DUS Traits and Classification of Antirrhinum majus L.
-
摘要:
目的 验证国际植物新品种保护联盟（UPOV）发布的金鱼草品种特异性、一致性和稳定性（DUS）测试指南中数量性状在我国的适应性，为建立金鱼草种质数量性状的科学评价方法、研制适应我国生态气候的金鱼草DUS测试指南奠定基础。 方法 以UPOV发布的金鱼草新品种测试指南（TG/221/1）为标准，对40份金鱼草种质开展种植试验，对植株、叶、花等部位的13个主要数量性状进行数据采集，应用SPSS软件对采集数据进行变异程度、数量性状分级和主成分分析。 结果 11个指南性状与2个非指南性状种间变异系数为16.9%～65.9%，种内变异系数为5.3%～12.2%，符合指南性状的选择标准；通过最小显著差法得到13个性状的表达状态分级，可作为金鱼草种质鉴定和DUS指南研制的参考；通过主成分分析法得到4个重要因子并新增了2个指南分组性状。 结论 通过金鱼草种质数量性状数据分析，初步确定了各性状不同分级的数值范围，验证了UPOV指南在我国的适应性并对其中花序长度的分级数量进行优化，新增主茎长度和主茎一级分枝数量作为指南分组性状候选，为我国金鱼草指南的研制提供支持。 Abstract:Objective Applicability of the guidelines recently released by the International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV) for quantitative DUS traits determination and classification of Antirrhinum majus L. in China was examined. Method An experimental planting of 40 germplasms of A. majus L. was conducted following the guidelines TG/221/1 issued by the UPOV. Thirteen DUS traits of the plants, leaves, flowers, and other parts were collected to statistically analyze their variations, classes, and principal components using SPSS for the application on the plant varieties in China. Result The variation coefficients that met the selection criteria set by the guidelines were 16.91%-65.87% among different species and 5.29%-12.18% within a same species on 11 traits, which were specified by the guidelines, as well as two additional ones identified by this study. The expressions of these 13 traits differentiated by least significant difference could all be applied to adequately identify the germplasms and for the DUS guideline development on A. majus L in China. In addition to the 4 factors listed in the UPOV guidelines, the principal component analysis suggested 2 new criteria for the plant classification. Conclusion The current UPOV guidelines provide quantitative DUS traits of A. majus L. germplasms for the species classification. A close examination with a specially designed experimentation revealed additional criteria on inflorescence length, plant height, and number of primary branches on the plant for establishing guidelines applicable in China. -
Key words:
- Antirrhinum majus L. /
- DUS /
- quantitative trait /
- trait classification
-
表 1 40份金鱼草种质资源
Table 1. 40 Germplasms of A. majus L.
序号
Number种质资源
Germplasm resource来源地
Origin序号
Number种质资源
Germplasm resource来源地
Origin1 阿波罗-象牙白 Apollo-Ivory 美国 America 21 马里兰-贝壳粉色 Maryland-Shell pink 美国 America 2 阿波罗-棕红色 Apollo-Brownish red 美国 America 22 马里兰-火焰 Maryland-Flames 美国 America 3 波托马克-白色 Potomac-White 美国 America 23 马里兰-深紫色 Maryland-Dark purple 美国 America 4 彩虹糖-橙色 Rainbow sugar-Orange 日本 Japan 24 美人鱼-品红 Mermaid-Magenta 美国 America 5 彩虹糖-红色 Rainbow sugar-Red 日本 Japan 25 梦得高-橙黄双色 Montego-Orange yellow 美国 America 6 传奇-黄色 Legend-Yellow 日本 Japan 26 梦得高-红晕 Montego-Flush 美国 America 7 号角-橘红色 Horn-Orange red 美国 America 27 摩纳哥-紫罗兰 Monaco-Violet 美国 America 8 花雨-丁香紫色 Flower rain-Lilac purple 日本 Japan 28 神箭-红黄双色 Divine arrow-Red yellow 美国 America 9 花雨-酒红双色 Flower rain-Wine red 日本 Japan 29 诗韵-猩红橙色 Poetic rhyme-Scarlet orange 日本 Japan 10 花雨-珊瑚双色 Flower rain-Coral 日本 Japan 30 双子星-古铜色 Gemini-Bronze 荷兰 Holland 11 火箭-红色 Rocket-Red 美国 America 31 跳跳糖-深紫色 Pop rocks-Dark purple 日本 Japan 12 火箭-渐变玫瑰红色 Rocket-Gradient rose red 美国 America 32 童音-黄色 Child voice-Yellow 荷兰 Holland 13 火箭-金黄色 Rocket-Gold 美国 America 33 香蒂尔-天鹅绒 Chantil-Velvet 日本 Japan 14 火箭-柠檬黄色 Rocket-Lemon yellow 美国 America 34 早生诗韵-粉红色 Early poetry rhyme-Pink 日本 Japan 15 火箭-青铜色 Rocket-Bronze 美国 America 35 至日-橙黄三色 Solstice-Orange three colors 美国 America 16 锦绣-酒红色 Splendid-Wine red 美国 America 36 重瓣双子星-黄色渐变 Double gemini-Yellow gradient 荷兰 Holland 17 凉爽-鲑红色 Cool-Salmon red 美国 America 37 重瓣双子星-紫色 Double Gemini Purple 荷兰 Holland 18 玲珑-桃色 Exquisite-Peach 美国 America 38 紫花卷 Purple flower roll 美国 America 19 玲珑-霞光 Exquisite-Sunglow 美国 America 39 自由经典-淡紫色 Libery-lavender 美国 America 20 玲珑-紫罗兰 Exquisite-Violet 美国 America 40 自由经典-猩红 Libery-Scarlet 美国 America 
下载: 导出CSV
表 2 金鱼草数量性状及其测量方法
Table 2. Quantitative DUS traits and determinations for A. majus L.
性状代码
Trait Number性状
Traits单位
Unit测量方法
Measurement methodsT1 植株高度*
Height of plant*cm 测量地面至植株顶部的高度
Measure the height from the ground to the top of the plantT2 植株株幅*
Width of plant*cm 测量植株最大宽度
Measure the maximum width of the plantT3 主茎长度
Length of main stemcm 测量主茎基部至花序初始位置长度
Measure the length from the base of main stem to the initial position of inflorescenceT4 主茎直径
Diameter of main stemmm 测量植株中部位置主茎粗度
Measure the main stem thickness at the middle of the plantT5 主茎一级分枝数量
Number of primary branches on main stem个 测量主茎上一级分支数量
Measure the number of primary branches on the main stemT6 叶长度
Length of leafcm 测量主茎中部最大叶片长度
Measure the length of the maximum leaf in the middle of main stemT7 叶宽度
Width of leafcm 测量主茎中部最大叶片宽度
Measure the width of the maximum leaf in the middle of main stemT8 花序长度
Length of inflorescencecm 测量花序第一朵花至花序顶端长度
Measure the length from the first flower of inflorescence to the topT9 花长度
Length of flowercm 测量自然状态下花朵长度
Measure the length of flowers in natural stateT10 花宽度
Width of Flowercm 测量自然状态下花朵宽度
Measure the width of flowers in natural stateT11 花冠筒长度
Length of corolla tubecm 测量花冠筒底部至裂片分离处的长度
Measure the length from the bottom of corolla tube to the separation of lobesT12 上唇宽度
width of Upper lipcm 花朵上唇平展的宽度
The width of the flower's upper lipT13 下唇中尖瓣宽度
Width of middle cusp lobe on lower lipcm 花朵下唇中尖瓣平展的宽度
The spreading width of the middle cusp of the lower lip标注*的性状为本研究新增的非指南性状。
* indicates new trait not included in current UPOV guidelines.
下载: 导出CSV
表 3 金鱼草种质资源数量性状变异情况
Table 3. Variation on quantitative DUS traits of A. majus L. germplasms
性状
Trait最大值
Maximum最小值
Minimum平均值
Average极差
Range品种内变异系数
Coefficient of variation
within varieties/%品种间变异系数
Coefficient of variation
among varieties/%T1 124.8 16.8 54 108 7.3 54.9 T2 64.6 25.4 39.7 39.2 8.7 21.3 T3 113.0 11.1 42.7 101.9 9.1 65.9 T4 11.3 2.0 4.2 9.3 7.4 59.1 T5 41.7 7.8 16.8 33.9 9.3 45.5 T6 13.2 5.0 8.0 8.2 7.5 24.3 T7 4.1 1.1 2.4 3.0 10.2 28.9 T8 18.8 6.7 11.7 12.1 12.0 28.6 T9 4.2 1.9 3.1 2.3 7.7 19.4 T10 4.1 1.8 2.8 2.3 9.4 18.4 T11 3.2 1.4 1.7 1.8 5.3 16.9 T12 4.8 2.0 3.3 2.8 7.0 22.6 T13 1.7 0.7 1.1 1.0 9.2 21.9
下载: 导出CSV
表 4 金鱼草数量性状相关性分析
Table 4. Correlation coefficients of quantitative DUS traits of A. majus L.
性状
TraitT1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T8 T9 T10 T11 T12 T13 T1 1 T2 0.605** 1 T3 0.993** 0.601** 1 T4 0.635** 0.263 0.656** 1 T5 0.246 0.182 0.218 0.156 1 T6 0.549** 0.314 0.562** 0.852** 0.289 1 T7 0.573** 0.199 0.587** 0.732** 0.310 0.807** 1 T8 0.469** 0.376* 0.376* 0.019 0.307 0.083 0.118 1 T9 −0.253 −0.315 −0.251 0.250 0.119 0.414** 0.356* −0.209 1 T10 0.198 0.239 0.191 0.465** 0.198 0.645** 0.479** 0.014 0.637** 1 T11 0.040 0.156 0.012 0.161 0.198 0.340* 0.198 0.167 0.404** 0.590** 1 T12 −0.159 −0.245 −0.145 0.329* 0.193 0.500** 0.483** −0.263 0.939** 0.714** 0.346* 1 T13 −0.109 −0.088 −0.101 0.385* 0.126 0.555** 0.462** −0.216 0.847** 0.726** 0.487** 0.878** 1 *. 表示在P值小于 0.05 水平，显著相关性；**. 表示在P值小于 0.01水平，极显著相关。
* Indicates significant correlation at P＜0.05; * * Indicates highly significant correlation at P＜0.01.
下载: 导出CSV
表 5 金鱼草种质资源数量性状表达状态分级
Table 5. Classification on expressions of quantitative DUS traits of A. majus L. germplasms
性状
Trait性状表达状态分级及范围
Expression status grading and range of traits1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 T1 (0，20] (20，30] (30，40] (40，50] (50，60] (60，70] (70，80] (80，90] (90，+∞) T2 (0，26] (26，30] (30，34] (34，38] (38，42] (42，46] (46，50] (54，58] (58，+∞) T3 (0，15] (15，25] (25，35] (35，45] (45，55] (55，65] (65，75] (75，85] (85，+∞) T4 (0，2] (2，3] (3，4] (4，5] (5，6] (6，7] (7，8] (8，9] (9，+∞) T5 (0，4] (4，8] (8，12] (12，16] (16，20] (20，24] (24，28] (28，32] (32，+∞) T6 (0，3.5] (3.5，5] (5，6.5] (6.5，8] (8，9.5] (9.5，11] (11，12.5] (12.5，14] (14，+∞) T7 (0，1] (1，1.5] (1.5，2] (2，2.5] (2.5，3] (3，3.5] (3.5，4] (4，4.5] (4.5，+∞) T8 (0，5] (5，8] (8，11] (11，14] (14，17] (17，20] (20，+∞) T9 (0，1.5] (1.5，2] (2，2.5] (2.5，3] (3，3.5] (3.5，4] (4，4.5] (4.5，5] (5，+∞) T10 (0，1] (1，1.5] (1.5，2] (2，2.5] (2.5，3] (3，3.5] (3.5，4] (4，4.5] (4.5，+∞) T11 (0，1.1] (1.1，1.3] (1.3，1.5] (1.5，1.7] (1.7，1.9] (1.9，2.1] (2.1，2.3] (2.3，2.5] (2.5，+∞) T12 (0，2] (2，2.5] (2.5，3] (3，3.5] (3.5，4] (4，4.5] (4.5，5] (5，5.5] (5.5，+∞) T13 (0，0.4] (0.4，0.6] (0.6，0.8] (0.8，1] (1，1.2] (1.2，1.4] (1.4，1.6] (1.6，1.8] (1.8，+∞)
下载: 导出CSV
表 6 金鱼草种质数量性状总方差结果
Table 6. Total variance on quantitative DUS traits of A. majus L. germplasms
成分
Component特征根
Characteristic-root贡献率
Contribution
rate/%累积贡献率
Cumulative
contribution rate/%1 5.46 41.98 41.98 2 3.74 28.76 70.74 3 0.99 7.62 78.36 4 0.84 6.45 84.80
下载: 导出CSV
表 7 金鱼草种质数量性状成分矩阵
Table 7. Component matrix of quantitative DUS traits of A. majus L. germplasms
性状代码
Trait number成分 Component 1 2 3 4 T6 0.92 0.14 −0.15 −0.07 T10 0.86 −0.17 0.23 −0.15 T7 0.84 0.15 −0.26 0.06 T4 0.83 0.17 −0.32 −0.04 T13 0.79 −0.51 0.03 −0.13 T12 0.73 −0.61 −0.06 0.09 T9 0.67 −0.66 0.05 0.10 T1 0.38 0.87 −0.04 −0.02 T3 0.39 0.86 −0.11 −0.06 T2 0.27 0.71 0.09 −0.45 T8 0.11 0.65 0.46 0.23 T11 0.56 −0.10 0.71 −0.06 T5 0.44 0.37 0.00 0.71
下载: 导出CSV
-
[1] 陈宇华, 陈剑锋, 钟声远, 等. 20份金鱼草种质资源花色性状鉴定与分析 [J]. 福建农业科技, 2022, 53(7):1−7.CHEN Y H, CHEN J F, ZHONG S Y, et al. Identification and analysis of flower color traits of 20Germplasm resources of Antirrhinum majus [J]. Fujian Agricultural Science and Technology, 2022, 53(7): 1−7.(in Chinese) [2] 李彤, 邵慧慧, 韩嘉宁, 等. 金鱼草AmPIF4基因克隆及调控花香物质合成释放功能分析 [J]. 西北植物学报, 2021, 41(12):1994−2001.LI T, SHAO H H, HAN J N, et al. Isolation and characterization of AmPIF4 gene in the regulating floral scent synthesis and release in snapdragon [J]. Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica, 2021, 41(12): 1994−2001.(in Chinese) [3] 曾紫风, 孙欢, 郭雪, 等. 金鱼草中央细胞中线粒体DNA拷贝数的定量 [J]. 热带亚热带植物学报, 2016, 24(4):452−455.ZENG Z F, SUN H, GUO X, et al. Quantification of mitochondrial DNA copies in central cells of antirrhium majus [J]. Journal of Tropical and Subtropical Botany, 2016, 24(4): 452−455.(in Chinese) [4] 赵印泉, 周斯建, 彭培好, 等. 植物花香代谢调节与基因工程研究进展 [J]. 热带亚热带植物学报, 2011, 19(4):381−390.ZHAO Y Q, ZHOU S J, PENG P H, et al. Research advances in metabolic regulation and genetic engineering of floral scent [J]. Journal of Tropical and Subtropical Botany, 2011, 19(4): 381−390.(in Chinese) [5] YANG Y Y, TIAN Y N, LI H C, et al. Mitigation of gravitropic bending of snapdragon cut flowers through SNP treatment via ROS asymmetry elimination and auxin sensitivity reduction [J]. Scientia Horticulturae, 2023, 313: 111890. doi: 10.1016/j.scienta.2023.111890 [6] 褚云霞, 陈海荣, 邓姗, 等. 中外植物新品种保护DUS审查方式之比较与借鉴 [J]. 种子, 2016, 35(6):70−74.CHU Y X, CHEN H R, DENG S, et al. The comparison and revelation on the DUS testing methods of protection of plant new varieties among China and foreign countries [J]. Seed, 2016, 35(6): 70−74.(in Chinese) [7] 林夕, 周仙莉, 张红岩, 等. 青海菜用蚕豆改良效果评价及主要数量性状遗传效应分析 [J]. 种子, 2022, 41(2):40−45.LIN X, ZHOU X L, ZHANG H Y, et al. Evaluation of improvement effect and genetic effect analysis of main quantitative traits of vegetable broad bean in Qinghai [J]. Seed, 2022, 41(2): 40−45.(in Chinese) [8] 杨磊, 贾平平, 靳娟, 等. 118个枣品种表型性状多样性分析 [J]. 植物资源与环境学报, 2023, 32(1):50−60.YANG L, JIA P P, JIN J, et al. Analysis on phenotypic trait diversity of 118 Ziziphus jujuba cultivars [J]. Journal of Plant Resources and Environment, 2023, 32(1): 50−60.(in Chinese) [9] 李娟, 孔德章, 焦爱霞, 等. 基于贵州地区玉米DUS测试数量性状变异与分级标准研究 [J]. 种子, 2021, 40(10):34−40.LI J, KONG D Z, JIAO A X, et al. Study on quantitative trait variation and grading standard of maize by DUS test in Guizhou region [J]. Seed, 2021, 40(10): 34−40.(in Chinese) [10] 谢文辉, 赵文武, 王雷挺, 等. 22份百脉根种质资源表型数量性状的遗传多样性分析 [J]. 草地学报, 2023, 31(1):173−179.XIE W H, ZHAO W W, WANG L T, et al. Genetic diversity analysis of 22 lotus corniculatus germplasm resources based on phenotypic quantitative traits [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2023, 31(1): 173−179.(in Chinese) [11] 姚祝芳, 张雄坚, 杨义伶, 等. 177份甘薯地方资源表型性状的遗传多样性分析 [J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(9):2228−2241.YAO Z F, ZHANG X J, YANG Y L, et al. Genetic diversity of phenotypic traits in 177 sweetpotato Landrace [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2022, 48(9): 2228−2241.(in Chinese) [12] 褚云霞, 何玉祥, 邓姗, 等. 萱草属DUS测试中数量性状的测量方法研究 [J]. 中国农业大学学报, 2022, 27(1):67−78.CHU Y X, HE Y X, DENG S, et al. Study on the measurement of quantitative characteristics in DUS testing of Hemerocallis [J]. Journal of China Agricultural University, 2022, 27(1): 67−78.(in Chinese) [13] 邓姗, 陈海荣, 任丽, 等. 玉簪属品种DUS测试中数量性状的测定方法探索 [J]. 植物遗传资源学报, 2020, 21(2):347−358.DENG S, CHEN H R, REN L, et al. Measurement method for the quantitative traits used in DUS testing of Hosta(Hosta tratt. ) [J]. Journal of Plant Genetic Resources, 2020, 21(2): 347−358.(in Chinese) [14] 赵洪, 张靖立, 禇云霞, 等. 基于DUS测试性状的上海鲜食玉米遗传多样性分析 [J]. 玉米科学, 2022, 30(3):24−31.ZHAO H, ZHANG J L, CHU Y X, et al. Genetic diversity analysis of fresh maize based on DUS characters in Shanghai [J]. Journal of Maize Sciences, 2022, 30(3): 24−31.(in Chinese) [15] 纪军建, 付国庆, 寇淑君, 等. 谷子新品种DUS测试数量性状分级及遗传多样性研究 [J]. 种子, 2022, 41(9):17−27.JI J J, FU G Q, KOU S J, et al. Quantitative character classification and genetic diversity of new millet varieties based on DUS testing [J]. Seed, 2022, 41(9): 17−27.(in Chinese) [16] 李晓荣, 张中平, 孙永海, 等. 西南麦区96份小麦育种材料重要农艺性状的遗传多样性分析 [J]. 南方农业学报, 2021, 52(9):2358−2368.LI X R, ZHANG Z P, SUN Y H, et al. Genetic diversity of 96 wheat breeding materials in the southwest wheat region based on important agronomic traits [J]. Journal of Southern Agriculture, 2021, 52(9): 2358−2368.(in Chinese) [17] 陈永忠, 许彦明, 张震, 等. 油茶果实主要数量性状分析及育种指标体系筛选 [J]. 中南林业科技大学学报, 2021, 41(3):1−9.CHEN Y Z, XU Y M, ZHANG Z, et al. Analysis of fruit main quantitative traits and selection of breeding index in Camellia oleifera [J]. Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology, 2021, 41(3): 1−9.(in Chinese) [18] International Union for the Protection of New Plant Varieties. Guidelines for the conduct of tests for distinctness, uniformity and stability (Antirrhinum majus L. ):TG/221/1 [S]. Geneva. Switzerlang: UPOV, 2005. [19] 中华人民共和国农业部. 植物新品种特异性、一致性和稳定性测试指南 蝴蝶兰: NY/T 2230—2012[S]. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2013. [20] 中华人民共和国农业部. 植物新品种特异性、一致性和稳定性测试指南 兰属: NY/T 2441—2013[S]. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2014. [21] 中华人民共和国农业部. 植物新品种特异性、一致性和稳定性测试指南 郁金香属: NY/T 2226—2012[S]. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2013. [22] 中华人民共和国农业部. 植物新品种特异性、一致性和稳定性测试指南 石斛属: NY/T 2758—2015[S]. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2015. [23] 唐浩. 植物品种特异性 一致性 稳定性测试总论[M]. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2017. [24] 张中润, 黄伟坚, 黄海杰, 等. 腰果品种DUS测试指南的研制 [J]. 热带作物学报, 2022, 43(5):948−954.ZHANG Z R, HUANG W J, HUANG H J, et al. Development of test guideline of distinctness, uniformity and stability for cashew(Anacardium occidentale L. ) [J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2022, 43(5): 948−954.(in Chinese) [25] 成晓丹, 魏宇昆, 黄艳波, 等. 鼠尾草属品种DUS测试指南的研制 [J]. 园艺学报, 2020, 47(S2):3154−3163.CHENG X D, WEI Y K, HUANG Y B, et al. Study on test guideline of distinctness, uniformity and stability for Salvia [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2020, 47(S2): 3154−3163.(in Chinese) [26] 李栋梁, 符瑞侃, 云勇, 等. 叶子花属植物新品种特异性、一致性和稳定性测试指南研制 [J]. 分子植物育种, 2022, 20(17):5855−5863.LI D L, FU R K, YUN Y, et al. Guideline development for the conduct of tests for distinctness, uniformity and stability of new varieties of Bougainvillea [J]. Molecular Plant Breeding, 2022, 20(17): 5855−5863.(in Chinese) [27] 褚云霞, 陈海荣, 邓姗, 等. 观赏植物品种DUS测试指南的研制 [J]. 上海农业学报, 2018, 34(6):81−87.CHU Y X, CHEN H R, DENG S, et al. Development of the guidelines for the tests of distinctness, uniformity and stability of ornamental plant [J]. Acta Agriculturae Shanghai, 2018, 34(6): 81−87.(in Chinese) [28] 褚云霞, 邓姗, 陈海荣, 等. 中国草本花卉DUS测试现状 [J]. 中国农业大学学报, 2020, 25(2):34−43. doi: 10.11841/j.issn.1007-4333.2020.02.04CHU Y X, DENG S, CHEN H R, et al. Present status of DUS testing for herbaceous ornamentals in China [J]. Journal of China Agricultural University, 2020, 25(2): 34−43.(in Chinese) doi: 10.11841/j.issn.1007-4333.2020.02.04 [29] 冯俊杰, 赵文达, 张新全, 等. 引种日本多花黑麦草标准品种DUS性状变异分析及应用 [J]. 中国农业科学, 2022, 55(12):2447−2460.FENG J J, ZHAO W D, ZHANG X Q, et al. DUS traits variation analysis and application of standard varieties of Lolium multiflorum introduced from Japan [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(12): 2447−2460.(in Chinese) [30] 钟声远, 钟海丰, 陈宇华, 等. 建兰品种资源数量性状与分组性状的DUS判定 [J]. 西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版), 2022, 50(3):115−124.ZHONG S Y, ZHONG H F, CHEN Y H, et al. DUS evaluation of quantitative and grouping characteristics of Cymbidium ensifolium [J]. Journal of Northwest A & F University (Natural Science Edition), 2022, 50(3): 115−124.(in Chinese) -
