Authentication of F1 Gerbera jamesonii Hybrids Using SSR Molecular Markers
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摘要:
目的 应用SSR分子标记技术鉴定非洲菊（Gerbera jamesonii Bolus）F1代杂种的真实性，以期为非洲菊新品种（系）杂种的真实性鉴定提供方法。 方法 选用非洲菊罗德里、热带草原及其65个正反交F1代杂种，部分自主选育非洲菊新品种（系）及其亲本为材料，从非洲菊转录组中发掘的65对SSR引物中筛选条带清晰、重复性好、亲本间无相同等位基因位点的引物，运用于非洲菊F1代杂种的真实性鉴定。 结果 65对SSR引物中，有26对引物在非洲菊亲本罗德里、热带草原间具有多态性，多态性比例达40%，其中，g24、g32、g38、g64这4对引物扩增非洲菊亲本间无相同等位基因位点，条带清晰可辨，扩增正反交后代都包含双亲的各一条带，都能将65个正反交后代鉴定为真杂种。引物g24、g04、g44、g39扩增非洲菊新品种（系）均包含双亲的各一条带，可分别将非洲菊新品种（系）明卉粉黛、明卉红颜、魅粉、幻彩鉴定为真杂种。 结论 SSR分子标记在非洲菊亲本中多态性丰富，可应用于非洲菊杂交后代真实性鉴定，能够有效辅助非洲菊新品种鉴定和选育。 Abstract:Objective SSR molecular markers were used to verify the authenticity of F1 hybrids of Gerbera jamesonii Bolus. [Methods] From Rodrigo, Savannah, and their progenies, 65 reciprocal F1 hybrids of gerbera, primers with clear bands, high repeatability, and free of identical allele between parents were selected. Based on the transcriptomes, applicable means of species authentication were investigated. Results Of the 65 selected pairs of SSR primers, 26 were polymorphic at a rate of 40%. No identical alleles between the parents were found on the g24, g32, g38, and g64 primers with clear and distinct bands. They all contained a band of each parent in their amplified positive and negative F1 progenies and could correctly distinguish true from false hybrids. Meanwhile, the primer g24, g04, g44, and g39 could amplify new gerbera varieties/strains and also contained a band of each parent. However, they were limited to positively identifying genuine hybrids of Minghuifendai, Minghuihongyan, Meifen, and Huancai. Conclusion The SSR molecular markers selected could satisfactorily be used to authenticate the F1 hybrids of G. jamesonii Bolus for plant selection and commercial identification. -
Key words:
- Gerbera jamesonii Bolus /
- SSR molecular markers /
- species authentication
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图 1 10个非洲菊杂交亲本及4个非洲菊新品种（系）
A：罗德里；B：热带草原；C：玲珑；D：水粉；E：红胜利；F：云南红；G：拉丝6号；H：拉丝4号；I：晨光；J：菲比；k：明卉粉黛；L：明卉红颜；M：魅粉；N：幻彩。
Figure 1. Ten parents and 4 new cultivars/strains of gerbera
A: Rodrigo; B: Savannah; C: Rosalin; D: Ellymay; E: Hongshengli; F: Yunnanhong; G: Spider No. 6; H: Spider No.4; I: Chenguang; J: Febe; K: Minghuifendai; L: Minghuihongyan; M: Meifen; N: Huancai.
图 2 部分SSR引物扩增图谱
M：DNA Marker；L：罗德里；R：热带草原；红色框部分所示为SSR位点处的差异条带。
Figure 2. Partial SSR primer amplification map
M: DNA marker；L: Rodrigo; R: Savannah; Red box shows different band at SSR position.
图 3 g24引物（A）、g32引物（B）、g38引物（C）、g64引物（D）对非洲菊亲本罗德里、热带草原及65个正反交后代DNA的PCR扩增结果
M：DNA Marker；L：罗德里；R：热带草原；1～33：非洲菊正交后代单株，34～65：非洲菊反交后代单株。
Figure 3. PCR amplification results of primers g24 (A), g32 (B), g38 (C), and g64 (D) on DNA of G. jamesonii parents Rodrigo, Savannah, and 65 positive and negative progenies
M: DNA marker; L: Rodrigo; R: Savannah; 1-33：Positive cross gerbera plants; 34-65：Negative cross gerbera plants.
图 4 基于SSR标记的非洲菊新品种（系）杂种真实性鉴定结果
M：DNA marker，♀为母本，♂为父本，F1为杂交后代新品种（系），红色框部分所示为SSR位点处的差异条带；A：g24引物扩增电泳图，母本为玲珑，父本为水粉；B：g04引物扩增电泳图，母本为红胜利，父本为云南红；C：g44引物扩增电泳图，母本为拉丝6号，父本为拉丝4号；D：g39引物扩增电泳图，母本为晨光，父本为菲比
Figure 4. Identification results of SSR markers in new gerbera cultivars/strains
M: DNA marker; ♀: Female parent; ♂: Male parent; F1: New cultivars/strains of hybrids; Red box shows different band at SSR position; A: Amplification electrophoresis on g24 of Rosalin as female parent and Ellymay as male parent; B: Amplification electrophoresis on g04 of Hongshengli as female parent and Yunnanhong as male parent; C: Amplification electrophoresis on g44 of Spider NO.6 as female parent and Spider NO.4 as male parent; D: Amplification electrophoresis on g39 of Chenguang as female parent and Febe as male parent.
表 1 亲本材料相关信息
Table 1. Information about parent materials
序号
Number种质名称
Germplasm name花色
Flower color瓣型
Petal type花型
Flower type花心颜色
Color of inflorescence center1 罗德里 Rodrigo 紫色 Purple 丝状 Spider 单瓣 Simple 浅色 Light 2 热带草原 Savannah 红色 Red 舌状 Ligulate 单瓣 Simple 深色 Dark 3 玲珑 Rosalin 粉色 Pink 舌状 Ligulate 半重瓣 Semidouble 深色 Dark 4 水粉 Ellymay 粉色 Pink 舌状 Ligulate 半重瓣 Semidouble 浅色 Light 5 红胜利 Hongshengli 红色 Red 舌状 Ligulate 半重瓣 Semidouble 深色 Dark 6 云南红 Yunnanhong 红色 Red 舌状 Ligulate 半重瓣 Semidouble 浅色 Light 7 拉丝6号 Spider No. 6 粉色 Pink 丝状 Spider 半重瓣 Semidouble 深色 Dark 8 拉丝4号 Spider No. 4 橙色 Orange 丝状 Spider 单瓣 Simple 深色 Dark 9 晨光 Chenguang 橙红复色 Orange and red 舌状 Ligulate 半重瓣 Semidouble 深色 Dark 10 菲比 Febe 橙黄复色 Orange and yellow 舌状 Ligulate 半重瓣 Semidouble 深色 Dark 
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表 2 杂交亲本组合及其杂种F1代信息
Table 2. Information on cross combinations and F1 hybrids
序号
Number杂交组合（♀×♂）
Hybrid combination （♀×♂）供试杂种F1代数量
Amount of tested F1 hybrids杂种F1编号/名称
F1 Hybrids number/cultivar1 罗德里×热带草原
Rodrigo×Savannah33 1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12、
13、14、15、16、17、18、19、20、21、22、23、24、
25、26、27、28、29、30、31、32、332 热带草原×罗德里
Savannah×Rodrigo32 34、35、36、37、38、39、40、41、42、43、44、
45、46、47、48、49、50、51、52、53、54、55、56、57、
58、59、60、61、62、63、64、653 玲珑×水粉
Rosalin×Ellymay1 LA14/明卉粉黛
LA14/Minghuifendai4 红胜利×云南红
Hongshengli×Yunnanhong1 50-101/明卉红颜
50-101/Minghuihongyan5 拉丝6号×拉丝4号
Spider No. 6×Spider No.41 F6-1/魅粉
F6-1/Meifen6 晨光×菲比
Chenguang×Febe1 CF-1/幻彩
CF-1/Huancai
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表 3 SSR引物序列
Table 3. Sequence of SSR primers
引物名称
Primer name重复单元
Repeat motif上游引物
Forward primer下游引物
Reverse primer片段长度
Fragment length/bpg01 (CT)14 GAATTCAATGAGCATCGCCT GGCGGGCAATACAAAACTTA 188 g02 (CT)12 TTCATTTCTCCCCTCGTCAC AATGGGTCAACATTCAGCGT 128 g03 (AC)11 GGATTTATTTGGTCTACGGTGC TTGGGAAGGGTTTGAAATTG 148 g04 (TG)18 TGCTAGGTGCTGTGAGGAGA TTGTGCACGCCTACTTTTTG 184 g05 (TC)11 TCCAATTCCAAGGTGTAAATCC GGAATTCTCCATTCCTGCAA 175 g06 (TA)8 CAAACGTCAAGAACACGCAC TCAACAGCGGTTGTGTATGAA 167 g07 (GA)15 GCGTAGGGTTTTCTGTGCAT TCTCTCTAAGATCGCCCTGC 206 g08 (TC)12 GCCAAGAAATGGATCCAAGA ACCCGCTCATTTTACGACC 134 g09 (AG)13 CGAACCTTCACAAGATCGGT TCGGAGATGTTCCTTTGACC 189 g10 (GT)12 GTGCGGGTGTGAACAACATA ATCACCTTCTCCGACACACC 159 g11 (GA)15 GTAGCGAAACACGGAGGAAA AGTACGGCCTCCTCCATTCT 194 g12 (GT)11 AACCTGGCATACACTTTGGC CGAACCAAACAATTACCATGAA 177 g13 (TC)12 GTTGCACGCCCTCCTATCT GTCGGTGTCGGAGAAATGTT 226 g14 (GA)9 TGCAATTGGATGTGAGTCGT GCAACGAGAGCAAACTACCC 179 g15 (TC)13 ACGGTTCAATTTCGAGAACG AAATTTTAGCGCAAAACAAGC 202 g16 (CT)9 GCTCTCAACCTGTCAAAGGC GCTTCCCTCGATTGTAGCTG 173 g17 (AG)10 TCCAACGTCAATTCCAATCA AACTCTGTCGTGGTGTCGGT 156 g18 (TA)12 CAATCATGGCTGCATTTCAC TTTTCCACGTCAAACCATCA 220 g19 (TA)10 GTGAGGTGCAAGAGGAAAGC TACCAGCAGAAGCAGACGAA 221 g20 (AG)10 ATTGCACCCTCGTTTTATGC TCTGCTGCATCTTCATGCTT 185 g21 (ATG)7 TGCCTTGAAAGTGACGATGA GCGTAAGATTCTCCACAGGG 223 g22 (TCT)12 CTCCATTTTGTAGCCAAGAGTG GCCACCACTACTGAGGCATT 163 g23 (CGG)8 CATCCCTTACGTTGGCACTT CACCCTTGAAACCCTCTCTG 167 g24 (GAT)8 AGTGGGAGAAGCTATGCCAA GGGTCGCCATAGCAAATAGA 187 g25 (TTA)8 GATTGGATGCTAGCTTTGCC GGGCATTTTGGACATTTGAT 162 g26 (GAA)5 AGAAGAGTCCGTGGTGGCTA GGTGACTTCGTCTTGAGGGA 185 g27 (AAG)13 AATCCTCAATGCCACCTTTG GAGGCAGGAATTGACTGGAA 160 g28 (TAA)7 CGTTTTACATGCAGCCTCAA CTTTGCTTCCTCTGCCTGAC 167 g29 (ACT)6 AACAATAGGATCAAACGCGG TCGGATTGAAGGTGAGAAGG 152 g30 (GAC)5 CACAAACCCTTGTAGCGGAT ACATTCTTCACCGGAGCAAC 150 g31 (AAG)9 ATCGGCTCAAGGTAAGGGAT GCTCAATGGCTTCAGACACA 186 g32 (GAT)11 ATTTTGAAGGGATTGGTGGG TCATGCCATATTCCCTCGAT 174 g33 (AAG)11 CAGGGGCAGTTAGGTTCAAA TAGAATTGGACCCGCTATGG 186 g34 (CAA)7 TGGCAATCGTGCTTGTTAAA CCCCAATTCTATTTGGGACT 158 g35 (TAC)7 GTCACACGTGGTCGCATATC ACAAATCGAACTTTGACCCG 194 g36 (AAC)9 AGCAAGATCAAAAGACCCGA CCTTTGTCGTCATAGCAATCAA 167 g37 (TCG)9 CGCCATTAAAGCCTTCTTTC GGAAGGCTTGTGTTGGTTGT 151 g38 (GCG)7 AATGGCAGCTACTGCGTCTT TCACCATTAACGGCTGATGA 158 g39 (AAT)12 ACAAAGAATCCGTCCACCAG GACCGTATTGGGCAGGTCTA 164 g40 (GAA)10 GAGGCGTTATCGGACTTTGA TTCTTCTTGGGACGTAACCG 168 g41 (TCTT)5 CGGTCACTGGGAAACTTCAT CGTCCTCAATAATTGCCGTT 199 g42 (TTGT)5 ACCCACTTGGCTTGGGTATT CTGCTGAGGCTTTCATCTCC 142 g43 (TACA)5 CGCAAAGTGTAAACTGAAGTGG CCCAGCTTGACTCATGGTTT 150 g44 (CTAT)8 TTAGGAGTGGAGTCGCTGCT CGAAAAGCTAGCAAATGGACA 200 g45 (AGGA)6 GGCGTCTTGTTTCTTTTTCG AGCTGGGACCTGGGAATACT 144 g46 (TTTA)6 TGTCCATAAAATGCGGTCAA TAAAAGCCCACCCTCAATCA 232 g47 (TGTT)5 GAAATCCGTGAAAGGTCGAA TGTACAAACCCACCTCCCTT 193 g48 (TCGA)5 AAGAAGCTCGGCCTCTGATT TACCTTCGCGGATTGTTTTC 204 g49 (TGTA)5 TACAACGGGTTATCCAAGCC GGTGCAAATACAAGGTTCGTG 190 g50 (TATG)5 TGGTTGGAAAAGTCATTCACTC TCAACACCGAACCGACAATA 143 g51 (TATT)8 AAATCTTTGATGAATGCGGC GAAGAATCCCAATTGAGCCA 186 g52 (TATG)5 GCCTCACCTGAAGACGGTAG TACATATGCGATTGGGCCTT 155 g53 (TCAA)5 CCGGTCACTCTCACATGCTA CCATCACAGACGACGAAAGA 148 g54 (ATTT)5 ATTAAAGAGTGTGCAGGCGG AAGCAACAACGTCGGAAAAT 153 g55 (TAAAA)5 AACGACTAGCGATTCCATGA TGTGGGATGTAACAAGGCAA 182 g56 (AAAAG)5 GAGTATTTGGAGCGAAAGCG TGAACACTTGTATCCGTCGC 119 g57 (ACCAA)5 CTCTTTCCTTTTCACCGCAC TTCGTCTAGATCTTCGCCGT 173 g58 (TAAAA)5 GGGTTCGTTTTGCATTTAACTC CAGGACCTTTGATTTTGGTCA 183 g59 (ACCCG)5 CTGCCGGAATCAAAATGAAT CTTTAATGGTGGCAATGGCT 166 g60 (CACCC)5 TGCTTACACTTCCGTGCAAC ATGTTAGCTCCAGTTGGGCA 189 g61 (AAAAG)5 CATGGATAAACCCGTTTTGG TTTTCTCTTTCTGTTTCGCCA 170 g62 (GTCAAA)6 GTCGCAAGAACTTCCAAAGC TCCACCGACTTTGACTTTCA 237 g63 (CGTCTT)6 TTGCAAATGCAAATCCAATC AAACAGCAGTGGTGGTTTCC 175 g64 (AATGGG)6 CGCTTCCTCCTACAACAAGC GTGTCCCCACCATTCAAGTT 163 g65 (TGCTCC)6 AGCTTGCCATGGTTATGGTC GGCTTAAAAGATCCCCAAGG 231
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表 4 非洲菊新品种（系）及鉴定引物
Table 4. SSR primers for identifying new gerbera cultivars/strains
品种（系）名称
Cultivar/Strain材料
Material母本
Female parent父本
Male parent鉴定引物
Primer for identification明卉粉黛
Minghuifendai粉色花瓣、浅色花心非洲菊新品种
New cultivar with pink petal, light color in the center of inflorescence玲珑
Rosalin水粉
Ellymayg24 明卉红颜
Minghuihongyan红色花瓣、深色花心非洲菊新品系
New strains with red petal, dark color in the center of inflorescence红胜利
Hongshengli云南红
Yunnanhongg04 魅粉
Meifen粉色花瓣、深色花心、拉丝非洲菊新品系
New spider strains with pink petal, dark color in the center of inflorescence拉丝6号
Spider NO. 6拉丝4号
Spider NO. 4g44 幻彩
Huancai橙黄复色花瓣、深色花心非洲菊新品系
New strains with orange and yellow petal, dark color in the center of inflorescence晨光
Chenguang菲比
Febeg39
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