施肥对沿海沙地鼓节竹叶片建成成本及适应性的影响

吴君; 何天友; 陈凌艳; 江登辉; 施成坤; 荣俊冬; 郑郁善; 陈礼光

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2023.01.012

施肥对沿海沙地鼓节竹叶片建成成本及适应性的影响

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2023.01.012

吴君^1,,
何天友²,
陈凌艳²,
江登辉²,
施成坤³,
荣俊冬¹,
郑郁善^{1, 2},
陈礼光^1, ,

1.
福建农林大学林学院，福建　福州　350002
2.
福建农林大学园林学院，福建　福州　350002
3.
福建省东山赤山国有防护林场，福建　漳州　363400

基金项目: 福建省科技计划区域发展项目（2015N3015）；福建省科技创新团队项目（闽教科〔2018〕49号）；福建农林大学科技创新发展基金项目（CXZX2017118）

详细信息

作者简介:
吴君（1996−），女，硕士研究生，研究方向：森林培育理论与技术（E-mail：wj1145750160@163.com）

通讯作者:
陈礼光( 1974−) ，男，副教授，硕士生导师，研究方向：森林培育（Email: fjclg@126.com）

中图分类号: S 795.7
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-10-27
- 修回日期: 2022-12-09
- 网络出版日期: 2023-03-06
- 刊出日期: 2023-01-28

Fertilization for Cultivating Bambusa tuldoides on Coastal Sandy Land

1.
College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian　350002, China
2.
College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian　350002, China
3.
Chishan Forest Farm in Dongshan Country, Fujian, Zhangzhou, Fujian　363400, China

摘要

摘要: 目的探究生物炭与氮肥配施条件下沿海沙地鼓节竹的生长发育潜能和适应能力，为沿海沙地防护树种的栽培提供参考。方法以福建省漳州市赤山林场试验地选取的4年生鼓节竹为研究对象，采用生物炭种类（A）、生物炭量（B）和氮肥量（C）3因素3水平正交试验进行施肥管理，测定叶片热值和生物量建成成本，分析鼓节竹在不同施肥条件下相同时期的能量利用策略和适应能力的差异。结果生物炭和氮肥配施能提高鼓节竹叶片碳、氮含量，提高鼓节竹叶片去灰分热值（AFCV）、叶片生物量建成成本（CC_area）及产量。相较于对照组（CK），处理5（小麦秸秆生物炭、400 g·丛⁻¹生物炭量、900 g·丛⁻¹施氮肥量）的碳含量提高了28.83%，出笋量提高了106.38%，叶片单位面积建成成本（CC_area）提高了50.07%，灰分含量（AC）降低了67.63%，去灰分热值（AFCV）处理5最佳。相关分析结果表明，鼓节竹叶片生物量建成成本与去灰分热值（AFCV）、碳含量极显著正相关（P＜0.01），与氮含量、灰分含量（AC）显著负相关（P＜0.05）。极差结果表明，氮肥用量是影响鼓节竹叶片建成成本的首要因素。结论隶属函数结果显示，处理5的作用效果最佳，即400 g·丛⁻¹的小麦生物炭配施900 g·丛⁻¹的氮肥，不仅显著影响鼓节竹的叶片生长及适应性，也对鼓节竹产量产生影响，可以应用于沿海沙地鼓节竹栽培。
- 鼓节竹 /
- 施肥 /
- 热值 /
- 建成成本
Abstract: Objective Growth promotion and adaptability enhancement of Bambusa tuldoides on coastal sandy land in Fujian by application of biochar and nitrogen fertilizer were evaluated. Method Four-year-oldB. tuldoides plants obtained from the Chishan Mountain Farm were used in a 3 factors 3 levels orthogonal experimentation with variables that included applying biochar of different types (A), biochar in different amounts (B), and nitrogen fertilization (C). Calorific value of leaves (AFCV), cost of unit area of biomass (CCarea), and adaptability of the plants were the criteria for economic evaluation and fertilization selection. Result The combined use of biochar and nitrogen fertilizer in cultivating B. tuldoides significantly elevated the carbon, nitrogen, AFCV, cost, and yield of the tree leaves. Treatment No. 5, which applied wheat straw biochar at 400g·plant⁻¹ along with a nitrogen fertilizer at 900g·plant⁻¹, rosed the carbon content in leaves by 28.83%, the number of bamboo shoots by 106.38%, and the CCarea by 50.07%, while lowered the ash content (AC) by 67.63%, over control. In addition, it achieved the highest AFCV among all treatments. An extremely significant correlation was found between the biomass cost and AFCV or carbon content (p＜0.01), whereas a significant negative correlation between that and nitrogen or AC (p＜0.05). Nitrogen fertilization was the primary factor affecting the cost of B. tuldoides biomass. Conclusion Treatment No. 5, which combined the applications of 400g of wheat biochar and 900g of nitrogen fertilizer per plant, significantly enhanced the leaf growth, biomass production, and plant adaptability of B. tuldoides. It was considered the choice fertilization for building the ecologically beneficial forest on the coastal sandy land in the province.
- Bambusa tuldoides /
- fertilization /
- calorific value /
- construction cost

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表 1 试验因素与水平

Table 1. Factors and levels of experimental design

水平 Level	因素 Factor
水平 Level	生物炭种类 Biochar species	生物炭量 Amount of biocha/（g·丛⁻¹）	氮肥量 Amount of nitrogen/（g·丛⁻¹）
1	玉米秸秆生物炭 Corn straw biochar（A1）	100（B1）	300（C1）
2	小麦秸秆生物炭 Wheat straw biochar（A2）	400（B2）	600（C2）
3	水稻秸秆生物炭 Rice straw biochar（A3）	1000（B3）	900（C3）

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表 2 鼓节竹的施肥组合

Table 2. Fertilizations applied for B. tuldoides cultivation

处理 Treatment	施肥组合 Fertilization combination
处理 Treatment	A	B	C
1	A1	B1	C1
2	A1	B2	C2
3	A1	B3	C3
4	A2	B1	C2
5	A2	B2	C3
6	A2	B3	C1
7	A3	B1	C3
8	A3	B2	C1
9	A3	B3	C2
A：生物炭种类；B：生物炭量；C：氮肥量 A: Biochar of different types; B: Biochar in different amounts; C: Nitrogen fertilization

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表 3 不同处理对叶片碳、氮、灰分、比叶面积、去灰分热值的影响

Table 3. Effects of treatments on carbon, nitrogen, ash, specific leaf area, and AFCV of B. tuldoides leaves

处理 Treatment	碳含量 Carbon content/%	氮含量 Nitrogen content/%	灰分含量 AC/%	比叶面积 SLA/（m²·kg⁻¹）	去灰分热值 AFCV/（kJ·g⁻¹）
1	44.59±0.38 ab	2.69±0.46 ab	5.33±0.5 abc	6.99±2.14 b	20.23±0.08 ab
2	41.43±0.31 b	2.34±0.009 b	6.56±0.1 abc	6.72±0.81 b	19.13±0.22 cd
3	45.04±0.36 ab	2.51±0.01 ab	5.51±0.2 abc	6.88±0.51 b	19.21±0.21 cd
4	39.18 ±0.4 b	2.95±3.41 a	7.52±1.92 a	6.58±0.57 b	18.60±0.82 d
5	50.22±0.29 a	2.20±0.02 b	4.49±0.08 c	6.63±0.03 b	20.88±0.09 a
6	48.87±0. 32 a	2.55±0.78 ab	5.06±1.16 bc	7.45±0.91 b	20.39±0.09 ab
7	49.99±0.21 a	2.71±0.01 ab	4.51±0.97 c	7.40±1.81 b	20.13±0.43 ab
8	44.14±0.27 ab	2.49±0.01 ab	6.47±1.0 abc	7.73±1.21 b	20.78±0.42 a
9	41.21±0.11 b	2.22±0.004 b	6.98±1.78 ab	7.01±0.31 b	19.76±0.39 bc
CK	38.98±0.15 b	1.96±0.002 b	7.56±0.98 a	12.61±0.22 a	19.11±0.11 cd
数值为平均值（±标准误），同一列含相同字母表示差异不显著（P＞0.05），不含相同字母表示差异显著（P＜0.05）。 Data are presented as mean±standard error; Those with same letter on same column indicate no significant difference at p＞0.05; Those with different letters, significant difference at p＜0.05.

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表 4 不同处理对叶片单位面积建成成本的影响

Table 4. Effects of treatments on CCarea

处理 Treatment	施肥组合 Fertilization combination			叶片单位面积建成成本 CC_area/ （g·m⁻²）
处理 Treatment	A	B	C	叶片单位面积建成成本 CC_area/ （g·m⁻²）
1	A1	B1	C1	202.14 ab
2	A1	B2	C2	210.57 ab
3	A1	B3	C3	206.22 ab
4	A2	B1	C2	209.18 ab
5	A2	B2	C3	237.15 a
6	A2	B3	C1	200.79 ab
7	A3	B1	C3	203.50 ab
8	A3	B2	C1	195.49 ab
9	A3	B3	C2	213.30 ab
CK				158.03
K1	618.93	614.82	598.42
K2	647.12	643.21	633.05
K3	612.29	620.31	646.87
k1	206.31	204.94	199.47
k2	215.71	214.40	211.02
k3	204.10	206.77	215.62
R	9.40	9.46	16.15
最优组合 The best combination	A2 B2 C3
Ki：第i因素的量之和；ki：第i因素的平均含量；同列不同小写字母表示差异显著(P＜0.05)。表5、表6同。 Ki: Sum of quantities of the i^th factor; Ki:Average content of the i^th factor. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different stands (P＜0.05). The same applied in Table 5 and table 6.

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表 5 不同处理对叶片单位质量建成成本的影响

Table 5. Effects of treatments on CCmass

处理 Treatment	施肥组合 Fertilization combination			叶片单位质量建成成本 CC_mass/ （g·g⁻¹）
处理 Treatment	A	B	C	叶片单位质量建成成本 CC_mass/ （g·g⁻¹）
1	A1	B1	C1	1.45 abc
2	A1	B2	C2	1.44 cde
3	A1	B3	C3	1.42 cde
4	A2	B1	C2	1.39 de
5	A2	B2	C3	1.53 a
6	A2	B3	C1	1.47 ab
7	A3	B1	C3	1.46 ab
8	A3	B2	C1	1.41 cde
9	A3	B3	C2	1.43 bcd
CK				1.38
K1	4.31	4.30	4.33
K2	4.39	4.38	4.27
K3	4.31	4.33	4.41
k1	1.44	1.43	1.44
k2	1.46	1.46	1.42
k3	1.44	1.44	1.47
R	0.02	0.03	0.05
最优组合 The best combination	A2 B2 C3

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表 6 不同处理对鼓节竹出笋量的影响

Table 6. Effects of treatments on number of B. tuldoides shoots emerged

处理 Treatment	施肥组合 Fertilization combination			出笋量 Bamboo shoots yield/ （个·株⁻¹）
处理 Treatment	A	B	C	出笋量 Bamboo shoots yield/ （个·株⁻¹）
1	A1	B1	C1	6.00 b
2	A1	B2	C2	9.67 ab
3	A1	B3	C3	9.00 ab
4	A2	B1	C2	8.33 ab
5	A2	B2	C3	11.00 a
6	A2	B3	C1	8.33 ab
7	A3	B1	C3	10.00 ab
8	A3	B2	C1	8.33 ab
9	A3	B3	C2	6.67 ab
CK				5.33
K1	24.67	24.33	22.66
K2	27.66	29.00	24.67
K3	25.00	23.51	30.00
k1	8.22	8.11	7.55
k2	9.22	9.67	8.22
k3	8.33	7.84	10.00
R	1.00	1.83	2.45
最优组合 The best combination	A2 B2 C3

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表 7 鼓节竹叶片热值相关指标及建成成本的相关性分析

Table 7. Correlations among calorific value-related indices and biomass cost-related factors of B. tuldoides leaves

项目 Item	单位质量建成成本 CC_mass	单位面积建成成本 CC_area	去灰分热值 AFCV	氮含量 Nitrogen content	碳含量 Carbon content	灰分含量 AC	比叶面积 SLA	出笋量 Bamboo shoots yield
单位质量建成成本 CC_mass	1
单位面积建成成本 CC_area	0.527*	1
去灰分热值 AFCV	0.758**	0.205	1
氮含量 Nitrogen content	−0.273	−0.423*	−0.394	1
碳含量 Carbon content	0.871**	0.245	0.718**	−0.174	1
灰分含量 AC	−0.852**	−0.296	−0.624*	0.141	−0.958**	1
比叶面积 SLA	0.148	−0.663*	0.565*	0.064	0.353	−0214	1
出笋量 Bamboo shoots yield	0.29	0.299	0.099	−0.217	0.413	−0.418	−0.175	1
：P＜0.05，显著相关；：P＜0.01，极显著相关。：P＜0.05, significant correlation；**：P＜0.01, highly significant correlation.

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表 8 不同生物炭与氮肥配施对鼓节竹的综合评价

Table 8. Overall evaluation on biochar/nitrogen fertilizer combinations for B. tuldoides cultivation

处理 Treatment	单位质量建成成本 CC_mass	单位面积建成成本 CC_area	去灰分热值 AFCV	氮含量 Nitrogen content	碳含量 Carbon content	灰分含量 AC	比叶面积 SLA	出笋量 Bamboo shoots yield	综合评价 Comprehe-nsive evaluation	排序 Sort
1	0.12	0.05	0.09	0.13	0.01	0.05	0.02	0.04	0.50	7
2	0.04	0.04	0.03	0.07	0.01	0.12	0.01	0.23	0.54	6
3	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.10	0.01	0.06	0.01	0.20	0.49	8
4	0.01	0.04	0.00	0.18	0.00	0.17	0.00	0.16	0.57	5
5	0.19	0.07	0.13	0.04	0.02	0.00	0.00	0.31	0.76	1
6	0.13	0.04	0.10	0.11	0.02	0.03	0.03	0.16	0.63	4
7	0.14	0.04	0.09	0.13	0.02	0.00	0.03	0.25	0.71	2
8	0.06	0.03	0.13	0.09	0.01	0.11	0.05	0.16	0.64	3
9	0.07	0.05	0.07	0.05	0.01	0.14	0.02	0.07	0.47	9
CK	0.00	0.00	0.03	0.00	0.00	0.18	0.24	0.00	0.44	10

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