Effects of Ground-covering Reflective Film on Coloration and Quality of Kyoho Grapes
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摘要:
目的 研究避雨栽培条件下葡萄园地面覆盖反光膜(银白色镀铝塑料膜)对巨峰葡萄果实色泽及品质的综合影响。 方法 在福建省建瓯市小松镇,以3年生避雨栽培巨峰葡萄为试材,于果实转色初期行间地面覆盖反光膜,比较覆膜对果实成熟过程中果穗上下部果粒着色、花色苷含量、果粒纵横经、果形指数、可溶性固形物含量、糖组分及总酸含量等的影响。 结果 地面覆盖反光膜有利于巨峰葡萄提早转色,促进果穗上下部着色一致,果皮花色苷含量显著提高;覆膜后果穗不同部位的果粒硬度值提升67.30%以上,单粒质量提升26.79%以上;果粒呈椭圆形或长圆形,可以良好体现巨峰葡萄粒形性状;覆膜后巨峰葡萄的总糖和糖组分含量较对照有不同程度提升且果穗下部糖含量提升明显;处理较对照组可溶性固形物含量略有提升但差异不显著。 结论 避雨栽培巨峰葡果实成熟前30 d行间铺设反光膜可有效促进果穗下部果粒转色,果实着色均匀一致,果皮花色苷含量提升,果实品质稳定,可在生产中进一步推广应用。 Abstract:Objective Effects of placing a sunlight-reflecting film on the ground on the coloration and quality of Kyoho grapes were studied. Method In a rain shelter at Xiaosong Town, Jian 'ou City, Fujian, 3-year-old Kyoho grape vines were cultivated. In between rows, a silver-white aluminized plastic film was placed on the ground starting from the initiation of fruit color change till maturity. Effects of the film application on color of the grapes on upper and lower parts of a bunch as well as the anthocyanin content, longitudinal and transverse longitudes, shape index, as well as the contents of soluble solids, sugars, and total acid of the fruits during the ripening process were monitored. Results The ground-covering reflective film hastened the grape color formation, evened the color development of individual fruits on a cluster, and significantly increased the anthocyanin content in the peel. The firmness of the grapes increased by more than 67.30%, while the individual fruit weight rose by more than 26.79%. A uniform typical oval or oblong Kyoho grape shape was obtained on the vines. Although a slight increase on the soluble solids in the fruits by the film application was observed, it was not significant. Conclusion Covering ground with the reflective film 30d prior to fruit maturation significantly facilitated Kyoho grape vines in achieving the desirable uniformity on fruit color development and shape formation in a rain shelter. In addition, the application significantly increased anthocyanin content in the peel that could materially intensify the color enhancing the visual and bioactivity quality of the grapes for marketing. -
Key words:
- Reflective film /
- Kyoho grape /
- fruit color /
- quality
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图 1 反光膜覆盖对巨峰葡萄花色苷含量的影响
WT1:对照上部;T1:处理上部;WT2:对照下部 T2:处理下部;同列数据后不同大小写字母分别表示同一采样时间不同处理间差异达极显著水平(P<0.01)和显著水平(P<0.05)。图2~4同。
Figure 1. Effect of film application on anthocyanin content of Kyoho grapes
WT1: Upper part of a cluster on vines of control group; T1: upper part of a cluster on treatment vines; WT2 : lower part of a cluster on vines of control group; T2:lower part of a cluster on treatment vines.Data with different uppercase and owercase letters on same column indicate extremely significant differences (P< 0.01) and significant level (P<0.05) at the same sampling time. Same for Figs. 2-4.
表 1 反光膜覆盖对巨峰葡萄花后98 d果皮着色的影响
Table 1. Effect of film application on skin color of Kyoho grapes (98 d after flowering)
处理 Treatment L a b C H a/b T1 28.75±0.85Bc 4.27±1.32Bb −1.21±0.75Cc 4.96±1.28Bb 345.13±1.37Aa −3.53±0.88Cc T2 28.89±1.02Bc 4.75±0.95Aa −1.33±0.83Dd 6.37±1.65Aa 338.49±1.51Aa −3.57±0.65Cc WT1 29.78±0.74Aa 3.40±1.54Cc −1.15±1.12Bb 3.67±1.43Cc 331.52±2.64Bb −2.96±2.31Bb WT2 29.60±1.10Ab 2.74±1.46Dd −1.08±0.97Aa 3.16±1.77Dd 315.24±3.21Cc −2.54±2.74Aa 表格中横向第一行的数据L(黑白)、a(红绿)、b(黄蓝)、C(饱和值)、H(色调角)、a/b(综合色相)分别代表果实色差的不同指标值,表格内数据为巨峰葡萄最后一次采样的测定数据。同列数据后不同大小写字母分别表示同一采样时间不同处理间差异达极显著水平(P<0.01)和显著水平(P<0.05)。表2~3同。
Data of L (black and white), a (red and green), b (yellow and blue), c (saturation value), H (hue angle), and a/b (comprehensive hue) shown on first horizontal line represent chromatic values on color difference of fruit. Data are from final sampling on grapes; those with different uppercase and lowercase letters on same columnindicate extremely significant differences (p<0.01) and significant level (p<0.05) .Same for Table2-3.表 2 反光膜覆盖对巨峰葡萄花后98 d果粒质量等的影响
Table 2. Effect of film application on individual fruit weight of Kyoho grapes (98 d after flowering)
处理
Treatment果粒纵径
Longitudinal diameter/mm果粒横径
Cross diameter/mm果形指数
Fruit-type index果粒质量
Sing fruit weight /gT1 27.28ABb 25.15Bb 1.085Aa
10.30ABb T2 26.51Bb 24.79Bb 1.070Ab 9.93Bbc WT1 27.60Aa 26.05Aa 1.060Ab 10.73Aa WT2 26.67ABb 25.26Bb 1.056Ab 9.94Bc 表 3 地面覆膜对巨峰葡萄花后98 d果实糖酸含量的影响
Table 3. Effect of film application on sugar and acid contents of Kyoho grapes (98 d after flowering)
处理
Treatment葡萄糖含量
Glucose content/(mg·g-1)果糖含量
Fructose content/(mg·g-1)蔗糖含量
Sucrose content/(mg·g-1)可溶性固形物含量
Soluble solids content/%总酸
Total acid/%固酸比Solid-acid
ratioT1 72.49Aa 51.63Aa 1.79Aa 19.37ABa 0.17Bb 116.69Aa T2 68.88ABab 49.37Bbc 1.82Aa 19.46Aa 0.18Aa 109.33Bb WT1 68.09BCb 50.48ABab 1.69Bb 18.77ABab 0.19Aa 98.27Cc WT2 65.47Cc 48.69Bc 1.55Cc 17.33Bb 0.18Aa 95.22Dd -
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