6种渔药制剂对马口鱼幼鱼的急性毒性及安全评价

林而舒; 陈斌; 樊海平; 钟全福; 吴斌; 朱坤远

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2023.07.012

6种渔药制剂对马口鱼幼鱼的急性毒性及安全评价

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2023.07.012

1.
福建省淡水水产研究所，福建　福州　350000
2.
龙岩学院，福建　龙岩　364012

基金项目: 福建省种业创新与产业化工程项目（2021MNZ05）

详细信息

作者简介:
林而舒（1993 —），女，硕士，助理农艺师，主要从事水产养殖及病害防治研究，E-mail：linershu@qq.com

通讯作者:
樊海平（1967 —），男，硕士，研究员，主要从事水产养殖病害研究，E-mail：fanhaiping16@163.com

中图分类号: S948
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-02-28
- 修回日期: 2022-04-18
- 网络出版日期: 2023-07-16
- 刊出日期: 2023-07-28

Acute Toxicities of Six Aquaculture Drugs on Juvenile Opsariichthys bidens

1.
Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, Fujian,　350002, China
2.
Longyan University, Longyan, Fujian　364012, China

摘要

摘要: 目的探明常用渔药制剂对马口鱼幼鱼的毒性和安全使用剂量，保障其养殖过程中渔药的安全使用。方法在水温25.8～28.3 ℃的室外条件下，采用静水式试验法测定6种常用渔药制剂对马口鱼幼鱼的急性毒性，并通过药物毒性积蓄系数（Medicine toxicity accumulation coefficient，MAC）分析制剂对马口鱼幼鱼的急性致毒效应特征。结果 6种渔药制剂对马口鱼幼鱼的安全质量浓度从高到低依次为美婷Ⅱ（2.222 mg·L⁻¹）、车轮虫必克（0.790 mg·L⁻¹）、聚维酮碘（0.659 mg·L⁻¹）、拜特新敌磷（0.225 mg·L⁻¹）、拜特指环敌（0.214 mg·L⁻¹）、白点净（0.006 mg·L⁻¹）；对马口鱼幼鱼的MAC值均为正值，但其变化趋势不同，表明6种药物积蓄作用强于降减作用，且受试生物对药物敏感程度存在差异。结论依据有毒物质对鱼类毒性等级的评价标准，对马口鱼幼鱼，美婷Ⅱ为低毒渔药制剂，车轮虫必克、聚维酮碘、拜特新敌磷和拜特指环敌为中毒渔药制剂，白点净为剧毒渔药制剂。
- 渔药制剂 /
- 马口鱼 /
- 急性毒性 /
- 安全浓度 /
- 药物毒性积蓄系数 /
- 安全评价
Abstract: Objective Acute toxicities of 6 aquaculture drugs on juvenile Opsariichthys bidens were determined for safe applications. Method Medicine toxicity accumulation coefficients (MACs) of 6 drugs commonly applied for aquaculture were determined on the fish in a tank at a controlled temperature of 25.8–28.3 ℃. Result The drugs at specific doses displayed varied degrees of safety that ranked as Meiting Ⅱ (2.222 mg·L⁻¹)＞Chelunchongbike (0.790 mg·L⁻¹)＞povidone iodine (0.659 mg·L⁻¹)＞Baitexindilin (0.225 mg·L⁻¹)＞Baitezhihuandi (0.214 mg·L⁻¹)＞Baidianjing (0.006 mg·L⁻¹). The MACs of these drugs on O. bidens were positive but differed in the toxic effect to the fish due to differentiated accumulation and degradation of as well as sensitivity of the fish to the individual drugs. Conclusion According to the classification standards, Meiting Ⅱ was determined to be low toxic, while Chelunchongbike, povidone iodine, Baitexindilin, and Baitezhihuandi, moderately toxic, and Baidianjing, highly toxic to O. bidens juveniles.
- Aquaculture drugs /
- Opsariichthys bidens /
- acute toxicity /
- safety mass concentration /
- drug toxicity accumulation coefficient /
- safety concentration

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表 1 试验用渔药种类

Table 1. Aquaculture drugs tested

渔药制剂名称 Drug names	主要成分及有效含量 Main components and content	生产厂家 Manufacture factory
美婷Ⅱ Meiting Ⅱ	皮乐宝（溴硝基丙二醇）、硫酸亚铁 2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol、FeSO₄	长沙拜特生物科技研究所有限公司 Changsha Beite Biotechnology Research Institute Co., Ltd.
聚维酮碘 Povidone iodine	聚维酮碘 Povidone iodine（10%）	厦门惠盈动物渔业有限公司 Xiamen Huiying Animal and Fishery Co., Ltd.
拜特指环敌 Baitezhihuandi	甲苯咪唑 Mebendazole（10%）	长沙拜特生物科技研究所有限公司 Changsha Beite Biotechnology Research Institute Co., Ltd.
拜特新敌磷 Baitexindilin	O,O-二甲基-（2,2,2-三氯-1-羟基乙基）磷酸酯 O,O-dimethyl-(2,2,2-trichloro-1-hydroxyethyl)phosponate （90%）	长沙拜特生物科技研究所有限公司 Changsha Beite Biotechnology Research Institute Co., Ltd.
车轮虫必克 Chelunchongbike	槟榔碱、苦参碱 Arecoline、Matrine	山西争跃化工药业有限公司 Shanxi Zhengyue Chemical Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.
白点净 Baidianjing	有机铜化合物 Organic copper（10%）	山西争跃化工药业有限公司 Shanxi Zhengyue Chemical Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.

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表 2 各试验渔药制剂质量浓度

Table 2. Mass concentrations of 6 aquaculture drugs

渔药制剂名称 Drug names	药物质量浓度 Mass concentration/(mg·L⁻¹)
美婷Ⅱ Meiting Ⅱ	9.880	14.810	22.220	33.330	50.000	75.000
聚维酮碘 Povidone iodine	6.016	6.296	6.597	6.904	7.233	7.574	7.931
拜特指环敌 Baitezhihuandi	2.000	2.090	2.190	2.300	2.410	2.520	2.640	2.760
拜特新敌磷 Baitexindilin	1.490	1.710	1.966	2.260	2.590	2.960	3.390	3.885
车轮虫必克 Chelunchongbike	6.285	7.054	7.920	8.880	9.970	11.200
白点净 Baidianjing	0.046	0.056	0.068	0.083	0.101	0.123	0.150
除美婷Ⅱ和车轮虫必克外，其他药物浓度以有效成分含量计算。由于美婷Ⅱ和车轮虫必克使用说明书上未标注主要成分的有效含量，故药物浓度以制剂浓度为标准进行计算。 Drug concentrations were calculated based on content of active component. On MeitingⅡ and Chelunchongbike, of which no active ingredients contents were given in user manuals, concentrations of total dry weight are shown.

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表 3 不同渔药制剂对马口鱼幼鱼死亡率的影响

Table 3. Mortality of juvenile O. bidens caused by drug applications

渔药制剂名称 Drug names	药物质量浓度 Mass concentration/ (mg·L⁻¹)	死亡率 Mortality rate/%
渔药制剂名称 Drug names	药物质量浓度 Mass concentration/ (mg·L⁻¹)	24 h	48 h	72 h	96 h
美婷Ⅱ Meiting Ⅱ	0	0	0	0	0
	9.880	0	0	0	0
	14.810	0	20.0	20.0	20.0
	22.220	0	20.0	20.0	20.0
	33.330	20.0	80.0	100.0
	50	80.0	100.0
	75.000	100.0
聚维酮碘 Povidone iodine	0	0	0	0	0
	6.016	0	0	0	0
	6.296	0	20.0	20.0	20.0
	6.597	20.0	20.0	40.0	80.0
	6.904	60.0	60.0	66.7	80.0
	7.233	63.3	63.3	73.3	80.0
	7.574	96.7	96.7	100.0
	7.931	100.0
拜特指环敌 Baitezhihuandi	0	0	0	0	0
	2.000	0	0	0	0
	2.090	0	0	40.0	40.0
	2.190	20.0	20.0	40.0	60.0
	2.300	20.0	40.0	60.0	100.0
	2.410	40.0	40.0	80.0	100.0
	2.520	60.0	60.0	100.0
	2.640	60.0	100.0
	2.760	100.0
拜特新敌磷 Baitexindilin	0	0	0	0	0
	1.490	0	0	0	0
	1.710	10.0	10.0	10.0	10.0
	1.966	26.7	26.7	26.7	26.7
	2.260	40.0	40.0	40.0	40.0
	2.590	60.0	80.0	80.0	80.0
	2.960	80.0	90.0	90.0	90.0
	3.390	96.7	100.0
	3.885	100.0
车轮虫必克 Chelunchongbike	0	0	0	0	0
	6.285	0	0	0	0
	7.054	0	3.3	3.3	20.0
	7.920	23.3	23.3	23.3	23.3
	8.880	40.0	100.0
	9.970	80.0	100.0
	11.200	100.0
白点净 Baidianjing	0	0	0	0	0
	0.046	0	0	0	0
	0.056	0	30.0	40.0	40.0
	0.068	0	70.0	90.0	90.0
	0.083	0	90.0	100.0
	0.101	6.7	80.0	100.0
	0.123	80.0	100.0
	0.150	100.0

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表 4 渔药对马口鱼幼鱼的回归方程、半致死浓度和安全质量浓度

Table 4. Regression equations, LC₅₀, and safety concentrations of 6 aquaculture drugs on juvenile O. bidens

渔药制剂名称 Drug names	时间 Time/h	回归方程 Regression equation	半致死浓度 LC₅₀/(mg·L^-1)	95%置信区间 95% confidence interval/(mg·L^-1)	药物毒性蓄积程度系数 MAC/%	安全质量浓度 SC/(mg·L^-1)
美婷Ⅱ Meiting Ⅱ	24	y =204.42x–279.30(R²=0.9530)	40.822	35.412～47.059		2.222
	48	y =147.67x–154.88(R²=0.8990)	24.401	20.502～29.043	88.265
	72	y =170.43x–179.52(R²=0.7628)	22.218	19.274～25.613	11.734
	96	y =170.43x–179.52(R²=0.7628)	22.218	19.274～25.613	0
聚维酮碘 Povidone iodine	24	y =1196.40x–956.02(R²=0.9463)	6.932	6.629～7.250		0.659
	48	y =1196.40x–956.20(R²=0.9463)	6.932	6.629～7.250	0
	72	y =1096.80x–864.45(R²=0.8168)	6.819	6.508～7.145	33.041
	96	y =970.78x–745.02(R²=0.8260)	6.590	6.295～6.901	66.959
拜特指环敌 Baitezhihuandi	24	y =742.19x–240.05(R²=0.9292)	2.459	2.388～2.533		0.214
	48	y =871.50x–280.19(R²=0.9232)	2.393	2.328～2.459	20.820
	72	y =710.62x–198.75(R²=0.9130)	2.225	2.166～2.286	52.997
	96	y =1580.00x–472.72(R²=0.9838)	2.142	2.100～2.185	26.183
拜特新敌磷 Baitexindilin	24	y =282.36x–54.03(R²=0.9881)	2.336	2.038～2.677		0.225
	48	y =304.45x–57.04(R²=0.9664)	2.247	1.996～2.529	100
	72	y =304.45x–57.04(R²=0.9664)	2.247	1.996～2.529	0
	96	y =304.45x–57.04(R²=0.9664)	2.247	1.996～2.529	0
车轮虫必克 Chelunchongbike	24	y =506.92x–432.38(R²=0.9793)	8.945	8.482～9.433		0.790
	48	y =939.30x –802.36(R²=0.8724)	8.081	7.830～8.341	82.521
	72	y =939.30x–802.36(R²=0.8724)	8.081	7.830～8.341	0
	96	y =589.99x–479.52(R²=0.7589)	7.898	7.584～8.225	17.479
白点净 Baidianjing	24	y =580.60x+588.37(R²=0.8952)	0.118	0.112～0.125		0.006
	48	y =222.59x +312.10(R²=0.8571)	0.066	0.060～0.074	88.136
	72	y =406.76x +550.10(R²=0.9457)	0.059	0.055～0.063	11.865
	96	y =406.76x +550.10(R²=0.9457)	0.059	0.055～0.063	0

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