Morphological Differentiations on Antennae of Male and Female Dendrolimus houi
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摘要:
目的 探究柳杉毛虫成虫雌雄个体触角超微形态及性别差异,为研究柳杉毛虫不同寄主的搜索、定位能力以及化学感知机制差异奠定基础。 方法 利用扫描电子显微镜对初羽化雌雄成虫的触角普通形态以及超微形态进行观察与比较。 结果 柳杉毛虫雌雄成虫的触角均为黄褐色,雄蛾羽毛状,雌蛾短栉齿状;雌雄成虫共有6类13种感器,包括毛形感器2种、锥形感器1种、刺形感器3种、栓锥形感器3种、腔锥形感器2种、Bőhm氏鬃毛2种。成虫触角感器具有性二型现象,主要表现为锥形感器为雌蛾触角特有,毛形感器 Ⅱ 型为雄蛾触角特有;此外,雄蛾触角侧枝腹面毛形感器 Ⅰ 型排列较整齐,在长度、数量上与雌蛾差异显著(P<0.05),通常6~8根排成一排,中间间隔处散布1~2根毛形感器 Ⅱ 型,而雌成虫侧枝腹面毛形感器 Ⅰ 型排列则无规律。 结论 柳杉毛虫雌雄成虫触角在普通形态上大体相似,但在侧枝的长度以及宽度上存在显著差异;二者多数感器在类型、结构与数量上相同,但锥形感器和毛形感器 Ⅱ 型分别是雌雄成虫各自特有的感器,并在感器类型及数量上具有显著差异,可能在其寄主与配偶定位、产卵等方面发挥重要作用。 Abstract:Objective Antennae of Dendrolimus houi were examined under a scanning electron microscope (SEM) for the morphological differences that might relate to functional differentiations between the male and female moths. Methods SEM images of the antennae of newly emerged male and female D. houi were obtained for an ultrastructural comparison. Results The yellowish brown antennae of the male pine moths had a feather-like appearance, while that of the female resembled a short-tooth-comb. They both had 13 distinctive types of sensilla in 6 classifications including 2 sensilla trichodea, 1 sensilla basiconica, 3 sensilla chaetica, 3 sensilla styloconica, 2 sensilla coeloconica, and 2 Bőhm bristles. The sexual dimorphism on adult D. houi was evident by the sensilla basiconica of the females and the sensilla trichodea Ⅱ of the males shown on the antenna surface. In addition, there were more numerous and longer 6-8 sensilla trichodea Ⅰ that were orderly aligned in a row with 1-2 sensilla trichodea Ⅱ in between on the abdomen of the lateral branches of the male antenna than those of the female organ (P<0.05). Conclusion The ultrastructure of the moth antennae revealed by SEM displayed the significant differences between the male and female D. houi on the length and quantity of the lateral branch sensilla trichodea Ⅰ. The fact that sensilla basiconica existed only on the female moths and the sensilla trichodea Ⅱ exclusively on the male adults might be indicative of distinctive roles of them in host-selection, mating behavior, or other biological functions of the insect species. -
表 1 柳杉毛虫触角结构
Table 1. Structure of D. houi antenna
成虫性别
Adult sex触角长度
Antennal length鞭亚节 Flagellate nodes 侧枝 Lateral branch 长度
length/μm数量
number长度
length/μm宽度
width/μm雌 Male 14.78±1.21 a 152.65±6.48 a 77.00±2.24 a 821.17±139.46b 71.83±4.88 a 雄 Female 15.34±0.61 a 173.50±7.19 a 78.71±2.12 a 1803.76±133.12 a 64.27±4.61 b 表中数据为平均值±标准差,同列数据后不同小写字母表示同一触角特征数据在雌雄间差异显著(P<0.05,t 检验),下同。
Datas are mean ± standard deviation; those with different lowercase letters on same column indicate significant difference on traits of male and female antennae (P<0.05, t test). Same for below.表 2 柳杉毛虫触角不同类型感器形态
Table 2. Sensilla morphology of D. houi antennae
感器类型
Sensilla type性别
Sensilla type长度
Length/μm基部直径
Base diameter/μm腔直径
Cavity diameter/μm感器总数
Total number毛形感器 Ⅰ 型( ST Ⅰ) ♀ 42.23±3.28 b 3.74±0.24 b — 39278.24±4266.80 b ♂ 88.64±7.10 a 4.79±0.13 a — 62745.91±9411.59 a 毛形感器 Ⅱ 型(ST Ⅱ) ♀ — — — — ♂ 29.70±3.60 2.83±0.07 — 18580.36±1725.42 锥形感器(SB) ♀ 58.02±5.89 3.06±0.24 — 249.14±10.19 ♂ — — — — 刺形感器(SCH) ♀ 75.09±2.60 a 8.40±0.38 a — 281.57±6.07 a ♂ 72.53±2.23 b 7.40±0.31 b — 283.00±6.78 a 栓锥形感器(SST) ♀ 66.70±6.25 a 12.94±1.28 a — 121.29±4.20 a ♂ 64.24±3.19 a 13.44±1.02 a — 123.17±4.36 a 腔锥形感器(SCO) ♀ — — 12.69±1.19 a 1252.53±201.71 a ♂ — — 14.85±0.49 b 1217.38±210.94 a Bőhm氏鬃毛 Ⅰ 型(BB Ⅰ) ♀ 73.6±4.68 a 3.45±0.18 b — — ♂ 71.90±4.24 a 4.17±0.24 a — — Bőhm氏鬃毛 Ⅱ 型(BB Ⅱ) ♀ 47.61±3.63 a 4.06±0.13 a — — ♂ 52.34±2.27 b 3.95±0.51 a — — -
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