潮汐灌溉对番茄苗期生长及基质水分耗散的影响

潘可可; 王克磊; 苏世闻; 朱隆静; 徐坚; 陈发兴

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2023.07.007

潮汐灌溉对番茄苗期生长及基质水分耗散的影响

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2023.07.007

1.
温州市农业科学研究院/温州市设施蔬菜工程技术中心/浙南作物育种重点实验室，浙江　温州 325000
2.
福建农林大学园艺学院，福建　福州 350018

基金项目: 国家现代农业产业技术体系专项资金项目（CARS-23）；温州市重大科技创新攻关项目（ZN2022003）

详细信息

作者简介:
潘可可（1980 —），男，硕士，助理研究员，主要从事蔬菜工厂化育苗研究，E-mail：52758597@qq.com

通讯作者:
王克磊（1982 —），男，副教授，主要从事设施蔬菜生理生态研究，E-mail：wangklwz@qq.com

中图分类号: S641.2
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-12-22
- 修回日期: 2023-04-23
- 网络出版日期: 2023-07-16
- 刊出日期: 2023-07-28

Effects of Ebb-and-flow Irrigation on Tomato Seedling Growth and Substrate Water-dissipation

1.
Wenzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Wenzhou Controlled-Environment Vegetable Engineering Center/Southern Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325014, China
2.
College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350018, China

摘要

摘要: 目的研究潮汐灌溉方式下番茄幼苗生长及根系抗氧化酶活性变化和基质水分耗散规律，为番茄潮汐灌溉育苗技术的推广应用提供科学依据。方法以番茄瓯秀201为试材，设置潮汐灌溉和顶部洒水灌溉2种方式，分析2种灌溉方式下番茄幼苗生长和根系生理指标的变化，拟合潮汐灌溉方式下基质水分耗散规律。结果潮汐灌溉方式下，穴盘质量与气温、空气相对湿度呈线性关系，相关系数分别为−0.846、0.920；穴盘质量减少量与气温、空气相对湿度呈线性关系，相关系数分别为0.966、−0.853。与顶部洒水灌溉相比，在番茄4叶1心时，潮汐灌溉下番茄根系鲜质量、干质量、根系体积、根系长度分别提高44.81%、45.91%、93.81%、9.41%；潮汐灌溉下番茄根系抗氧化酶活性显著高于顶部洒水灌溉处理，而丙二醛（MDA）含量却显著下降；潮汐灌溉下番茄幼苗的净光合速率（P_n）和气孔导度（G_s）均显著高于顶部洒水灌溉处理。结论潮汐灌溉下基质的水分吸收与耗散与气温、空气相对湿度显著相关，潮汐灌溉可显著促进番茄幼苗生长，使番茄根系保持较高生长活性，有利于番茄植株保持较高的光合能力。
- 番茄 /
- 潮汐灌溉 /
- 生长 /
- 基质水分耗散
Abstract: Objective Growth and root physiology of tomato seedlings and water-dissipation of substrate under ebb-and-flow irrigation in tray cultivation were studied. Methods Growth and root physiology of Ouxiu 201 Tomato seedlings as well as dissipation of moisture in the substrate irrigated by either ebb-and-flow or sprinkling method were monitored in a greenhouse experimentation. Results Under the ebb-and-flow irrigation, the seedling tray weight correlated linearly with the greenhouse temperature at a correlation coefficient of −0.846 and with the RH at 0.920. The weight loss due to evaporation increased with rising temperature at a coefficient of 0.966 and RH at −0.853. In comparison to sprinkling, the ebb-and-flow irrigation resulted in higher fresh weight, dry weight, volume, and length of roots at 4-leaves-and-one-bud stage of the seedlings by 44.81%, 45.91%, 93.81%, and 9.41%, respectively, and significantly elevated antioxidant enzyme activity of the roots as well as the Pn, and Gs of the plant, but significantly lower MDA content. Conclusion In the tray cultivation of tomato seedlings, the gain and loss of water in the substrate significantly correlated with the ambient temperature and RH under the ebb-and-flow irrigation which enhanced the seedling growth and fostered a vital root system with robust photosynthesis.
- Tomato /
- ebb-and-flow irrigation /
- growth /
- substrate water dissipation

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图 1 晴天和阴天潮汐灌溉下穴盘质量及减少量在8：00 —17：00的变化

Figure 1. Tomato seedling tray weight and water loss in sunny or cloudy day under ebb-and-flow irrigation from 8 a.m. to 5 p.m.

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图 2 潮汐灌溉下穴盘质量与气温、空气相对湿度的相关性

Figure 2. Correlation between seedling tray weight and ambient temperature and RH under ebb-and-flow irrigation

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图 3 潮汐灌溉下穴盘质量减少量与气温、空气相对湿度的相关性

Figure 3. Correlation between seedling tray weight loss and ambient temperature and RH under ebb-and-flow irrigation

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表 1 潮汐灌溉对番茄幼苗生长的影响

Table 1. Effect of ebb-and-flow irrigation on growth of tomato seedlings

处理 Treatment	株高 Height/cm	茎粗 Stem diameter/mm	根系鲜质量 Root fresh weight/g	根系干质量 Root dry weight/g	叶片鲜质量 Leaf fresh weight/g	叶片干质量 Leaf dry weight/g
潮汐灌溉 Ebb-and-flow irrigation（EFI）	19.63±1.21 a	3.137±0.03 a	0.824±0.04 a	0.057±0.00 a	4.456±0.14 a	0.266±0.01 a
顶部洒水灌溉 Top sprinkler irrigation（TSI）	17.47±0.60 b	2.867±0.04 b	0.569±0.04 b	0.039±0.00 b	3.046±0.06 b	0.175±0.01 b
同列数值不同字母表示差异达显著水平（P＜0.05）。下同。 Different letters within a same column indicate significant difference at 0.05 level. The same as below.

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表 2 潮汐灌溉对番茄幼苗根系形态的影响

Table 2. Effect of ebb-and-flow irrigation on tomato root morphology

处理 Treatment	总根长 Total root length/cm	总表面积 Total surface area/cm²	根系总体积 Total root volume/cm³	平均直径 Average diameter/mm	根尖数 Number of tips/个	根冠比 Root-to-shoot ratio
潮汐灌溉 Ebb-and-flow irrigation（EFI）	1719.23±91.712 a	392.79±10.565 a	132.35±4.783 a	0.279±0.0074 a	1173±60.982 a	0.2151±0.021 a
顶部洒水灌溉 Top sprinkler irrigation（TSI）	1057.73±84.182 b	339.75±23.073 a	68.29±5.451 b	0.255±0.0058 b	783±79.915 b	0.1908±0.013 b

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表 3 潮汐灌溉对番茄幼苗根系保护酶活性的影响

Table 3. Effect of ebb-and-flow irrigation on protective enzyme activities in roots of tomato seedlings

处理 Treatment	SOD活性 SOD activity/ （U·g⁻¹）	POD活性 POD activity/ （U·g⁻¹·min⁻¹）	CAT活性 CAT activity/ （U·g⁻¹·min⁻¹）	GR活性 GR activity/ （μmol·mg⁻¹·min⁻¹）	APX活性 APX activity/ （μmol·mg⁻¹·min⁻¹）	MDA含量 MDA content/ （μmol·g⁻¹）
潮汐灌溉 Ebb-and-flow irrigation（EFI）	96.66±3.45 a	705.67±27.96 a	10.68±0.80 a	22.21±1.28 a	11.20±1.26 a	3.63±0.23 b
顶部洒水灌溉 Top sprinkler irrigation（TSI）	85.63±4.84 b	603.23±28.96 a	9.03±0.62 b	15.16±1.88 b	8.74±0.87 b	3.87±0.28 a

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表 4 潮汐灌溉对番茄幼苗光合性能和根系活力的影响

Table 4. Effect of ebb-and-flow irrigation on photosynthesis and protective enzyme activities of tomato seedlings

处理 Treatment	叶绿素含量 Chlorophyll content/ （SPAD）	光合速率P_n/ （μmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹）	气孔导度G_s/ （mmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹）	蒸腾速率T_r/ （mmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹）	根系活力 Root activity/（μg·g⁻¹·h⁻¹）
Ebb-and-flow irrigation潮汐灌溉（EFI）	26.70±1.09 b	12.30±1.07 a	0.774±0.09 a	1.67±0.13 a	78.93±3.50 a
顶部洒水灌溉 Top sprinkler irrigation（TSI）	28.66±0.82 a	8.81±0.81 a	0.606±0.07 b	1.34±0.09 b	69.14±2.54 b

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表 5 不同指标的相关性

Table 5. Correlation coefficient evaluation between morphological and physiological parameters

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17
1	1.000
2	0.891	1.000
3	0.797	0.813	1.000
4	0.711	0.900	0.930^*	1.000
5	0.821	0.909^*	0.978^**	0.974^**	1.000
6	0.759	0.930^*	0.935^*	0.993^**	0.981^**	1.000
7	0.945^*	0.897	0.810	0.817	0.844	0.826	1.000
8	0.545	0.304	0.827	0.688	0.710	0.640	0.812^*	1.000
9	0.964^**	0.921^*	0.890	0.864	0.918^*	0.876	0.981^**	0.803^*	1.000
10	0.823	0.861	0.846	0.814	0.900	0.834	0.591	0.363	0.688	1.000
11	0.840	0.821	0.943*	0.831	0.916^*	0.879	0.712	0.657	0.769	0.706	1.000
12	0.837	0.930^*	0.785	0.897	0.880	0.884	0.921^**	0.654	0.943^**	0.740	0.889^**	1.000
13	0.920^*	0.993^**	0.828	0.898	0.910^*	0.923^*	0.777	0.528	0.844^*	0.494	0.815^**	0.843^**	1.000
14	0.888	0.976^**	0.809	0.908^*	0.895	0.919^*	0.945^**	0.668	0.959^**	0.729	0.803^**	0.909^**	0.850^**	1.000
15	0.935^*	0.846	0.759	0.637	0.798	0.703	0.772	0.512	0.864^*	0.682	0.773^**	0.813^**	0.846^**	0.820^**	1.000
16	0.588^*	0.926*	0.862	0.803	0.891	0.866	0.865_*	0.630	0.921^**	0.708	0.850^**	0.842^**	0.863^**	0.903^**	0.812^**	1.000
17	0.666^*	0.987^**	0.812	0.849	0.888	0.896	0.935^**	0.695	0.932^**	0.756	0.892^**	0.904^**	0.787^**	0.897^**	0.851^**	0.877^**	1.000
1~17分别表示第一行的17个指标。 1-17 represents the 17 indicators in the first row, respectively.

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