2.36 a 3.36±0.43 a 206.10±1.83 b 最大值
Max43.80 45.30 45.30 22.60 44.70 12.60 3.90 229.10 最小值
Min15.10 21.20 2.33 13.30 7.60 4.10 1.10 62.30 F1 31.11 40.20 5.55 17.79 36.09 9.10 3.06 209.15 标准差
Standard deviation9.27 7.11 12.23 1.96 11.95 2.77 0.62 70.02 变异系数
Coefficient of variation/%29.81 17.68 220.20 11.01 33.10 30.49 20.20 33.48 遗传力
Heritability/%136.92 129.86 33.11 99.63 186.66 140.65 134.01 215.55 同列数据后不同小写字母表示各材料差异显著（P＜0.05）。下同。
Values marked with different lowercase letters in the column are significant difference materials (P＜0.05). The same below.
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表 2 F1代性状的杂种优势
Table 2. Heterosis of F1 hybrids
品种 Variety QD-1 QD-2 QD-3 株高 Plant height/cm H1 35.33 30.56 19.34 H2 44.70 41.49 28.90 株幅 Plant spread/cm H1 28.29 27.67 13.91 H2 35.88 36.63 18.66 叶色值 Leaf color index H1 −12.72 −37.88 −49.37 H2 −21.82 −66.47 −79.56 叶宽 Leaf width/cm H1 −3.35 6.00 −3.85 H2 −3.70 7.15 −4.63 叶长 Leaf length/cm H1 43.56 63.72 56.68 H2 67.17 104.05 87.37 叶柄长 Petiole length/cm H1 29.22 64.58 16.25 H2 34.57 77.28 24.37 叶柄宽 Petiole width/cm H1 10.32 27.27 38.28 H2 13.11 41.67 49.33 单株重 Weight per plant/g H1 98.93 59.75 84.04 H2 128.28 108.98 111.71 H1：超亲优势（%）；H2：超中优势（%）。
H1 refers to over high parent heterosis, H2 refers to over the mean of parent heterosis.
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表 3 亲本和F1代光合特性比较
Table 3. Photosynthetic properties of parents and F1 hybrids
指标
Indicator蒸腾速率
Transpiration
rate/
（mmol·m−2·s−1）净光合速率
Net photosyntheti
rate/
（µmol·m−2·s−1）胞间CO2浓度
Intercellular CO2
concentration/
（µmol·mol−1）气孔导度
Stomatal
conductance/
（mmol·m−2·s−1）实际光化学电子效率
The actual
photochemical
efficiency最大光化学效率
Maximum
photochemical
efficiencyD1 3.824±2.98 abc 4.668±4.88 ab 342.114±19.25 a 0.118±0.11 ab 0.108±0.06 ab 0.610±0.24 a Q1 0.476±0.05 c 2.068±1.03 b 299.204±21.26 bc 0.034±0.02 b 0.038±0.01 b 0.630±0.21 a D2 4.062±0.82 ab 8.056±2.75 a 301.484±29.17 bc 0.146±0.04 ab 0.134±0.06 a 0.620±0.22 a Q2 2.590±0.59 bc 8.640±1.83 a 291.510±14.65 c 0.142±0.04 ab 0.118±0.04 a 0.616±0.03 a D3 0.928±0.12 bc 1.872±0.89 b 337.138±12.41 ab 0.048±0.03 b 0.034±0.03 b 0.458±0.11 a Q3 1.748±0.09 bc 5.970±0.75 ab 287.852±20.37 c 0.094±0.02 ab 0.082±0.02 ab 0.620±0.01 a QD-1 6.124±4.14 a 8.036±5.05 a 307.156±19.45 abc 0.206±0.17 a 0.114±0.05 a 0.742±0.23 a QD-2 2.444±0.67 bc 8.554±1.92 a 300.330±12.42 bc 0.138±0.07 ab 0.120±0.03 a 0.676±0.18 a QD-3 1.020±0.18 bc 1.138±0.63 b 332.106±32.50 ab 0.026±0.01 b 0.034±0.03 b 0.482±0.01 a
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表 4 亲本和F1代指标之间的相关性
Table 4. Correlation among indicators of parents and F1 hybrids
相关性
Correlation株高
Plant height株幅
Plant spread叶色值
Leaf color index叶宽
Leaf width叶长
Leaf length叶柄长
Petiole length叶柄宽
Petiole width单株重
Weight per plant蒸腾速率
Transpiration rate−0.067 −0.115 0.269 −0.138 −0.105 −0.314* −0.055 −0.080 净光合速率
Net photosynthetic rate−0.019 −0.165 0.451** 0.186 −0.188 −0.111 −0.297* −0.243 胞间CO2浓度
Intercellular CO2 concentration−0.020 0.185 −0.206 −0.355* 0.178 −0.145 0.270 0.153 气孔导度
Stomatal conductance−0.023 −0.105 0.357* −0.026 −0.120 −0.203 −0.117 −0.115 实际光化学电子效率
The actual photochemical efficiency−0.100 −0.201 0.367* 0.127 −0.228 −0.204 −0.286 −0.315* 最大光化学效率
Maximum photochemical efficiency−0.172 −0.162 0.168 0.207 −0.186 −0.180 −0.273 −0.154 株高
Plant height1 株幅
Plant spread0.801** 1 叶色值
Leaf color index0.530** 0.302* 1 叶宽
Leaf width−0.170 −0.211 −0.125 1 叶长
Leaf length0.874** 0.878** 0.227 −0.212 1 叶柄长
Petiole length0.846** 0.640** 0.377* −0.059 0.703** 1 叶柄宽
Petiole width0.563** 0.675** −0.027 −0.223 0.755** 0.429** 1 单株重
Weight per plant0.671** 0.794** 0.022 −0.176 0.873** 0.475** 0.814** 1 **和 *分别表示各项指标之间相关性达极显著（ P＜0.01）和显著（ P＜0.05）水平。
Note: ** and * mean extremely significant at P＜0.01, and significant at P＜0.05, respectively.
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