不同耕作方式对寒地水稻产量品质及土壤有机质组分的影响

夏玉莹; 李红宇; 王志君; 范名宇; 赵海成; 孟凡荣; 任亿

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2023.05.003

不同耕作方式对寒地水稻产量品质及土壤有机质组分的影响

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2023.05.003

夏玉莹¹,
李红宇^{1, 2, ,},
王志君¹,
范名宇^{1, 2},
赵海成^{1, 2},
孟凡荣¹,
任亿¹

1.
黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院/黑龙江省现代农业栽培技术与作物种质改良重点实验室，黑龙江　大庆　163319
2.
农业农村部东北平原绿色低碳重点实验室，黑龙江　大庆　163319

基金项目: 中央支持地方高校改革发展资金人才培养项目（2022010006）

详细信息

作者简介:
夏玉莹（1997-），女，硕士研究生，研究方向：水稻高产优质栽培（E-mail：782715325@qq.com）

通讯作者:
李红宇（1979-），男，副教授，研究方向：水稻高产优质生理生态及遗传多样性研究（E-mail：ndrice@163.com）

中图分类号: S511
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-09-23
- 修回日期: 2023-03-01
- 网络出版日期: 2023-07-06
- 刊出日期: 2023-05-28

Effects of Tillage Methods on Rice Quality and Yield and Soil Organic Matters in Regions of Cold Climate in China

XIA Yuying¹,
LI Hongyu^{1, 2
, ,},
WANG Zhijun¹,
FAN Mingyu^{1, 2},
ZHAO Haicheng^{1, 2},
MENG Fanrong¹,
REN Yi¹

1.
College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University/Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Cultivation and Crop Germplasm Improvement, Daqing, Heilongjiang　163319, China
2.
Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in Northeastern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Daqing, Heilongjiang　163319, China

摘要

摘要: 目的探究不同耕作方式对寒地水稻产量品质以及土壤有机质含量的影响，实现寒地黑土可持续发展。方法采用单因素随机区组设计，测定4种耕作方式（秋翻春打浆、秋翻旋春打浆、秋翻旋秋打浆、原茬秋打浆）的水稻产量品质以及土壤腐殖质全碳、腐殖酸总碳、胡敏酸碳、富里酸碳、胡敏素碳等的含量。结果 4种耕作方式中，原茬秋打浆的腐殖质全碳、腐殖酸总碳、胡敏酸碳、富里酸碳和胡敏素碳含量高于其他处理，且2020年高于2019年，呈上升趋势。4种耕作方式对产量的影响差异极显著，其中翻旋秋打浆处理较秋翻旋、秋翻和原茬秋打浆3个处理的产量分别极显著提高1.45%、2.23%和1.50%。不同耕作方式之间稻米加工品质、外观品质和直链淀粉含量差异不显著，但综合两种秋打浆方式的主要品质比较，原茬秋打浆表现较好。结论秋翻旋秋打浆较其他耕作方式产量最高，适宜寒地水稻种植生产。原茬秋打浆有机质含量最高，对寒地稻田资源可持续利用具有深远意义。
- 寒地水稻 /
- 耕作方式 /
- 土壤 /
- 有机质
Abstract: Objective Effects of methods in tilling the field in the regions of cold climate in China on rice quality and yield as well as soil organic matters were investigated for improved cultivation. Method Four different methods of tillage after rice harvest in preparation for the following planting season including (A) turning ground soil over in autumn, (B) tilling ground in autumn and breaking soil clusters in following spring, (C) plowing ground and pulping spent straws into soil in autumn, (D) returning and pulping stubbles to ground in autumn were employed for the testing. Effects of these varied method on the quality and yield of rice grown on the lots and the organic matters in the soil (i.e., total carbon in humus, total carbon of humic substances, and carbons of humic acid, fulvic acid, and humins) were monitored for a single factor randomized block experiment. Results Of the tried tillage methods, (D) delivered the highest contents of humus-related carbons in soil on an increasing trend with time, as the indicators were higher in 2020 than in 2019. The rice yield under (C) was significantly higher by 1.45 % over (B), 2.23 % over (A) and 1.50 % over (D). There was no significant difference due to the varied tillage on the processed grain quality, such as appearance and amylose content. However, (D) seemed to be better than (C) in that regard. Conclusions Tilling by plowing ground and pulping spent straws into soil in autumn (C) benefit the rice production in the following season, which was, therefore, recommended for practicing in the cold regions, such as the northeastern part of China. In addition, since (D) brought about the greatest improvement on the content of organic matters in the field soil, an autumn turning and pulping ground soil with stubbles was deemed to bring about a far-reaching effect for sustainable ecology.
- Rice cultivation in cold climate region /
- tillage methods /
- soil /
- organic matters

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表 1 耕作方式对有机质组分含量的影响

Table 1. Effects of tillage methods on organic matters in soil （单位：g·kg⁻¹）

	处理 Treatment	腐殖质全碳 Humus total carbon	腐殖酸总碳 Total carbon humic acid	胡敏酸碳 Carbon humic acid	富里酸碳 Fulvic acid carbon	胡敏素碳 Humin carbon
2019年	秋翻B1	17.11±0.16 c	3.99±0.05 b	1.02±0.01 c	2.96±0.06 a	13.12±0.20 d
	秋翻旋B2	19.29±0.29 b	4.09±0.06 b	1.34±0.01 b	2.40±0.03 b	15.35±0.25 c
	翻旋秋打浆B3	21.84±0.08 a	2.85±0.04 c	1.00±0.01 c	2.00±0.17 c	17.79±0.10 a
	原茬秋打浆B4	21.27±0.17 a	4.53±0.00 a	1.48±0.02 a	2.80±0.02 a	16.38±0.17 b
2020年	秋翻B1	17.99±0.11 c	4.11±0.05 b	1.55±0.02 b	2.57±0.04 b	13.88±0.08 c
	秋翻旋B2	22.33±0.39 b	3.94±0.05 c	1.54±0.03 b	2.74±0.05 b	18.25±0.45 b
	翻旋秋打浆B3	21.80±0.14 b	4.05±0.04 bc	1.73±0.03 a	2.16±0.15 c	18.94±0.16 b
	原茬秋打浆B4	27.09±0.45 a	4.89±0.04 a	1.72±0.02 a	3.41±0.05 a	22.56±0.44 a
不同小写字母分别表示同一年份条件下不同耕作方式间的差异达到显著水平（P＜0.05），下同。 Data with different lowercase letters indicate significant difference on organic matters in same year under different tillage methods at P＜0.05. Same for below.

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表 2 2019年不同耕作方式对水稻产量及其构成因素的影响

Table 2. Rice production and yield components under varied tillage methods in 2019

处理 Treatment	穗数 Panicles/(穗·m⁻²)	穗粒数 Grains per panicle	结实率 Seed setting rate/%	千粒重 1000-grain weight/g	产量 Yield/(kg·hm⁻²)
秋翻B1	512.20±14.61 ab	79.02±1.64 b	82.73±2.29 a	24.95±0.31 b	8322.90±127.14 b
秋翻旋B2	431.60±31.45 c	95.17±2.67 a	80.76±3.67 a	25.30±0.41 ab	8117.80±204.29 b
翻旋秋打浆B3	535.60±22.73 a	81.89±4.18 b	83.31±1.61 a	25.92±0.10 a	8819.20±283.50 a
原茬秋打浆B4	468.00±24.33 bc	79.44±3.41 b	81.26±1.69 a	25.69±0.16 ab	8258.90±312.67 b

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表 3 2019年不同耕作方式对水稻主要品质指标的影响

Table 3. Major quality indicators of rice crops harvested under varied tillage methods in 2019

处理 Treatment	糙米率 Brown rice Rate/%	精米率 Milled rice rate/%	整精米率 Head rice Rate/%	垩白粒率 Chalkiness rate/%	垩白度 Chalkiness degree/%	蛋白质 Protein content/%	直链淀粉 Amylose content/%	食味值 Taste score
秋翻B1	74.76±0.69 a	65.02±0.57 a	60.33±0.82 a	7.40±0.25 a	4.03±0.10 a	7.30±0.00 d	17.67±0.26 a	77.49±0.75 a
秋翻旋B2	74.52±0.87 a	64.13±1.05 a	57.69±1.71 a	6.97±0.19 a	3.98±0.10 a	8.17±0.03 a	17.53±0.20 a	71.08±1.10 b
翻旋秋打浆B3	74.54±0.40 a	64.78±0.23 a	58.73±0.93 a	7.68±0.68 a	4.30±0.33 a	7.87±0.03 b	17.73±0.15 a	72.69±0.24 b
原茬秋打浆B4	74.69±0.13 a	65.35±0.10 a	60.56±0.17 a	8.35±1.46 a	4.70±0.90 a	7.53±0.03 c	17.77±0.19 a	76.75±1.15 a

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