不同施氮量对江汉平原长粒型优质籼稻产量品质的影响

郝蓉蓉; 王雪艳; 党程成; 王松; 周梦; 胡玉婷; 刘越; 田小海

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2023.04.001

不同施氮量对江汉平原长粒型优质籼稻产量品质的影响

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2023.04.001

郝蓉蓉^{1, 2,},
王雪艳^{1, 2},
党程成^{1, 2},
王松^{1, 2},
周梦^{1, 2},
胡玉婷^{1, 2},
刘越^{1, 2},
田小海^{1, 2, ,}

1.
长江大学农学院，湖北　荆州　434025
2.
长江大学主要粮食作物产业化湖北省协同创新中心，湖北　荆州　434025

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目（2017YFD0301405、2018YFD0301306）；湖北省重点研发计划项目（2020BBB060）

详细信息

作者简介:
郝蓉蓉（1996−），女，硕士研究生，主要从事作物高产高效栽培（E-mail：1789240680@qq.com）

通讯作者:
田小海（1961−），男，教授，主要从事作物高产优质高效栽培（E-mail：xiaohait@sina.com）

中图分类号: S511
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-07-21
- 修回日期: 2023-02-14
- 网络出版日期: 2023-03-28
- 刊出日期: 2023-04-28

Yield and Quality of Long-grain Indica Rice in Jianghan Plain Affected by N-fertilizations

HAO Rongrong^{1, 2
,},
WANG Xueyan^{1, 2},
DANG Chengcheng^{1, 2},
WANG Song^{1, 2},
ZHOU Meng^{1, 2},
HU Yuting^{1, 2},
LIU Yue^{1, 2},
TIAN Xiaohai^{1, 2
, ,}

1.
College of Agronomy, Yangtze River University, Jingzhou, Hubei　434025, China
2.
Yangtze University/Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Industrialization of Major Grain Crops, Jingzhou, Hubei　434025, China

摘要

摘要: 目的研究不同施氮量对长粒型优质籼稻在江汉平原栽培产量和品质的影响，为汉江平原地区优质水稻品种推广栽培提供参考。方法在湖北省江汉平原，选用现行优质稻耐性品种黄华占为对照，探讨不同长粒型优质籼稻品种（立香85、农香32、玉针香、泰优鄂香丝苗）在4个施氮量处理N1（120 kg·hm⁻²）、N2（150 kg·hm⁻²）、N3（180 kg·hm⁻²）、N4（240 kg·hm⁻²）下的产量与品质表现。结果在不同氮肥水平下，不同品种水稻产量随施氮量增加呈现先增加后降低趋势，在施氮量N2处理下达到最高，平均为8.3 t·hm⁻²，比N1、N3、N4处理分别增加了3.8%、7.8%、18.6%。在地上部干物质积累量方面，施氮量的增加使优质籼稻在齐穗期-成熟期保持着较多的积累量。在不同的施氮量下，叶重、茎重、穗重分别在N4、N3、N2处理下达到最高。成熟期茎、叶、穗各器官比例在N2处理下达到最优，分别为29.8%、17.7%、52.5%。稻米加工品质精米率随着施氮量的增加而增加，整精米率在N2处理下最优，达到52.6%，且与其他处理形成显著性差异；外观品质变化较小，食味品质中直链淀粉含量受品种本身影响较大，精米RVA谱特征在N2处理下表现出较大的崩解值、较低的消减值，食味品质达到最优。结论长粒型优质籼稻在施氮量N2处理下产量及品质指标同时达到最优水平，在现有约6.5～9.5 t·hm⁻²产量水平下，其在江汉平原的高产保优优化施氮量为150 kg·hm⁻²。在4个优质籼稻中，泰优鄂香丝苗有较高的产量以及加工品质，适合产业化发展；立香85产量较低但食味品质较优，符合当前人们食味品质需求。
- 优质稻 /
- 长粒型 /
- 氮肥 /
- 产量 /
- 稻米品质
Abstract: Objective Effects of N applications on the yield and quality of currently popular varieties of long grain indica rice cultivated in Hubei were studied. Method In Jianghan Plain of Hubei province, the high-quality, high-tolerance, long-grain indica rice, Huanghuazan, was compared on yield and quality under the N application rates of 120 kg·hm⁻² (N1), 150 kg·hm⁻² (N2), 180 kg·hm⁻² (N3), and 240 kg·hm⁻² (N4) with Lixiang 85, Nongxiang 32, Yuzhenxiang, and Taiyouexiangsimiao. Result The grain yields of the varieties of rice increased with increasing N application to peak at an average of 8.3 t·hm⁻² under N2 representing a 3.8% over N1, 7.8% over N3, or 18.6% over N4. The aboveground dry matters of the rice accumulated from heading to maturity stage was enhanced by the increased N. The weights of leaves, stems, and ears reached the highest levels under N4, N3, and N2, respectively. N2 also produced the optimal proportions of stems, leaves, and ears of 29.8%, 17.7%, and 52.5%, respectively, at maturity. The increased N promoted the yield on polished grains which reached the significantly highest level among all treatments at 52.6% under N2. The treatments induced little change in the visual appearance of the grains. However, a significant alternation occurred to the straight-chain starch as the RVA of the polished rice grain exhibited a great degradation, low reduction, and highly desirable taste under N2. Conclusion At the N application rate of 150 kg·hm⁻² (N2), a yield of 6.5–9.5 t·hm⁻² on the rice could be expected. Of the 4 varieties, Taiyouexiangsimiao displayed a high yield and properties appropriate for processing and was considered most suitable for industrial applications, while Lixiang 85, with its appealing eating quality, best fitting for home consumption.
- Premium rice /
- long-grain type /
- nitrogen fertilizer /
- yield /
- grain quality

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表 1 供试品种的粒型特点

Table 1. Varieties and grain traits of rice studied

品种 Cultivar	来源 Source	粒长 Grain length/mm	长宽比 Aspect ratio
立香85 Lixiang 85	丰乐种业有限公司	7.6	4.0
农香32 Nongxiang 32	湖南省水稻研究所	8.5	4.5
玉针香 Yuzhenxiang	湖南省水稻研究所	8.8	4.9
泰优鄂香丝苗 Taiyouexiangsimiao	湖北荃银高科种业有限公司	7.2	3.7
黄华占（CK） Huanghuazhan	广东省农业科学院水稻研究所	6.6	3.6

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表 2 不同施氮量处理下各品种的产量及产量构成因素变化

Table 2. Yield and yield traits of cultivars under varied N applications

品种 Cultivar	施氮水平 Nitrogen level	有效穗数 Effective panicle number/ （×10⁴·hm⁻²）	穗粒数 Grains per panicle	结实率 Seed-setting rate/%	千粒重 1 000-grain weight/g	产量 Yield/(t·hm⁻²)
立香85 Lixiang 85	N1	323.4±12.3 bc	106.4±8.5 a	78.0±1.7 c	25.5±1.2 a	7.08±0.07 a
	N2	320.3±5.3 c	113.4±8.5 a	81.6±1.6 b	24.7±0.7 a	7.24±0.09 a
	N3	331.8±16.4 ab	102.6±5.5 ab	85.4±1.7 a	25.3±0.2 a	6.30±0.10 b
	N4	338.8±9.5 a	91.5±2.7 b	80.8±1.6 bc	24.2±1.4 a	6.13±0.09 b
	均值 Average	328.7±13.9 D	103.5±10.1 D	81.4±3.1 A	24.9±1.0 B	6.74±0.50 BC
农香32 Nongxiang 32	N1	261.6±11.6 c	168.8±5.3 b	76.9±1.0 c	27.4±0.3 b	6.97±0.03 a
	N2	295.2±9.8 a	163.6±10.4 b	80.3±0.5 a	27.4±0.3 b	7.12±0.06 a
	N3	278.7±9.7 b	197.0±9.2 a	78.6±0.4 b	27.1±0.3 b	6.17±0.10 b
	N4	303.4±12.9 a	134.7±7.3 c	78.8±0.8 b	28.0±0.3 a	5.56±0.07 c
	均值 Average	285.2±19.6 E	166.0±24.1 C	78.7±1.4 C	27.5±0.4 A	6.54±0.63 C
玉针香 Yuzhenxiang	N1	385.6±13.4 a	115.4±2.0 a	83.2±1.0 a	27.6±0.0 a	7.01±0.05 b
	N2	390.4±8.5 a	103.7±3.4 b	79.7±1.9 bc	28.1±0.4 a	7.58±0.01 a
	N3	354.4±9.2 b	95.0±0.0 c	79.5±0.3 b	27.5±1.0 a	6.69±0.08 c
	N4	351.3±10.7 b	105.0±1.7 b	76.5±0.3 c	28.1±0.1 a	5.65±0.02 d
	均值 Average	370.0±20.8 A	104.7±8.3 D	79.8±4.0 B	27.8±0.5 A	6.83±0.68 B
泰优鄂香丝苗 Taiyouexiangsimiao	N1	350.7±5.3 b	193.0±4.1 a	77.9±1.0 a	22.2±0.7 a	9.65±0.06 a
	N2	348.1±5.3 b	182.8±0.8 b	79.5±2.0 a	22.7±0.4 a	9.86±0.02 a
	N3	351.4±8.5 b	170.3±7.7 c	76.9±1.8 b	22.7±0.7 a	9.67±0.06 a
	N4	372.9±17.6 a	185.2±4.2 ab	73.6±0.7 b	22.5±0.5 a	8.78±0.10 b
	均值 Average	355.7±14.4 C	182.8±9.5 A	77.0±2.6 D	22.5±0.6 C	9.55±0.40 A
黄华占 Huanghuazhan （CK）	N1	354.9±18.3 b	162.7±4.4 b	79.6±1.9 b	20.2±0.6 a	9.47±0.06 b
	N2	363.1±7.9 ab	175.9±1.3 a	85.1±1.8 a	20.3±0.1 a	9.76±0.13 a
	N3	359.3±11.6 b	163.8±4.6 b	81.9±0.7 b	20.3±0.5 a	9.49±0.45 b
	N4	369.5±18.8 a	182.5±4.4 a	81.7±0.4 b	20.3±0.5 a	9.00±0.13 c
	均值 Average	362.3±16.8 B	171.2±9.3 B	82.1±2.3 A	20.3±0.4 D	9.47±0.37 A
均值 Average	N1	334.0 c	149.3 a	79.6 ab	24.6 a	8.0 b
	N2	338.9 b	147.9 a	80.1 ab	24.6 a	8.3 a
	N3	332.9 c	145.7 ab	80.5 a	24.6 a	7.7 c
	N4	346.4 a	142.3 b	79.3 b	24.6 a	7.0 d
方差分析F值 F value of variance analysis	Fc	194.1**	24.5**	30.0**	288.5**	147.0**
	F_N	6.4**	0.2	2.0	0.3	20.7**
	Fc × F_N	8.5**	21.6**	16.7**	1.1	6.9**
同列数据后不同小写字母表示同一品种不同施氮水平间差异显著（P＜0.05），不同大写字母表示同一施氮水平不同品种间差异显著（P＜0.05）。和分别表示相关性为显著（P＜0.05）和极显著（P＜0.01）水平，Fc代表品种，F_N代表施氮量，Fc × F_N代表品种×施氮量。表3、5、6同。 Data with different lowercase letters on same column indicate significant differences of idfferent nitrogen levels at the same cultivar at P＜0.05; those with different capital letters, significant differences between different varieties at P＜0.05 level. and ** represent significant (P＜0.05) and extremely significant (P＜0.01), respectively. Fc: cultivar; F_N: total N level; Fc × F_N: cultivar × total N level. Same for Table 3, 5 ,6.

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表 3 各品种不同施氮量下不同生育期的地上部干物质积累量与收获指数变化

Table 3. Dry matter accumulation and harvest index of rice at growth stages under varied N applications

品种 Cultivar	施氮水平 Nitrogen level	分蘖盛期-拔节期 Tillering-Jointing/ （t·hm⁻²）	拔节期-齐穗期 Jointing-Heading/ （t·hm⁻²）	齐穗期-成熟期 Heading-Maturity/（t·hm⁻²）	收获指数 Harvest index
立香85 Lixiang 85	N1	6.50±0.03 b	1.94±0.04 a	1.83±0.06 c	0.45±0.01 a
	N2	7.78±0.01 a	1.96±0.02 a	1.96±0.00 bc	0.46±0.00 a
	N3	6.07±0.02 c	1.93±0.04 a	2.21±0.06 ab	0.45±0.00 a
	N4	6.43±0.01 b	1.58±0.06 b	2.29±0.03 a	0.36±0.01 b
	均值 Average	6.70±0.68 B	1.85±0.19 D	2.07±0.20 E	0.43±0.04 D
农香32 Nongxiang32	N1	7.74±0.07 c	3.71±0.06 b	6.58±0.07 c	0.47±0.01 b
	N2	8.41±0.20 b	4.29±0.05 a	6.86±0.07 c	0.49±0.02 ab
	N3	7.55±0.10 c	3.74±0.06 b	7.47±0.08 b	0.50±0.01 a
	N4	9.14±0.10 a	3.34±0.04 c	8.30±0.09 a	0.40±0.01 c
	均值 Average	8.21±0.67 A	3.77±0.36 A	7.30±0.70 A	0.47±0.04 C
玉针香 Yuzhenxiang	N1	3.49±0.04 ab	2.85±0.07 b	2.16±0.05 b	0.48±0.00 a
	N2	3.66±0.01 a	2.84±0.08 b	2.31±0.06 b	0.49±0.00 a
	N3	3.41±0.02 b	3.08±0.06 a	2.31±0.08 b	0.46±0.00 b
	N4	2.91±0.09 c	3.01±0.06 a	3.23±0.02 a	0.44±0.00 c
	均值 Average	3.37±0.29 D	2.95±0.13 C	2.50±0.45 D	0.47±0.02 C
泰优鄂香丝苗 Taiyouexiangsimiao	N1	6.74±0.08 b	3.08±0.04 b	5.79±0.01 c	0.57±0.00 bc
	N2	7.23±0.05 a	3.10±0.02 b	6.05±0.09 c	0.58±0.00 a
	N3	5.14±0.02 d	3.79±0.07 a	6.66±0.05 b	0.56±0.00 c
	N4	6.47±0.06 c	3.69±0.05 a	7.08±0.07 a	0.58±0.01 ab
	均值 Average	6.39±0.81 C	3.42±0.34 B	6.40±0.53 B	0.57±0.01 B
黄华占 Huanghuazhan （CK）	N1	6.57±0.07 a	2.56±0.11 d	4.72±0.05 c	0.58±0.01 ab
	N2	6.60±0.11 a	3.57±0.06 b	5.45±0.09 b	0.59±0.00 a
	N3	6.44±0.05 a	3.40±0.09 c	5.19±0.06 b	0.57±0.01 b
	N4	5.99±0.11 b	4.24±0.02 a	5.88±0.03 a	0.57±0.00 b
	均值 Average	6.39±0.30 C	3.44±0.63 B	5.31±0.52 C	0.58±0.01 A
均值 Average	N1	6.20 b	2.85 b	4.21 d	0.51 b
	N2	6.75 a	3.15 a	4.52 c	0.52 a
	N3	5.72 c	3.19a	4.77 b	0.51 b
	N4	6.20 b	3.17 a	5.34 a	0.47 c
方差分析F值 F value of variance analysis	Fc	41.4**	1243.3**	309.7**	30.7**
	F_N	2.9	73.5**	16.5**	4.4*
	Fc × F_N	65.5**	98.5**	37.5**	23.0**

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表 4 各品种不同施氮量下不同生育期的各器官生物量的变化

Table 4. Biomass of rice organs in growth stages under varied N applications （单位：t·hm⁻²）

时期 Growth stages	器官 Rice organs	施氮水平 Nitrogen level	立香85 Lixiang 85	农香32 Nongxiang 32	玉针香 Yuzhenxiang	泰优鄂香丝苗 Taiyouexiangsimiao	黄华占（CK） Huanghuazhan
分蘖盛期 Tillering	茎 Stem	N1	1.76±0.01 b	1.53±0.15 c	2.78±0.01 b	1.64±0.03 c	1.63±0.08 c
		N2	2.36±0.02 a	2.09±0.10 a	3.39±0.06 a	2.27±0.01 a	2.11±0.07 a
		N3	1.86±0.01 b	1.90±0.13 b	2.79±0.01 b	2.16±0.03 b	1.88±0.03 b
		N4	1.54±0.01 c	1.57±0.12 c	2.67±0.03 c	2.12±0.03 b	1.95±0.12 b
		均值 Average	1.88±0.30 A	1.77±0.27 A	2.91±0.27 A	2.05±0.24 A	1.92±0.16 A
	叶 Leaf	N1	1.66±0.02 b	1.48±0.04 d	2.53±0.02 b	1.64±0.01 b	1.73±0.01 c
		N2	2.17±0.01 a	2.06±0.04 a	2.98±0.04 a	2.12±0.04 a	2.07±0.01 b
		N3	1.67±0.01 b	1.78±0.05 b	2.36±0.03 b	1.39±0.03 c	2.53±0.05 a
		N4	1.53±0.02 c	1.61±0.02 c	2.54±0.01 b	2.14±0.02 a	1.96±0.05 b
		均值 Average	1.76±0.24 A	1.73±0.22 A	2.60±0.24 A	1.82±0.32 A	2.07±0.29 A
拔节期 Jointing	茎 Stem	N1	6.47±0.01 c	6.65±0.15 d	5.70±0.01 b	5.59±0.06 c	6.66±0.08 a
		N2	8.65±0.03 a	7.71±0.07 a	6.26±0.02 a	6.80±0.02 a	6.45±0.14 b
		N3	5.86±0.02 d	7.12±0.02 c	5.32±0.01 c	5.05±0.03 d	6.35±0.01 b
		N4	7.44±0.02 b	7.42±0.13 b	5.01±0.18 d	6.10±0.02 b	6.34±0.05 b
		均值 Average	7.10±1.05 A	7.07±0.67 A	5.64±0.53 A	5.88±0.65 A	6.47±0.43 A
	叶 Leaf	N1	3.45±0.01 d	4.09±0.04 c	3.07±0.02 c	4.44±0.02 c	3.34±0.06 c
		N2	4.67±0.03 b	4.49±0.12 b	3.78±0.01 a	4.82±0.02 a	4.12±0.05 a
		N3	3.74±0.01 c	4.00±0.07 c	3.23±0.01 c	3.65±0.03 d	4.03±0.08 a
		N4	5.06±0.03 a	4.90±0.04 a	3.50±0.01 b	4.63±0.03 b	3.55±0.02 b
		均值 Average	4.48±0.61 B	4.51±0.51 B	3.39±0.34 B	4.39±0.45 B	3.76±0.33 B
齐穗期 Heading	茎 Stem	N1	6.48±0.02 d	8.35±0.02 d	6.63±0.05 b	6.58±0.01 c	7.14±0.11 b
		N2	7.83±0.02 a	12.38±0.23 a	6.91±0.03 ab	7.47±0.01 a	7.48±0.04 a
		N3	6.73±0.02 c	11.68±0.21 b	7.01±0.01 a	6.28±0.17 d	7.48±0.06 a
		N4	7.55±0.03 b	9.23±0.07 c	7.09±0.03 a	7.04±0.04 b	7.57±0.05 a
		均值 Average	7.15±0.56 A	10.45±1.84 A	6.91±0.19 A	6.84±0.46 A	7.45±0.26 A
	叶 Leaf	N1	3.85±0.02 c	4.14±0.06 d	3.37±0.02 c	4.31±0.02 c	3.55±0.09 b
		N2	4.43±0.02 a	4.95±0.07 b	3.85±0.01 a	4.36±0.02 b	3.96±0.01 a
		N3	3.47±0.02 d	4.68±0.07 c	3.56±0.00 bc	4.16±0.00 d	3.67±0.17 b
		N4	4.06±0.03 b	5.27±0.07 a	3.71±0.01 b	4.95±0.03 a	4.02±0.10 a
		均值 Average	3.95±0.35 B	4.76±0.42 B	3.62±0.18 B	4.44±0.30 B	3.80±0.22 B
	穗 Panicle	N1	1.63±0.01 b	2.07±0.01 a	1.51±0.06 b	2.16±0.03 c	1.86±0.06 d
		N2	2.05±0.03 a	2.09±0.07 a	2.15±0.02 a	2.87±0.01 a	2.94±0.01 a
		N3	1.32±0.02 d	1.61±0.06 b	2.03±0.02 a	2.05±0.03 c	2.60±0.00 c
		N4	1.48±0.01 c	1.47±0.02 b	2.03±0.01 a	2.43±0.01 b	2.72±0.03 b
		均值 Average	1.62±0.27 C	1.78±0.29 C	1.95±0.23 C	2.38±0.32 C	2.49±0.38 C
成熟期 Maturity	茎 Stem	N1	5.14±0.04 c	7.51±0.08 d	4.45±0.09 c	3.98±0.01 c	3.67±0.10 c
		N2	6.24±0.03 b	9.52±0.15 a	5.49±0.05 ab	5.17±0.02 a	4.45±0.06 b
		N3	4.64±0.01 d	8.21±0.11 c	5.45±0.14 b	3.85±0.04 d	4.39±0.02 b
		N4	7.08±0.01 a	8.84±0.03 b	5.73±0.03 a	4.83±0.01 b	5.49±0.07 a
		均值 Average	5.84±0.93 B	8.49±0.73 B	5.26±0.47 B	4.46±0.56 B	4.50±0.69 B
	叶 Leaf	N1	2.56±0.03 c	3.63±0.08 c	2.20±0.04 d	3.27±0.02 c	2.76±0.07 b
		N2	2.74±0.01 b	4.88±0.08 a	3.17±0.03 a	3.92±0.02 a	3.07±0.08 a
		N3	2.23±0.02 d	4.50±0.04 b	2.76±0.02 b	3.03±0.02 d	3.15±0.10 a
		N4	3.81±0.15 a	4.41±0.05 b	2.44±0.01 c	3.66±0.03 b	3.01±0.11 a
		均值 Average	2.81±0.55 C	4.36±0.46 C	2.64±0.37 C	3.47±0.35 C	3.03±0.23 C
	穗 Panicle	N1	7.55±0.02 b	10.00±0.37 c	7.22±0.01 b	9.96±0.02 c	10.66±0.41 c
		N2	8.54±0.02 a	13.62±0.54 a	8.44±0.01 a	12.674±0.09 a	12.21±0.25 a
		N3	6.71±0.09 d	12.69±0.58 b	6.76±0.02 c	9.749±0.034 d	11.67±0.39 b
		N4	6.92±0.09 c	9.29±0.15 d	6.44±0.01 d	11.516±0.28 b	11.52±0.21 b
		均值 Average	7.43±0.70 A	9.39±0.87 A	7.22±0.88 A	10.575±1.61 A	11.58±0.65 A
表中同列数据后不同小写字母表示同一品种同一器官在不同施氮水平间差异显著（P＜0.05），不同大写字母表示同一品种在同一时期不同器官间差异显著（P＜0.05）。 Data with different lowercase letters on same column indicate significant differences between organs of same rice variety under different N applications (P＜0.05); those with different uppercase letters, significant differences between organs of same rice variety at same period (P＜0.05).

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表 5 不同施氮量处理的稻米品质

Table 5. Grain quality of rice treated with different N applications

品种 Cultivar	施氮水平 Nitrogen level	精米率 Polished rice rate%	整精米率 Head rice rate/%	垩白粒率 Chalkiness rate/%	垩白度 Chalkiness degree/%	直链淀粉含量 Amylose content/%
立香85 Lixiang 85	N1	65.8±0.6 b	48.0±0.1 c	0.3±0.3 a	0.0±0.0 a	16.3±0.6 b
	N2	67.8±1.0 a	55.4±0.2 a	0.0±0.0 b	0.0±0.1 a	17.0±0.3 a
	N3	67.7±0.3 a	50.3±0.3 b	0.2±0.2 ab	0.0±0.0 a	16.1±0.2 b
	N4	66.1±0.6 b	49.8±0.2 b	0.0±0.0 b	0.1±0.1 a	15.2±0.3 c
	均值 Average	66.8±1.2 C	50.9±2.8 D	0.1±0.2 C	0.0±0.0 C	16.2±0.8 D
农香32 Nongxiang 32	N1	67.4±1.3 b	56.6±0.7 b	0.8±0.4 ab	0.2±0.1 a	14.3±0.7 b
	N2	67.1±0.2 b	57.3±0.2 a	1.2±0.2 a	0.2±0.1 a	15.6±0.7 a
	N3	69.2±0.2 a	55.2±0.7 b	0.9±0.2 ab	0.3±0.1 a	15.2±0.3 a
	N4	69.2±0.3 a	53.7±0.5 c	0.6±0.2 b	0.3±0.1 a	15.0±0.4 a
	均值 Average	68.2±1.2 B	55.7±1.6 A	0.9±0.3 A	0.3±0.1 A	15.0±0.7 E
玉针香 Yuzhenxiang	N1	65.2±0.7 b	42.8±1.4 a	0.2±0.2 b	0.0±0.0 a	16.0±0.4 b
	N2	65.9±0.3 ab	41.7±0.7 b	0.1±0.4 b	0.2±0.1 a	17.0±0.4 a
	N3	66.4±0.1 ab	41.2±0.6 b	0.6±0.1 a	0.0±0.1 a	16.8±0.5 a
	N4	66.5±1.3 a	37.6±0.3 c	0.2±0.2 ab	0.1±0.1 a	16.7±0.9 ab
	均值 Average	66.0±1.0 D	40.8±2.2 E	0.3±0.2 C	0.1±0.1 BC	16.6±0.7 C
泰优鄂香丝苗 Taiyouexiangsimiao	N1	69.0±1.1 a	54.2±0.3 b	0.9±0.6 ab	0.0±0.0 b	17.4±0.4 ab
	N2	70.1±0.2 a	55.6±0.4 a	1.2±0.7 a	0.1±0.1 ab	18.0±0.2 a
	N3	69.7±0.3 a	54.8±0.2 ab	0.2±0.2 bc	0.3±0.2 a	17.1±0.4 bc
	N4	69.7±0.2 a	54.2±0.1 b	0.0±0.0 c	0.3±0.2 ab	16.7±0.5 c
	均值 Average	69.6±0.7 A	54.7±0.7 B	0.5±0.5 B	0.2±0.2 AB	17.3±0.7 B
黄华占 Huanghuazhan （CK）	N1	70.0±0.3 a	54.2±0.4 a	0.3±0.2 b	0.2±0.1 a	18.5±0.6 a
	N2	69.9±0.2 a	53.2±0.3 a	0.6±0.3 b	0.2±0.2 a	18.7±0.4 a
	N3	69.5±0.1 a	50.0±0.2 b	1.0±0.3 a	0.1±0.1 a	18.7±0.3 a
	N4	70.0±0.6 a	49.4±0.3 b	0.5±0.0 b	0.1±0.1 a	16.4±1.5 b
	均值 Average	69.8±0.5 A	51.7±2.2 C	0.6±0.3 B	0.2±0.1 AB	17.9±1.4 A
均值 Average	N1	67.5 b	51.2 b	0.5 a	0.2 a	16.5 b
	N2	68.2 a	52.6 a	0.6 a	0.2 ab	17.2 a
	N3	68.5 a	50.3 c	0.6 a	0.1 ab	16.6 b
	N4	68.3 a	49.0 d	0.3 b	0.1 b	16.0 c
方差分析F值 F value of variance analysis	Fc	22.7**	4.2*	13.3**	8.2**	13.2**
	F_N	2	22.9**	5.3*	1.7	3.3
	Fc × F_N	2.5*	48.5**	4.2**	2.1*	7.1**

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表 6 不同施氮量处理下各品种精米的RVA谱

Table 6. RVA spectra of polished rice of various cultivars under different N applications

品种 Cultivar	施氮量 Nitrogen level	峰值黏度 Peak viscosity	热浆黏度 Holding viscosity	最终黏度 Final viscosity	崩解值 Breakdown	消减值 Setback	回复值 Consistence
立香85 Lixiang 85	N1	4033.5±1.5 a	2253.0±35.1 a	3407.5±17.5 a	1839.0±59.7 ab	−626.7±15.5 c	1174.0±9.0 ab
	N2	4079.0±1.0 a	2132.5±4.5 a	3331.0±1.0 a	1903.0±61.6 a	−748.7±0.0 d	1198.5±3.5 a
	N3	3814.0±41.0 b	2095.5±0.5 b	3360.0±110.0 b	1671.3±75.0 b	−454.7±15.5 b	1164.5±10.5 b
	N4	3550.0±47.0 c	2139.0±25.0 c	3259.5±43.5 c	1411.0±22.0 c	−290.7±2.9 a	1120.5±18.5 c
	均值 Average	3869.1±230.8 A	2165±71.9 A	3339.5±85.9 BC	1732.9±194.7 A	−529.6±185.6 C	1164.4±32.6 B
农香32 Nongxiang 32	N1	3561.0±18.0 b	1937.5±48.5 b	2862.0±14.0 b	1459.3±144.3 b	−699.7±26.1 c	986.7±9.4 b
	N2	3658.0±18.0 a	1939.7±7.3 a	2959.5±3.5 a	1751.7±61.1 a	−698.7±11.8 c	1017.0±13.4 a
	N3	3581.5±29.5 ab	1944.5±19.6 ab	2971.0±56.0 ab	1574.3±83.0 b	−610.7±21.6 b	1008.0±31.6 b
	N4	3341.5±20.5 c	2084.0±42.0 c	3052.5±42.5 c	1225.7±48.3 c	−289.7±18.0 a	977.0±12.0 c
	均值 Average	3535.5±128.0 C	1970±68.4 C	2961.3±81.8 D	1502.8±221.3 C	−574.3±182.1 D	997.2±25.8 D
玉针香 Yuzhenxiang	N1	3861.0±66.0 a	2083.5±37.5 a	3228.5±44.5 a	1777.5±28.5 a	−632.7±17.6 c	1101.7±61.5 a
	N2	3810.5±23.5 a	2164.0±11.0 a	3305.0±22.7 a	1712.0±37.0 a	−608.7±12.7 c	1104.0±17.6 a
	N3	3816.0±43.8 a	2221.3±43.8 a	3323.0±10.0 a	1681.3±39.5 a	−526.7±1.6 a	1129.3±6.8 a
	N4	3768.0±24.0 a	2171.0±35.0 a	3265.0±21.0 a	1603.3±128.8 a	−568.7±16.7 b	1137.3±22.0 a
	均值 Average	3818.6±72.6 B	2166±65.3 A	3287.1±46.4 B	1683.3±104.0 B	−583.9±46.9 D	1118.1±39.1 C
泰优鄂香丝苗 Taiyouexiangsimiao	N1	3732.5±0.5 a	2318.3±25.8 a	3572.3±43.3 a	1488.5±38.5 a	−174.7±24.9 a	1234.0±11.0 a
	N2	3717.0±8.0 a	2244.7±23.9 a	3497.0±23.6 a	1503.5±56.5 a	−282.7±6.5 c	1278.0±4.0 a
	N3	3709.5±45.5 a	2238.7±38.0 a	3484.7±44.6 a	1446.5±41.5 a	−245.7±0.0 b	1253.0±10.0 a
	N4	3630.5±76.5 a	2273.3±45.8 a	3523.0±56.9 a	1482.0±13.0 a	−249.7±11.8 bc	1232.5±1.5 a
	均值 Average	3697.4±63.8 D	2268±48.8 A	3519.3±57.6 A	1408.1±48.7 D	−237.8±45.8 A	1249.4±21.3 B
黄华占 Huanghuazhan （CK）	N1	3853.5±30.5 a	2091.5±25.5 a	3382.0±5.0 a	1762.0±5.0 a	−471.7±20.8 b	1290.5±20.5 a
	N2	3827.5±26.5 a	2089.0±17.6 a	3363.0±5.0 a	1763.0±30.0 a	−464.7±25.7 b	1298.5±1.5 a
	N3	3750.0±45.0 a	2059.0±24.7 a	3290.0±11.0 a	1753.0±17.0 a	−460.7±27.8 b	1293.0±17.0 a
	N4	3704.5±15.5 a	2124.0±38.2 a	3485.0±103.0 a	1571.0±21.0 b	−298.7±6.9 a	1272.5±12.5 b
	均值 Average	3793.0±72.5 C	2090±38.4 B	3380.0±92.9 A	1712.3±89.9 A	−423.6±82.5 B	1288.6±18.9 A
均值 Average	N1	3808 a	2161.6 a	3316.1 a	1662.6 b	−520.7 c	1138.5 a
	N2	3822 a	2108.7 b	3309.4 a	1743.4 a	−560.3 d	1159.4 a
	N3	3742 b	2113.6 b	3305.4 a	1629.2 b	−459.1 b	1153.8 a
	N4	3585 c	2165.0 a	3335.7 a	1451.3 c	−339.2 a	1132.8 a
方差分析F值 F value of variance analysis	Fc	9.32**	25.4**	39.2**	5.27*	7.9**	7.9**
	F_N	7.34**	2.7	0.2	6.74**	4.4*	4.4*
	Fc × F_N	3.68**	2.5*	2.9*	3.62**	25.4**	25.4**

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