优质、广适超甜玉米新品种闽双色6号的选育

廖长见; 张扬; 林建新; 滕振勇; 陈山虎; 林静; 卢和顶

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2023.05.001

优质、广适超甜玉米新品种闽双色6号的选育

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2023.05.001

1.
福建省农业科学院作物研究所/福建省特色旱作物品种选育工程技术研究中心，福建　福州　350013
2.
福建省种子总站，福建　福州　350003

基金项目: 福建省科技计划公益类专项（2020R1031005、2021R1031006）；福建省种业创新与产业化工程项目（zycxny2021006）；福建省科技重大专项（2020NZ08017）；福建省农业高质量发展超越“5511”协同创新工程项目（XTCXGC2021019）；福建省农业科学院科技创新团队建设项目（CXTD2021011-2）；福建省特色旱作物品种选育工程技术研究中心项目（闽科计［2017］13号）

详细信息

作者简介:
廖长见（1979−），男，副研究员，主要从事玉米遗传育种及栽培技术研究（E-mail：liaocj1978@163.com）

通讯作者:
卢和顶（1964−），男，研究员，主要从事玉米遗传育种及栽培技术研究（ E-mail: ymfaas@163.com）

中图分类号: S334
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-02-17
- 录用日期: 2023-04-24
- 修回日期: 2023-04-14
- 网络出版日期: 2023-05-24
- 刊出日期: 2023-05-28

Breeding of High-quality, Wide-adaptability Super-sweet Corn, Minshuangse No. 6

1.
Crop Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Technical Research Center of Dry Crop Variety Breeding in Fujian Province, Fuzhou, Fujian　350013, China
2.
Fujian Provincial Seed Station, Fuzhou, Fujian　350003, China

摘要

摘要: 目的选育品质优、产量高、抗倒性强、抗病性较强、耐热性好、适应性广的超甜玉米新品种。方法 2015年冬，应用 “温带种质×热带种质”的甜玉米杂种优势模式，利用福建省农业科学院作物研究所最新育成的热带种质黄色超甜玉米自交系闽甜系T146与温带种质白色超甜玉米自交系闽甜系AS67测交配组，培育黄白粒超甜玉米新品种闽双色6号。2018–2021年闽双色6号分别通过了国家东南区、西南区鲜食玉米科企联合体区域试验。并于2021和2022年在广东惠州和福建建瓯开展千亩示范。结果国家区试结果：产量方面，闽双色6号在2018-2019年东南区试中，两年平均鲜穗产量13587.8 kg·hm⁻²，比对照品种粤甜16号增产7.6%，增产点率80.9%。在西南区试中，两年平均鲜穗产量13505.3 kg·hm⁻²，比对照品种粤甜16号增产3.6%，增产点率70%。抗逆性方面，鲜食玉米品种闽双色6号在田间自然发病的情况下，中抗小斑病，中抗/高抗纹枯病，中抗/高抗瘤黑粉病，中抗茎腐病，中抗/感大斑病和南方锈病。接种鉴定结果表明，该品种感丝黑穗病，感/中抗小斑病，感瘤黑粉病，高感纹枯病，感/中抗南方锈病。品质方面，经专家鉴定，国家东南区试验综合评分89.2分，国家西南区试验综合评分86.8分，均优于对照品种粤甜16号（85.0分）；经扬州大学农学院理化品质检测，闽双色6号国家东南、西南两大区试平均皮渣率为11.8%，可溶性总糖含量为26.7%，还原糖含量为11.25%，优于对照品种粤甜16号的理化品质。分别于2020年和2022年通过国家农作物品种审定委员会审定（国审玉20200523、国审玉20220577 ）。惠州市马安镇千亩示范结果显示闽双色6号每公顷产量17982 kg，比对照增产5.9%，每公顷可增效7014元，品质品尝90.8分；建瓯市东游镇示范片每公顷产量18889.5 kg，比对照增产9.44%，每公顷可增效7173.6元，品质品尝为89.7分，均优于对照，且建议扩大该品种的推广和应用。结论闽双色6号很好地协调了品质与产量、抗性的关系，具有品质优、产量较高、抗倒性强、抗病性较强、耐热性较好、适应性广等优点，满足了生产上对优质高产新品种的需求，适宜在我国南方鲜食玉米种植区种植；闽双色6号的选育成功，再次证明“温带种质×热带种质”的杂种优势模式是甜玉米新品种选育的有效杂种优势利用模式。
- 甜玉米 /
- 品种选育 /
- 闽双色6号 /
- 特征特性
Abstract: Objective A new variety of super-sweet corn characterized with the desirable properties of high-quality, high-yield, wide-adaptability, and strong resistance to lodging, diseases, and hot climate was bred. Methods A tropical yellow-kernel, super-sweet inbred Mintian T146 line of corn germplasm was crossbred with Mintian AS67, a temperate white-kernel, super-sweet corn inbred line newly developed by the Crop Research Institute at Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences. The new variety of corn was submitted to regional trials followed by test production held in two regions in the nation. Results Super-sweet Minshuangse No. 6 bearing both yellow and white kernels on a cob was successfully bred in the winter of 2015. From 2018 to 2021, it was certified at the southeast and southwest regional trails for fresh consumption corn cultivars by the National Science and Enterprise Consortium. At the southeast regional trial from 2018 to 2019, Minshuangse No. 6 delivered an average fresh ear yield of 13,587.8 kg·hm⁻², which was 7.6% higher than that of the reference Yuetian No. 16 with a yield point rate of 80.9%. A similar yield of 13 505.3 kg·hm⁻² was shown at the southwest regional trial that was 3.6% higher than that of Yuetian 16 with a yield point rate of 70%. On the resistance to diseases under natural infectious conditions in the field, Minshuangse No. 6 was judged to be moderately resistant to the small spot disease, moderately to highly resistant to the grain wilt, moderately to highly resistant to the nodulation smuddery, moderately resistant to the stem rot, and moderately resistant to susceptible to the large spot disease and the southern rust. By artificial inoculation, it was identified to be susceptible to the head smut, susceptible to moderately resistant to the small spot, susceptible to the nodular smut, susceptible to the sheath blight, and susceptible to moderately resistant to the southern rust. In terms of quality, the comprehensive scores it received at the southeast regional trial was 89.2 and at the southwest 86.8, as compared to 85.0 for the reference. The physical and chemical quality analyses conducted by the Agricultural College at Yangzhou University indicated that the average residue percentage, total soluble sugars, and reducing sugars of the corn kernels sampled from Minshuangse No. 6 at the regional trials were 11.8%, 26.7%, and 11.25%, respectively. They were all higher than those of Yuetan 16. The new variety was officially granted certificates under the National Jade No. 20200523 in 2020 and the National jade No. 20220577 in 2022 by the National Crop Variety Certification Committee. In the 2021 and 2022 thousand-mu production tests, Minshuangse No. 6 had a production yield at Huizhou, Guangdong of 17 982 kg·hm⁻², representing an increase of 5.9% over control and an improved revenue of 7 014 yuan·hm⁻². And it scored higher than the reference at 90.8 on sensory evaluation. The results of the trial held at Jianou, Fujian, Minshuangse No. 6 showed a yield of 18 889.5 kg·hm^-2, which was 9.44% higher than that of reference and 7 173.6 yuan·hm⁻² more on revenue. It received 89.7 on the sensory score, which was also higher than the reference. Conclusion Minshuangse No. 6 displayed superior quality, yield, adaptability, and resistance to lodging, diseases, and heat. Consequently, it was recommended for promotion in the regions. Furthermore, the successful heterosis demonstrated by this study confirmed the validity of the "temperate germplasm × tropical germplasm" mode for corn breeding in general.
- Sweet corn /
- variety breeding /
- Minsuangse No. 6 /
- characteristics

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图 1 闽甜系T146的育种过程

Figure 1. Breeding process of Mintianxi T146

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图 2 闽双色6号的选育过程

Figure 2. Breeding processes of Minshuangse NO. 6

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表 1 闽双色6号在国家东南区鲜食玉米科企联合体区试中的产量表现

Table 1. Yield of Minshuangse NO. 6 at southeast regional trial on fresh consumption corn cultivars held by National Science and Enterprise Consortium

品种 Variety	年份 Year	鲜穗产量 Yield/ （kg·hm⁻²）	增产点率 Increasing point rate/%	比CK± Than CK±/%
闽双色6号 Minshuangse NO.6	2018	13150.5^**	80.9	8.2
闽双色6号 Minshuangse NO.6	2019	14025.0^**	80.9	6.9
	平均 Average	13587.8	80.9	7.6
粤甜27号（CK） Yuetian NO.27	2018	12156.0
粤甜16号（CK） Yuetian NO.16	2019	13125.0
	平均 Average	12640.5
显著性差异分析：* P ＜ 0.05，** P ＜ 0.01，无标注表示无显著差异。表2同。 * indicates significant difference at P＜0.05; * * significant difference at P＜0.01; or no significant difference. Same for Table 2.

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表 2 闽双色6号在国家西南区鲜食玉米科企联合体区试中的产量表现

Table 2. Yield of Minshuangse NO. 6 at southwest regional trial on fresh consumption corn cultivars held by National Science and Enterprise Consortium

品种 Variety	年份 Year	鲜穗产量 Yield/ （kg·hm⁻²）	增产点率 Increasing point rate/%	比CK±% Than CK±/%
闽双色6号 Minshuangse NO.6	2020	13947.0	70	3.9
	2021	13063.5	70	3.2
	平均 Average	13505.3	70	3.6
粤甜16号（CK） Yuetian NO.16	2020	13428.0
	2021	12657.0
	平均 Average	13042.5

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表 3 2018-2022闽双色6号在国家东南和西南区甜玉米区域试验中穗部性状表现

Table 3. Yield and ear characteristics of Minshuangse No. 6 in regional trials on sweet corns for southeast and southwest China from 2018 to 2022

区试地区 District trial area	年份 Year	品种 Variety	出苗至采收天数 Emergence to Day of harvest/d	穗长 Panicle length/cm	穗粗 Ear thick/cm	穗行数 Ear rows	秃尖 Bald tip/cm	鲜百粒重 Fresh 100 grain weight/g	鲜出籽粒 Kernel ratio/%
东南区	2018	闽双色6号 Minshuangse NO.6	70.5	19.7	5.0	15.6	1.5	38.0	66.5
		粤甜27号 Yuetian NO.27	78.7	20.3	4.9	14.6	0.9	34.6	68.3
	2019	闽双色6号 Minshuangse NO.6	68	19.9	5.0	—	1.3	37.5	67.9
		粤甜16号 Yuetian NO.16	69.9	17.9	5.2	—	0.8	38.3	73.1
西南区	2020	闽双色6号 Minshuangse NO.6	82.5	20.0	5.0	15.9	1.9	40.1	70.6
		粤甜16号 Yuetian NO.16	85.7	17.9	5.2	17.1	0.8	40.9	73.0
	2021	闽双色6号 Minshuangse NO.6	78.6	20.3	5.0	16.2	3.0	35.1	69.8
		粤甜16号 Yuetian NO.16	80.4	18.6	5.2	17.0	1.6	39.1	75.5

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表 4 国家东南区鲜食玉米科企联合体区试中抗性鉴定结果

Table 4. Resistance test results on fresh consumption sweet corns in southeast region

品种 Variety	年份 Year	小斑病 Small spot disease		纹枯病 Sheath blight		瘤黑粉病 Gall smut		南方锈病 Southern Rust		大斑病 Large spot disease	茎腐病 Stem rot	倒伏倒折率 Lodging and inversion rate/%
品种 Variety	年份 Year	田间 Field	接菌 Inoculation	田间 Field	接菌 Inoculation	田间 Field	接菌 Inoculation	田间 Field	接菌 Inoculation	大斑病 Large spot disease	茎腐病 Stem rot	倒伏倒折率 Lodging and inversion rate/%
闽双色6号 Minshuangse NO.6	2018	MR	S	MR	HS	R	S	MR	S	MR	MR	0.5
	2019	MR	MR	R	HS	MR	S	S	S	S	MR	1.2
	均值 Average	MR	MR	MR	HS	MR	S	S	S	S	MR	0.9
粤甜16号 Yuetian NO.16（CK）	2018	MR	S	MR	MR	R	HR	MR	MR	MR	MR	0.3
	2019	MR	S	MR	MR	R	HS	MR	S	R	MR	1.3
	均值 Average	MR	S	MR	MR	R	R	MR	S	R	MR	0.8
S：感病；MS：中感；HS：高感；R：抗病；MR：中抗；HR：高抗。表5同。 S: susceptible; HS: high susceptible; R: resistance; MR: medium resistance; HR: high resistance.Same for Table 5.

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表 5 国家西南区鲜食玉米科企联合体区试中抗性鉴定结果

Table 5. Resistance test results on fresh consumption sweet corns in southwest region

品种 Variety	年份 Year	小斑病 Small spot disease		纹枯病 Sheath blight		丝黑穗病 Head smut		大斑病 Large spot disease	瘤黑粉病 Gall smut	倒伏倒折率 Lodging and inversion rate/%
品种 Variety	年份 Year	田间 Field	接菌 Inoculation	田间 Field	接菌 Inoculation	田间 Field	接菌 Inoculation	大斑病 Large spot disease	瘤黑粉病 Gall smut	倒伏倒折率 Lodging and inversion rate/%
闽双色6号 Minshuangse NO.6	2020	MR	S	R	HS	HR	HS	R	HR	0.8
	2021	R	MR	HR	HS	HR	S	MR	HR	0.3
	均值 Average	MR	MR	MR	HS	HR	S	R	HR	0.6
粤甜16号 Yuetian NO.16（CK）	2020	MR		R		R		HR	HR	1.1
	2021	MR		HR		HR		HR	HR	0.0
	均值 Average	MR		MR		MR		HR	HR	0.6

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表 6 国家东南区鲜食玉米科企联合体区试品质表现

Table 6. Quality of Minshuangse No. 6 evaluated at southeast regional trial

品种 Variety	年份 Year	专家品质品尝综合评分 The expert tasting appraisal score				皮渣率 Dregs rate/%	可溶性总糖 Total soluble sugar/%	还原糖 Reducing sugar/%
品种 Variety	年份 Year	东阳 Dongyang	福州 Fuzhou	广州 Guangzhou	平均 Average	皮渣率 Dregs rate/%	可溶性总糖 Total soluble sugar/%	还原糖 Reducing sugar/%
闽双色6号 Minshuangse NO.6	2018	86.8	92.9	87.9	89.2	12.3	29.6	15.0
	2019	86.4	91.8	88.9	89.0	9.5	29.9	10
	均值 Average	86.6	92.4	88.4	89.1	10.9	29.8	12.5
粤甜16号（2018 CK） Yuetian NO.16	2018	85.0	85.0	85.0	85.0	12.0	18.5	10.2
粤甜27号（2019 CK） Yuetian NO.27	2019	85.0	85.0	85.0	85.0	8.9	14.3	7.9

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表 7 国家东南区鲜食玉米科企联合体区试品质表现

Table 7. Quality of Minshuangse No. 6 evaluated at southwest regional trial

品种 Variety	年份 Year	专家品质品尝综合评分 The expert tasting appraisal score				皮渣率 Dregs rate/%	可溶性总糖 Total soluble sugar/%	还原糖 Reducing sugar/%
品种 Variety	年份 Year	湖北 Dongyang	四川 Fuzhou	贵州 Guangzhou	平均 Average	皮渣率 Dregs rate/%	可溶性总糖 Total soluble sugar/%	还原糖 Reducing sugar/%
闽双色6号 Minshuangse NO.6	2020	86.3	85.3	88.0	86.5	11	26.5	12.3
	2021	87.3	84.0	90.0	87.1	14.5	20.7	7.8
	均值 Average	86.8	85.4	89.0	86.8	12.74	23.6	10.0
粤甜16号（CK） Yuetian NO.16	2020	85.0	85.0	85.0	85.0	12	18.5	10.2
粤甜27号（CK） Yuetian NO.16	2021	85.0	85.0	85.0	85.0	8.9	14.3	7.9
	均值 Average	85.0	85.0	85.0	85.0	10.5	16.4	9.1

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表 8 2020、2021闽双色6号在耐热试验中的产量及穗部性状表现

Table 8. Yield and panicle characteristics of Minshuangse No. 6 shown in 2019 and 2020 heat resistance tests

年份 Year	品种 Variety	出苗至采收天 Emergence to Day of harvest/d	开花抽丝间隔 Anthesis- silking interval（ASI）	鲜穗产量 The yield of fresh ear per ha/ kg·hm⁻²	穗长 Panicle length/ cm	穗粗 Ear thick/ cm	秃尖 Bald tip/ cm	鲜百粒重 Fresh 100 grain weight/g	鲜出籽粒 Kernel ratio/%
2020	闽双色6号 Minshuangse NO.6	69.0	0.20	13285.5	19.8	5.0	0.9	38.2	68.5
	粤甜16号 Yuetian NO.16	72.5	0.30	12382.5	19.8	4.9	1.0	35.6	67.5
2021	闽双色6号 Minshuangse NO.6	68.0	0.10	13966.5	19.9	5.1	0.8	37.8	68.2
	粤甜16号 Yuetian NO.16	69.9	0.33	13113	18.1	5.0	1.1	37.3	66.9

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表 9 2021年和2022年超甜玉米闽双色6号示范结果

Table 9. Performance of super-sweet corn Minshuangse No. 6 demonstrated in 2021 and 2022 trials

品种 Variety	示范地点 Demonstration site	核心示范面积 Core demonstration area /hm²	辐射面积 Radiated area/ hm²	3点平均重量 Average weight of 3 points/kg	产量 Yield per ha/ (kg·hm⁻²)	比CK±% Than CK±/ %	品质品尝分 Quality tasting score	田间收购价格 Field purchase price/kg	比CK增加的经济效益 Increased economic benefit over CK(Yuan)
闽双色6号 Minshuangse NO.6	广东省惠州市马安镇 Ma 'an Town, Huizhou City, Guangdong Province	14.4	773.3	114.3	19050	5.9	90.8	3.0	7014
金百甜15号 Jinbaitian NO.15	广东省惠州市马安镇 Ma 'an Town, Huizhou City, Guangdong Province	-	-	107.9	17982	-	85	2.8
闽双色6号 Minshuangse NO.6	福建省南平市东游镇 Dongyou Town, Nanping City, Fujian Province	8.4	80	136.0	18889.5	9.44	89.7	4.4	7173.6
萃甜216 Cuitian216	福建省南平市东游镇 Dongyou Town, Nanping City, Fujian Province	-	-	107.0	17257.5	-	87.1	4.2

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