烟秆与竹炭基肥对植烟土壤碳氮组分及微生物的影响

吴凤英; 童晨晓; 张伟婷; 刘东明; 何峥旋; 毛艳玲

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2023.01.014

烟秆与竹炭基肥对植烟土壤碳氮组分及微生物的影响

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2023.01.014

吴凤英^{1, 2,},
童晨晓^{1, 2},
张伟婷^{1, 2},
刘东明^{1, 2},
何峥旋^{1, 2},
毛艳玲^{1, 2, 3, ,}

1.
福建农林大学资源与环境学院，福建　福州　350002
2.
土壤生态系统健康与调控福建省高校重点实验室，福建　福州　350002
3.
自然生物资源保育利用福建省高校工程研究中心，福建　福州　350002

基金项目: 福建省科技厅高校产学研联合创新项目（2021N5002）；福建省林业科技推广项目（2020TG17）；福建省财政厅科技专项资金项目（〔2022〕639号）

详细信息

作者简介:
吴凤英（1997−），女，在读硕士研究生，主要从事土壤碳氮循环研究（E-mail：1755079720@qq.com）

通讯作者:
毛艳玲（1970−），女，博士，教授，主要从事土壤碳氮循环研究（E-mail：fafum@126.com）

中图分类号: S 154
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-11-01
- 修回日期: 2022-12-02
- 网络出版日期: 2023-03-06
- 刊出日期: 2023-01-28

Effects of Tobacco Stalk Biochar- and Bamboo Biochar-based Fertilizers on Carbon, Nitrogen, and Microbes in Soil of Tobacco Field

WU Fengying^{1, 2
,},
TONG Chenxiao^{1, 2},
ZHANG Weiting^{1, 2},
LIU Dongming^{1, 2},
HE Zhengxuan^{1, 2},
MAO Yanling^{1, 2, 3
, ,}

1.
College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian　350002, China
2.
University Key Lab of Soil Ecosystem, Health, and Regulation of Fujian, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian　350002, China
3.
Fujian Colleges and University Engineering Research Institute of Conservation & Utilization of Natural Bioresources, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian　350002, China

摘要

摘要: 目的通过大田试验，研究烟秆和竹炭基肥施用对植烟土壤碳氮组分及微生物的影响，为提升植烟土壤质量提供依据。方法设置不施肥、烟草专用肥、烟秆炭基肥及竹炭基肥4个处理，研究烟秆与竹炭基肥施用后植烟土壤pH、碳、氮组分变化规律及其对酶活性、微生物群落的影响。结果与烟草专用肥处理相比，施用烟秆炭基肥和竹炭基肥，土壤pH均提高0.5个单位以上，可溶性有机碳含量分别提高21.4%和30.7%，易氧化有机碳含量分别提高32.4%和17.9%，可溶性有机氮含量分别提高50.7%和37.7%，颗粒有机氮含量分别提高28.0%和12.7%，土壤蔗糖酶活性分别提高9.4%和3.6%，微生物量碳含量均提高30%以上。烟秆炭基肥处理土壤细菌群落Chao1指数与烟草专用肥处理和竹炭基肥处理相比分别显著提高5.4%和3.2%，而三者间的土壤细菌群落Observed species和Shannon指数无显著差异。烟秆和竹炭基肥处理均影响土壤细菌群落组成结构，变形菌门与不施肥处理相比分别下降5.0%和3.4%。与烟草专用肥处理相比，竹炭基肥处理厚壁菌门丰度提高18.3%，烟秆炭基肥处理玫瑰弯菌属丰度提升64.8%。结论烟秆炭基肥及竹炭基肥均可提高土壤碳、氮组分含量，土壤酶活性和微生物群落丰度，进而优化土壤细菌群落结构。与竹炭基肥相比，烟秆炭基肥对改善土壤环境的效果更为明显。
- 炭基肥 /
- 土壤碳氮组分 /
- 微生物 /
- 植烟土壤 /
- 酶活性
Abstract: Objective Effects of applying tobacco stalk biochar- or bamboo biochar-based fertilizer on the carbon, nitrogen, and microorganisms in soil of tobacco-growing fields were compared. Method In a field experimentation, treatments using no fertilizer as control (CK), a fertilizer designed for tobacco farming (TF), a tobacco stalk biochar-based fertilizer (TBF), or a bamboo biochar-based fertilizer (BBF) were conducted. pH, carbon, nitrogen, enzyme activity, and microbial community of the soil samples were monitored. Result Compared to TF, either TBF or BBF raised by more than 0.5 on soil pH and on microbial biomass carbon by more than 30%; on soluble organic carbon, TBF did by 21.4% and BBF by 30.7%; on oxidizable organic carbon, TBF did by 32.4% and BBF by 17.9% (p＜0.05); on soluble organic nitrogen, TBF did by 50.7% and BBF by 37.7%; on particulate organic nitrogen, TBF did by 28.0% and BBF by 12.7%; and on invertase activity, TBF did by 9.4% and BBF by 3.6%. The Chao1 index of the microbial community in the TBF-treated soil was significantly higher than that of TF-treated counterpart by 5.4% and that of BBF-treated soil by 3.2%. However, there were no significant differences on the observed species or Shannon index of the microbial communities in soils under different treatments. Both TBF and BBF significantly affected the structure of the microbial community in the soil. Notably, the Proteobacteria population decreased by 5.0% under TBF treatment and by 3.4% under BBF treatment in comparison to CK. Even when TF was applied, BBF still managed to generate 18.3% greater abundance on Firmicutes, while TBF 64.8% on Curvularia, in the soil. Conclusion Either TBF or BBF treatment could increase the content of carbon, nitrogen, enzyme activity, and microbial abundance in the tobacco field soil. It helped optimize the structure of the microbial community as well. However, TBF seemed to benefit the improvements more than BBF did.
- Biochar-based fertilizers /
- soil carbon and nitrogen components /
- microbe /
- tobacco planting soil /
- enzymatic activity

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图 1 烟秆和竹炭基肥处理对土壤微生物量碳、氮和酶的影响

Figure 1. Effects of TBF and BBF treatments on soil microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen, and enzymes

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图 2 烟秆和竹炭基肥处理土壤细菌群落分布PCA分析

Figure 2. PCA on microbial distribution in soil treated with TBF or BBF

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图 3 烟秆和竹炭基肥处理对土壤细菌门水平主要菌群相对丰度的影响

Figure 3. Effects of TBF or BBF treatments on relative abundance of major flora in soils at phylum level

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图 4 烟秆和竹炭基肥处理对土壤细菌属水平主要菌群相对丰度的影响

Figure 4. Effects of TBF or BBF treatments on relative abundance of major flora in soils at genus level

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表 1 生物炭基本理化性质

Table 1. Basic physiochemical properties of biochar

材料 Test material	pH	TC/(g·kg⁻¹)	TN/(g·kg⁻¹)	TP/(g·kg⁻¹)	TK/(g·kg⁻¹)	比表面积 Specific surface area/(m²·g⁻¹)
烟秆炭 Tobacco stem biochar	9.74	645.20	22.13	2.53	118.58	10.12
竹炭 Bamboo biochar	11.2	774.47	3.90	2.20	4.10	6.40

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表 2 烟秆和竹炭基肥处理对土壤不同生育期pH的影响

Table 2. Effects of TBF and BBF on soil pH at tobacco growth stages

处理 Treatment	伸根期 Rooting stage	旺长期 Prosperous period	成熟期 Mature period
CK	5.07±0.03 a	4.91±0.01 b	4.84±0.05 b
F	4.59±0.05 b	4.55±0.05 c	4.50±0.07 c
YBF	5.18±0.06 a	5.09±0.09 a	5.03±0.04 a
ZBF	5.20±0.07 a	5.07±0.04 a	5.01±0.02 a
不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P＜0.05)。下同。 Data with different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between treatments (p＜0.05).The same below.

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表 3 烟秆和竹炭基肥处理对土壤碳氮组分的影响

Table 3. Effects of TBF and BBF treatments on soil carbon and nitrogen

处理 Treatment	SOC/(g·kg⁻¹)	DOC/(g·kg⁻¹)	LOC/(g·kg⁻¹)	POC/(g·kg⁻¹)	DON/(mg·kg⁻¹)	PON/(mg·kg⁻¹)	NH₄⁺-N/(mg·kg⁻¹)	NO₃⁻-N/(mg·kg⁻¹)
CK	14.41±0.27 c	0.47±0.0 1b	2.38±0.05 d	2.86±0.10 d	19.43±2.22 b	169.87±7.06 d	6.32±1.27 c	1.14±0.04 c
F	14.62±0.36 c	0.50±0.02 b	2.87±0.05 c	3.10±0.06 c	25.75±3.07 b	208.26±4.70 c	9.17±0.31 c	4.97±0.36 a
YBF	15.38±0.09 b	0.61±0.01 a	3.80±0.11 a	3.66±0.06 a	38.83±3.91 a	266.56±6.22 a	29.38±2.86 a	2.63±0.19 b
ZBF	16.16±0.33 a	0.65±0.03 a	3.38±0.25 b	3.40±0.13 b	35.45±4.89 a	234.66±7.55 b	22.30±1.48 b	2.58±0.18 b
不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P＜0.05)。下同。 Data with different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between treatments (p＜0.05).The same below.

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表 4 烟秆和竹炭基肥处理土壤细菌群落alpha多样性

Table 4. Alpha diversity of microbial community in soil treated with TBF or BBF

处理 Treatment	Chao1指数 Chao1 index	物种数目指数 Observed species	Shannon指数 Shannon index
CK	4022.74±50.92 d	2736.40±93.64 b	9.59±0.16 b
F	4070.07±48.52 bc	2823.60±40.32 ab	9.76±0.15 ab
YBF	4291.49±51.99 a	2905.73±51.17 a	9.86±0.10 ab
ZBF	4160.59±23.85 b	2945.60±38.34 a	10.04±0.09 a

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