Condition Optimization for Leucaena leucocephala Seedling Growth in Factory
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摘要:
目的 探明银合欢幼苗在植物工厂中水培的最优生长条件，为生产优质的银合欢苗奠定基础。 方法 分析不同光照时长（12、16、20、24 h·d−1）、光照强度（100、200、300、400 μmol·m−2·s−1）、营养液盐度（7‰、15‰、20‰、25‰）、氮浓度（7.5、15、30、60 mmol·L−1）和磷浓度（0.5、1、2、4 mmol·L−1）下银合欢幼苗的形态和生理指标，优化银合欢幼苗的生长条件。 结果 单因素试验结果表明，随着光照时长、光照强度、氮浓度或磷浓度的增加，银合欢幼苗的形态指标呈现先增后降的趋势。幼苗定植35 d后，在光照时长20 h·d−1下幼苗鲜重（5.61±0.11） g·株−1，比12、24 h·d−1分别增加60.0%和14.6%；光强200 μmol·m−2·s−1下鲜重（6.55±0.10） g·株−1，比100、400 μmol·m−2·s−1分别增加21.5%和62.1%；氮浓度15 mmol·L−1下鲜重（4.32±0.10） g·株−1，比7.5、60 mmol·L−1分别增加6.1%和108.6%；磷浓度1 mmol·L−1下鲜重（5.65±0.21） g·株−1，比0.5、4 mmol·L−1分别增加40.9%和64.7%。银合欢幼苗的叶绿素含量、叶绿素荧光参数和抗氧化酶活性也表现出相似的规律。相比之下，随着营养液盐度的增加，银合欢幼苗的形态指标、叶绿素含量、叶绿素荧光参数和抗氧化酶活性均呈现下降趋势。在盐度7‰时鲜重、干重、株高、根长和总叶绿素含量均达到最大值，分别为（8.95±0.05） g·株−1、（2.16±0.16） g·株−1、（31.17±1.67） cm、（60.67±0.93） cm、（1.72±0.06） mg·g−1。7‰盐度下幼苗的叶绿素荧光参数和抗氧化酶活性指标也较好。 结论 银合欢幼苗在光照时长20 h·d−1、光强200 μmol·m−2·s−1、盐度7‰、氮浓度15 mmol·L−1、磷浓度1 mmol·L−1 的条件下，其形态指标、叶绿素含量、抗氧化酶活性及叶绿素荧光参数等指标较优，最适合银合欢幼苗生长。 Abstract:Objective Optimal conditions for the growth of Leucaena leucocephala seedlings in an indoor facility were studied. Methods Selected morphological and physiological indices of L. leucocephala seedlings were monitored for the optimization in a chamber under varied light exposures (i.e., 12, 16, 20, and 24 h·d−1) with the intensity of 100, 200, 300, or 400 μmol·m−2·s−1 in a nutrient solution of a salinity of 7‰, 15‰, 20‰, or 25‰, a N concentration of 7.5, 15, 30, or 60 mmol·L−1, and a P concentration of 0.5, 1, 2, or 4 mmol·L−1. Results The single factor experiment showed the seedling morphological indices increased at first and then decreased with increasing light exposure, light intensity, N or P concentration. After 35 d of cultivation, the average fresh weight of an individual seedling exposed to 20 h·d−1 of light reached (5.61±0.11) g, which was 60.0% higher than that exposed to 12 h·d−1 or 14.6% higher than that exposed to 24 h·d−1. The intensity of light at 200 μmol·m−2·s−1 resulted in a (6.55±0.10) g·plant−1 of fresh seedling, which was 21.5% or 62.1% higher than at 100 μmol·m−2·s−1 or 400 μmol·m−2·s−1, respectively. The nutrient solution containing 15 mmol·L−1 N yielded a fresh seedling weight of (4.32±0.10) g·plant−1, which was 6.1% and 108.6% higher than those at 7.5 and 60 mmol·L−1, respectively, in concentration. Whereas P at 1 mmol·L−1, the fresh seedling weight was (5.65±0.21) g·plant−1, which was 40.9% and 64.7% higher than P at 0.5 mmol·L−1 and 4 mmol·L−1, respectively. And the seedlings exhibited similar patterns under those conditions on chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, and antioxidant enzyme activities. On the other hand, the seedlings growing under an increasing salinity displayed decreasing trends on the morphological indices, chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, and antioxidant enzyme activities. At 7‰ salinity, the greatest fresh seedling weight of (8.95±0.05) g·plant−1, dry weight of (2.16±0.16) g·plant−1, plant height of (31.17±1.67) cm, root length of (60.67±0.93) cm, and total chlorophyll content of (1.72±0.06) mg·g−1 were recorded. In contrast, the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and antioxidant enzyme activities were improved. Conclusion Under 20 h·d−1 of 200 μmol·m−2·s−1 light exposure, the growth of L. leucocephala seedlings in a nutrient solution of 7‰ salinity that contained 15 mmol·L−1 N and 1 mmol·L−1 P rendered the morphological indices, antioxidant enzyme activities, and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters superior to the other tested conditions in a nursery. -
Key words:
- L. leucocephala /
- plant factory /
- light /
- salinity /
- nitrogen and phosphorus
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表 1 银合欢在不同光照时长下的表观生长指标和生理指标
Table 1. Growth and physiological indices of Leucaena leucocephala under different light duration
参数 Parameters 光照时长 Duration of light/（h·d−1） 12 16 20 24 鲜重 Fresh weight/（g·株−1） 3.54±0.22 d 4.14±0.06 c 5.66±0.11 a 4.94±0.13 b 干重 Dry weight/（g·株−1） 0.57±0.05 c 0.81±0.03 b 1.13±0.06 a 0.92±0.08 b 株高 Shoot height/（cm·株−1） 17.00±0.58 a 13.33±0.60 b 11.17±0.44 c 10.43±0.09 c 根长 Root length/（cm·株−1） 23.00±1.00 c 38.50±0.29 a 30.50±0.50 b 24.50±0.76 c 总叶绿素 Total chlorophyll/ (mg·g−1) 0.94±0.08 b 1.09±0.14 ab 1.30±0.06 a 1.26±0.09 a 叶绿素a Chlorophyll a/（mg·g−1） 0.76±0.07 b 0.89±0.08 ab 1.04±0.08 a 1.01±0.07 a 叶绿素b Chlorophyll b/（mg·g−1） 0.18±0.01 a 0.19±0.07 a 0.26±0.01 a 0.25±0.01 a 超氧化物歧化酶 SOD/（U·g−1） 564.7±1.6 c 572.9±3.5 c 582.7±1.4 b 590.2±1.6 a 过氧化物酶 POD/（U·g−1） 242.5±6.6 c 600.1±30.5 b 680.3±20.8 b 823.7±39.8 a 丙二醛 MDA/（nmol·g−1) 12.63±0.69 b 12.49±1.36 b 12.44±0.93 b 16.69±1.34 a 非光化学淬灭系数 NPQ 0.21±0.05 b 0.20±0.02 b 0.21±0.03 b 0.50±0.03 a 光化学效率 Fv/Fm 0.68±0.01 c 0.75±0.01 a 0.71±0.01 b 0.61±0.01 d 光化学淬灭系数 qP 0.78±0.02 b 0.88±0.02 a 0.88±0.01 a 0.79±0.03 b 电子传递速率 ETR 37.40±0.68 ab 41.10±0.43 a 39.62±1.19 a 33.97±2.22 b 同行不同小写字母代表不同处理之间显著差异（P ＜0.05），下同。Datas with different lowercase letters on the same row represent significant differences between treatments (P < 0.05). Same for below. 
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表 2 银合欢在不同光照强度下的表观生长指标和生理指标
Table 2. Growth and physiological indices of L. leucocephala under different light intensities
参数 Parameters 光照强度 Light intensity/（μmol·m−2·s−1) 100 200 300 400 鲜重 Fresh weight/（g·株−1） 5.39±0.22 b 6.55±0.10 a 6.41±0.07 a 4.04±0.15 c 干重 Dry weight/（g·株−1） 1.16±0.08 bc 1.52±0.12 a 1.26±0.05 b 0.94±0.04 c 株高 Shoot height/（cm·株−1） 14.27±0.14 a 14.07±0.22 a 12.77±0.40 b 12.90±0.47 b 根长 Root length/（cm·株−1） 35.33±2.77 a 36.93±1.88 a 34.67±2.09 a 34.17±0.44 a 总叶绿素 Total chlorophyll/ (mg·g−1) 1.38±0.08 b 1.80±0.10 a 1.28±0.06 b 1.25±0.05 b 叶绿素a Chlorophyll a/ (mg·g−1) 1.12±0.06 b 1.44±0.08 a 1.03±0.03 b 0.97±0.07 b 叶绿素b Chlorophyll b/ (mg·g−1) 0.26±0.02 a 0.36±0.02 a 0.25±0.07 a 0.28±0.04 a 超氧化物歧化酶 SOD/（U·g−1） 562.6±6.9 a 559.5±3.1 a 560.4±4.9 a 569.4±2.2 a 过氧化物酶 POD/（U·g−1） 482.6±13.3 c 761.9±25.5 b 815.4±22.6 b 960.7±28.8 a 丙二醛 MDA/（nmol·g−1) 22.98±0.86 a 21.97±1.26 a 21.69±1.16 a 22.40±1.92 a 非光化学淬灭系数 NPQ 0.34±0.02 c 0.38±0.02 bc 0.42±0.01 ab 0.48±0.01 a 光化学效率 Fv/Fm 0.79±0.01 a 0.75±0.01 b 0.70±0.01 c 0.68±0.01 d 光化学淬灭系数 qP 0.87±0.01 a 0.80±0.01 b 0.79±0.02 b 0.51±0.01 c 电子传递速率 ETR 67.13±3.61 bc 76.51±3.13 ab 84.35±1.73 a 60.46±2.99 c
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表 3 银合欢在不同盐度下的表观生长指标和生理指标
Table 3. Growth and physiological indices of L. leucocephala at different salinities
参数 Parameters 盐度 Salinity/‰ 7 15 20 25 鲜重 Fresh weight/（g·株−1） 8.95±0.05 a 7.94±0.14 b 4.44±0.38 c 2.33±0.15 d 干重 Dry weight/（g·株−1） 2.16±0.16 a 1.58±0.03 b 0.90±0.02 c 0.32±0.01 d 株高 Shoot height/（cm·株−1） 31.17±1.67 a 24.83±0.44 b 19.00±0.50 c 12.17±0.33 d 根长 Root length/（cm·株−1） 60.67±0.93 a 47.67±1.36 b 26.40±0.90 c 19.17±1.48 d 总叶绿素 Total chlorophyll/（mg·g−1） 1.72±0.06 a 1.64±0.11 ab 1.44±0.06 b 1.09±0.01 c 叶绿素a Chlorophyll a/（mg·g−1） 1.35±0.05 a 1.29±0.03 a 1.16±0.05 b 0.88±0.01 c 叶绿素b Chlorophyll b/（mg·g−1） 0.38±0.01 a 0.35±0.10 a 0.29±0.01 a 0.21±0.01 a 超氧化物歧化酶 SOD/（U·g−1） 584.3±4.0 a 578.8±9.3 a 576.0±8.7 a 565.1±7.4 a 过氧化物酶 POD/（U·g−1） 476.9±12.0 b 567.1±14.1 a 483.2±7.9 b 469.1±9.4 b 丙二醛 MDA/（nmol·g−1） 11.51±0.41 b 14.33±1.71 b 19.94±1.48 a 20.49±1.60 a 非光化学淬灭系数 NPQ 0.19±0.04 b 0.27±0.06 b 0.87±0.07 a 1.07±0.14 a 光化学效率 Fv/Fm 0.79±0.01 a 0.77±0.01 a 0.77±0.01 a 0.72±0.01 b 光化学淬灭系数 qP 0.87±0.04 a 0.80±0.01 a 0.80±0.03 a 0.79±0.02 a 电子传递速率 ETR 44.61±2.20 a 41.43±0.16 a 35.47±2.04 b 32.66±2.06 b
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表 4 银合欢在不同氮浓度下的表观生长指标和生理指标
Table 4. Growth and physiological indices of L. leucocephala at different nitrogen concentrations
参数 Parameters 氮浓度 Nitrogen concentration/(mmol·L−1） 7.5 15 30 60 鲜重 Fresh weight/（g·株−1） 4.07±0.08 a 4.32±0.10 a 3.38±0.13 b 2.07±0.13 c 干重 Dry weight/（g·株−1） 0.66±0.01 b 0.84±0.05 a 0.56±0.05 b 0.38±0.02 c 株高 Shoot height/（cm·株−1） 15.13±0.23 b 21.73±0.89 a 15.83±0.17 b 10.67±0.84 c 根长 Root length/（cm·株−1） 27.17±1.09 a 27.67±0.44 a 27.00±4.31 a 24.73±0.62 a 总叶绿素 Total chlorophyll/（mg·g−1） 1.23±0.01 b 1.33±0.08 ab 1.46±0.03 a 1.28±0.03 b 叶绿素a Chlorophyll a/（mg·g−1） 0.99±0.01 b 1.07±0.07 ab 1.17±0.02 a 1.04±0.03 b 叶绿素b Chlorophyll b/（mg·g−1） 0.24±0.01 b 0.26±0.01 b 0.29±0.01 a 0.24±0.01 b 超氧化物歧化酶 SOD/（U·g−1） 534.8±4.3 a 555.0±3.8 a 534.2±7.4 a 530.2±13.4 a 过氧化物酶 POD/（U·g−1） 529.3±4.9 b 487.7±12.6 bc 468.9±3.9 c 591.2±25.8 a 丙二醛 MDA/（nmol·g−1） 14.21±1.31 a 13.92±1.01 a 16.19±1.31 a 16.12±0.09 a 非光化学淬灭系数 NPQ 0.52±0.03 a 0.38±0.02 b 0.51±0.02 a 0.51±0.04 a 光化学效率 Fv/Fm 0.70±0.01 b 0.76±0.01 a 0.69±0.01 b 0.68±0.01 c 光化学淬灭系数 qP 0.91±0.01 a 0.92±0.01 a 0.70±0.02 c 0.77±0.02 b 电子传递速率 ETR 38.30±0.71 c 60.67±0.29 a 39.60±0.30 c 42.71±1.28 b
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表 5 银合欢在不同磷浓度下的表观生长指标和生理指标
Table 5. Growth and physiological indices of L. leucocephala at different phosphorus concentrations
参数Parameters 磷浓度 Phosphorus concentration/(mmol·L−1） 0.5 1 2 4 鲜重 Fresh weight/（g·株−1） 4.01±0.24 b 5.65±0.21 a 4.04±0.16 b 3.43±0.22 b 干重 Dry weight/（g·株−1） 0.71±0.05 b 0.98±0.05 a 0.69±0.05 bc 0.54±0.05 c 株高 Shoot height/（cm·株−1） 13.33±0.84 b 15.63±0.58 a 15.27±0.39 ab 11.07±0.58 c 根长 Root length/（cm·株−1） 36.20±0.35 a 37.57±1.10 a 32.50±0.58 b 32.47±1.50 b 总叶绿素 Total chlorophyll/（mg·g−1） 1.53±0.07 b 1.87±0.11 a 1.58±0.07 b 1.56±0.05 b 叶绿素a Chlorophyll a/（mg·g−1） 1.23±0.05 b 1.44±0.05 a 1.25±0.04 b 1.23±0.04 b 叶绿素b Chlorophyll b/（mg·g−1） 0.29±0.04 a 0.42±0.08 a 0.33±0.05 a 0.34±0.01 a 超氧化物歧化酶 SOD/（U·g−1） 554.0±8.22 a 571.2±8.80 a 573.8±6.22 a 567.6±6.35 a 过氧化物酶POD/（U·g−1） 661.0±6.9 b 807.2±16.5 a 828.2±34.8 a 604.6±12.0 b 丙二醛 MDA/（nmol·g−1） 17.96±0.6 a 18.68±0.4 a 18.70±1.6 a 19.17±0.2 a 非光化学淬灭系数 NPQ 0.56±0.05 b 0.38±0.02 c 0.56±0.04 b 1.25±0.08 a 光化学效率 Fv/Fm 0.76±0.01 a 0.77±0.01 a 0.70±0.01 b 0.46±0.01 c 光化学淬灭系数 qP 0.71±0.03 b 0.84±0.01 a 0.62±0.02 c 0.76±0.01 b 电子传递速率 ETR 39.91±2.69 b 54.09±0.60 a 37.11±2.43 b 24.20±0.62 c
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