温度对红肩瓢虫<i>Harmonia dimidiate</i> Fabricius生长发育的影响

孙莉; 陈霞; 郑涵靑; 王智卿; 方桂花

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2023.06.012

温度对红肩瓢虫Harmonia dimidiate Fabricius生长发育的影响

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2023.06.012

孙莉^1,,
陈霞^1, ,,
郑涵靑¹,
王智卿²,
方桂花³

1.
福建省农业科学院植物保护研究所/福建省农作物害虫天敌资源工程技术研究中心/福建省作物有害生物绿色防控工程研究中心，福建福州　350001
2.
泉州市农业农村局种子站，福建泉州　362000
3.
泉州市农业科学研究所，福建泉州　362000

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划（2021YFD1400800）；福建省自然科学基金项目(2022J01456、2020J011355)；福建省科技计划公益类专项(2020R1024001、2020R1024006)；福建省农业科学院科技创新团队建设项目（CXTD2021016）；福建省农业高质量发展超越“5511”协同创新工程项目（XTCXGC2021011）；福建省农业科学院农业科技专项（YDXM2021002、ZYTS2021005）；福建省农业科学院对外合作项目（DWHZ2022-19）

详细信息

作者简介:
孙莉（1986 —），女，硕士，助理研究员，研究方向：生物防治（E-mail：215860250@qq.com）

通讯作者:
陈霞（1975 —），女，硕士，副研究员，研究方向：生物防治（E-mail: 405593754@qq.com）

中图分类号: S435
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-11-04
- 修回日期: 2023-04-13
- 网络出版日期: 2023-05-24
- 刊出日期: 2023-06-28

Effect of Ambient Temperature on Growth and Development of Harmonia dimidiata Fabricius

1.
Fujian Engineering Research Center for Green Pest Management/ Research Center of Engineering and Technology of Natural Enemy Resource of Crop Pest in Fujian/Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian　350001, China
2.
Seed Station of Quanzhou Agriculture and Rural Bureau, Quanzhou, Fujian　362000, China
3.
Quanzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Quanzhou, Fujian　362000, China

摘要

摘要: 目的研究温度对红肩瓢虫（Harmonia dimidiate Fabricius）生长发育的影响，探讨其大量扩繁及生防应用的适宜温度。方法以地中海粉螟（Ephestia kuehniella Zeller）卵为饲料，设置15、20、25、30和32 ℃等5个温度处理，研究温度对红肩瓢虫各阶段发育历期及存活率影响，采用最小二乘法测算红肩瓢虫各发育阶段的发育起点温度和有效积温，采用线性日度方程模拟温度与红肩瓢虫发育速率间的关系。结果 20～30 ℃的温度范围适于红肩瓢虫卵的孵化，孵化率均达85%以上；发育至成虫的总存活率以20 ℃时最高，达87.50%，其次为25 ℃（82.50%）＞30 ℃（77.50%）＞32 ℃（45.00%）＞15 ℃（35.00%），可见15 ℃低温和32 ℃高温均不适宜红肩瓢虫存活。15～32 ℃范围内，红肩瓢虫均可完成发育，温度升高发育速率加快、发育历期缩短，20～32 ℃区间内各处理间的总发育历期均无显著性差异，而15 ℃时极显著长于其他温度处理，说明15 ℃低温不适宜红肩瓢虫生长发育。红肩瓢虫各发育阶段中，2龄幼虫的发育起点温度最高，为12.74 ℃，蛹期最低，为9.24 ℃，从卵至成虫整个发育历期的发育起点温度和有效积温分别为9.87 ℃和324.82日·度。结论综合存活率与发育历期，以地中海粉螟卵为饲料，20～30 ℃为红肩瓢虫生长发育的适宜温度，本研究结果为红肩瓢虫的大量扩繁和生防应用条件提供了参考，发育起点温度和有效积温的测算也为红肩瓢虫的滞育研究提供了依据。
- 红肩瓢虫 /
- 温度 /
- 发育速率 /
- 发育起点温度 /
- 有效积温
Abstract: Objective Effect of ambient temperature on the growth and development of Harmonia dimidiata Fabricius was studied to determine the condition to encourage the beetle reproduction for serving as a biocontrol agent in the field. Method H. dimidiata were fed on Ephestia kuehniella Zellerwere eggs and reared under a controlled temperature between 15 ℃ and 32 ℃ in a chamber to monitor the temperature effect on the development and survival of the predator. Threshold temperatures for developmental stages and effective accumulated temperature for growth were estimated by the least square method. Relationship between the chamber temperature and the beetle development was simulated with a linear diurnal equation. Result The optimal egg hatching of H. dimidiata with a greater than 85% hatchability took place between 20 ℃ and 30 ℃. At 20 ℃, the rate of 87.5% for the beetles to reach adulthood was the highest. It was followed by 25 ℃ (82.50%)＞30 ℃ (77.50%)＞32 ℃ (45.00%)＞15 ℃ (35.00%). Either low temperature of 15 ℃ or high of 32 ℃ inhibited the growth of the beetles, but within that range, the development could still be completed with the rate hastened and the time shortened by increasing the ambient temperature. There was no significant difference in the time for entire beetle development in between 20 ℃ and 32 ℃. On the other hand, the duration was extremely significantly prolonged at 15 ℃ as considerable hindrance was imposed on the growth by low temperature. The threshold temperatures for various developmental stages of H. dimidiata were found to be at the highest level for the 2nd instar larvae at 12.74 ℃, the lowest for the pupal stage at 9.24 ℃, and for the egg-hatching at 9.87 ℃. The effective accumulated temperature required for the growth to maturity of a beetle was 324.82 d· ℃. Conclusion Ambient temperature significantly affected the development, growth, and survival of H. dimidiata. Based on the survival rate and development time of H. dimidiate reared on E. kuehniella eggs for feed, 20-30 ℃ was determined to be the temperature range for optimal reproduction. The information obtained on the physiology of the predator would aid in the rearing as a potentially valuable biocontrol agent as well as in studying diapause of H. dimidiata.
- Harmonia dimidiate Fabricius /
- temperature /
- development rate /
- developmental threshold temperature /
- effective accumulated temperature

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图 1 红肩瓢虫发育速率与温度的关系

A: 卵 ; B:1龄幼虫; 2龄幼虫； D：3龄幼虫 3rd instar；E：4龄幼虫；F：蛹；G：总历期。

Figure 1. Relationship between H. dimidiata development rate and temperature

A: Egg; B: 1st instar; C: 2nd instar; D: 3rd instar; E: 4th instar; F: pupa; G: total duration.

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表 1 温度对红肩瓢虫各发育阶段存活的影响

Table 1. Effect of temperature on survival of H. dimidiata at development stages

温度 Temperature/℃	不同发育阶段的存活率 Survival rates of different developmental stages/%
温度 Temperature/℃	卵孵化率 Hatching rate	1龄 1^st instar	2龄 2^nd instar	3龄 3^rd instar	4龄 4^th instar	蛹 Pupa	总存活率 Total survival rate
15±1	72.29	75.00	83.33	88.00	90.90	70.00	35.00
20±1	85.87	100.00	87.50	100.00	100.00	100.00	87.50
25±1	95.56	97.50	92.31	91.67	100.00	100.00	82.50
30±1	95.06	87.50	97.14	100.00	97.06	93.94	77.50
32±1	61.54	67.50	92.59	96.00	83.33	90.00	45.00

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表 2 红肩瓢虫在不同温度下的发育历期

Table 2. Development duration of H. dimidiata under different temperatures

温度 Temperature/ ℃	不同发育阶段的发育历期 Developmental duration of different developmental stages/d
温度 Temperature/ ℃	卵 Egg	1龄 1^st instar	2龄 2^nd instar	3龄 3^rd instar	4龄 4^th instar	蛹 Pupa	总历期 Total duration
15±1	7.66±0.05Aa	12.87±0.25Aa	8.56±0.33Aa	10.23±0.33Aa	24.08±0.99Aa	16.25±0.28Aa	76.50±0.91Aa
20±1	4.05±0.02Bb	2.85±0.04Bb	2.90±0.05Bb	3.36±0.11Bb	7.47±0.15Bb	8.51±0.13Bb	29.10±0.23Bb
25±1	2.78±0.04Cc	2.71±0.11Bb	2.07±0.12Cc	2.36±0.11Cc	5.42±0.11Cc	4.95±0.09Cc	20.08±0.19Cc
30±1	1.75±0.04Ee	1.70±0.06Cc	1.18±0.04Dd	1.81±0.06Cc	4.77±0.10Cc	4.66±0.05CDc	15.89±0.11Dd
32±1	2.36±0.06Dd	1.41±0.07Cc	1.36±0.05Dd	2.31±0.21Cc	4.43±0.11Cc	4.06±0.16Dd	15.75±0.36Dd
表中数据为M±SE（平均数±标准误），同列数据后不同大小写字母分别表示在0.01水平和0.05水平差异显著(Tukey法检验)。 Datas are mean±standard error; those with same capital and lowercase letters on the same column indicate significant difference at 0.01 and 0.05 levels, respectively, by Tukey analysis.

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表 3 红肩瓢虫发育速率与温度的关系模型

Table 3. Mathematic model on relationship between H. dimidiata development rate and temperature

发育阶段 Developmental Stage	线性日度模型 Linear diumal model
发育阶段 Developmental Stage	回归方程 Regression e quation	相关系数r Correlation coefficient	P	F
卵 Egg	0.0219T-0.1883	0.9146	0.0296	15.34
1龄 1^st instar	0.0336T-0.4015	0.9710	0.0059	49.56
2龄 2^nd instar	0.0406T-0.4854	0.9679	0.0069	44.56
3龄 3^rd instar	0.0224T-0.1847	0.9100	0.032	14.45
4龄 4^th instar	0.0102T-0.0910	0.9680	0.0068	44.71
蛹 Pupa	0.0106T-0.0915	0.9794	0.0035	70.57
总历期 Total duration	0.0030T-0.0284	0.9864	0.0019	108.45

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表 4 红肩瓢虫各虫态发育起点温度和有效积温

Table 4. Threshold temperatures and effective accumulated temperatures for H. dimidiate development at various stages

发育阶段 Developmental Stage	相关系数r Correlation coefficient	发育起点温度C Developmental threshold temperature/℃	有效积温K Effective accumulated temperature/ (d·℃)
卵 Egg	0.9146	11.18	38.15
1龄 1^st instar	0.9710	12.65	28.04
2龄 2^nd instar	0.9680	12.74	23.07
3龄 3^rd instar	0.9100	11.04	37.03
4龄 4^th instar	0.9680	9.86	91.44
蛹 Pupa	0.9794	9.24	90.12
总历期 Total duration	0.9864	9.87	324.82

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