Sprouting of Pinus yunnanensis Seedlings in Response to N/P Application
-
摘要:
目的 以1年生平茬后的云南松苗木为材料,研究不同氮、磷配施对云南松苗木的萌蘖能力的影响,并筛选最佳的氮磷配施用量。 方法 以1年生云南松苗木为研究对象,采用2因素3水平3×3回归设计,研究云南松苗木平茬后土壤氮、磷配施对云南松苗木萌蘖能力的影响。 结果 云南松苗木平茬后的萌蘖数量符合Logistic增长过程并不受氮、磷肥配施的影响;施用氮、磷肥可促进云南松苗木的萌蘖能力,可影响苗木第二次萌蘖的时间和高峰,且苗木萌蘖数量配施效果较单施好;云南松苗木萌蘖数量对氮、磷配施的响应规律符合二元二次回归方程,在施氮肥0.29 g·株−1、磷肥1.02 g·株−1时,苗木的萌蘖数量达到最大;施用氮、磷肥可促进云南松苗木潜在萌条和有效萌条生长,潜在萌条单施且单施磷肥效果比配施效果好,有效萌条在0.4 、0.8 g·株−1的氮磷配合施用时效果更佳。 结论 氮磷配施比单施更利于萌蘖数量的增加,高磷处理有利于潜在萌条的生长,中等浓度的氮磷配合施用更有利于有效萌条的生长。 Abstract:Objective Effect of N and P fertilization on the sprouting of Pinus yunnanensis seedlings was studied. Methods One-year-old P. yunnanensis seedlings after coppicing were used in a two-factors-three-levels 3×3 regression experimentation to optimize the fertilization. Results The number of sprouts emerged from the seedlings after coppicing followed the logistic growth pattern independent of N/P application. However, the fertilization promoted the sprouting, altered the time and peak of second sprouting, and increased the sprout count more than when N or P was applied alone. The tillers responded to the N/P application in a binary quadratic regression function to reach the highest count with the input of 0.29 g of N and 1.02 g of P per plant. The combined N/P application enhanced the growth of both potential and effective sprouts on the seedlings, especially, on the effective sprouts, the best result was to use N at 0.4 g and P at 0.8 g·plant−1. On the other hand, application of N or P alone exerted a greater effect than the combined one on the potential sprouts. Conclusion Combined N/P fertilization was more conducive to the increase of the number of sprouts on the seedlings than N or P fertilizer was applied alone. Although high P fertilization benefitted the growth of potential sprouts, when combined with N the application at a medium concentration encouraged the growth of effective sprouts. -
Key words:
- Pinus yunnanensis Franch /
- coppicing /
- N/P fertilization /
- sprouting ability
-
表 1 云南松苗木氮磷配施试验方案
Table 1. Experimental design of N/P fertilization on P. yunnanensis seedlings
处理 Treatments 氮 Nitrogen/(g·株−1) 磷 Phosphorus/(g·株−1) 1 0 0 2 0 0.8 3 0 1.6 4 0.4 0 5 0.4 0.8 6 0.4 1.6 7 0.8 0 8 0.8 0.8 9 0.8 1.6 表 2 云南松苗木萌蘖数量动态Logistics模型拟合结果
Table 2. Fitting of dynamic logistic model on sprout count of P. yunnanensis seedlings
处理
Treatmentsk a b 速生点
Fast growing pointR2 F P 1 7.4812 31.9457 1.1009 29 0.9674 51.0781 0.0001 2 7.8076 12.1406 0.4798 25 0.9785 78.7141 0.0001 3 7.5055 5.7569 0.2226 26 0.9644 46.5785 0.0001 4 7.4650 3.8883 0.1423 27 0.9834 102.8884 0.0001 5 7.1678 6.2320 0.2362 26 0.9750 67.2761 0.0001 6 6.8361 141.6461 4.7373 30 0.9618 43.2031 0.0001 7 7.3449 571.8946 19.0795 30 0.9906 183.9769 0.0001 8 6.1220 64.3657 2.1641 30 0.9883 147.1938 0.0001 9 7.2148 149.5212 4.9989 30 0.9865 127.1308 0.0001 表 3 不同时间的云南松苗木萌蘖数量曲面方程
Table 3. Surface equation on sprout count of P. yunnanensis seedlings at different times
施肥时间
Fertilization time/d曲面方程
Surface equationR2 F P 30 Y=3.888+9.963N+0.534P−17.013N2−0.244P2−0.124NP 0.173 2.293 0.045 60 Y=6.321+5.695N+0.299P−10.937N2+0.240P2−0.588NP+0.240P2−0.588NP 0.136 0.768 0.017 90 Y=6.598+1.321N+1.648P−0.461N2−0.321P2−4.112NP 0.176 2.293 0.045 180 Y=7.122+6.172N−0.205P−6.621N2+1.518P2−4.510NP 0.235 3.391 0.005 270 Y=4.989+7.050N+2.144P−6.210N2−0.790P2−4.175NP 0.217 2.445 0.035 表 4 云南松萌蘖数量在双因素影响下的理论产量
Table 4. Theoretical yield of P. yunnanensis sprouts affected by two factors
处理
Treatments氮
Nitrogen/(g·株−1)磷
Phosphorus/(g·株−1)萌蘖数量
Number of tillers/条30 d 60 d 90 d 180 d 270 d 1 0 0 3.89 6.32 6.60 7.12 4.99 2 0 0.8 4.16 6.71 7.71 7.93 6.20 3 0 1.6 4.12 7.41 8.41 10.68 6.40 4 0.4 0 5.15 6.85 7.05 8.53 6.82 5 0.4 0.8 5.38 7.05 6.85 7.90 6.69 6 0.4 1.6 5.30 7.57 6.24 9.20 5.55 7 0.8 0 0.97 3.88 7.36 7.82 6.65 8 0.8 0.8 1.16 3.89 5.84 5.74 5.19 9 0.8 1.6 1.04 4.22 3.91 5.61 2.72 -
[1] 郑万均, 傅立国. 中国植物志. 第7卷[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 1978: 203-281. [2] 吴征镒, 朱彦承, 姜汉侨. 云南植被[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 1987: 417-419. [3] 金振州, 彭鉴. 云南松[M]. 昆明: 云南科技出版社, 2004: 154−155. [4] 王世端. 平茬—培育优质苗木的重要措施 [J]. 中国花卉盆景, 1990(11):11.WANG S D. Flat stubble-an important measure to cultivate high-quality seedlings [J]. China Flower & Penjing, 1990(11): 11.(in Chinese) [5] 鲁如坤. 我国土壤氮、磷、钾的基本状况 [J]. 土壤学报, 1989, 26(3):280−286. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0564-3929.1989.03.005LU R K. General status of nutrients (N, P, K) in soils of China [J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 1989, 26(3): 280−286.(in Chinese) doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0564-3929.1989.03.005 [6] 李洪娜, 许海港, 任饴华, 等. 不同施氮水平对矮化富士苹果幼树生长、氮素利用及内源激素含量的影响 [J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2015, 21(5):1304−1311. doi: 10.11674/zwyf.2015.0525LI H N, XU H G, REN Y H, et al. Effect of different N application rates on plant growth, 15N-urea utilization and hormone content of dwarf apple trees [J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, 2015, 21(5): 1304−1311.(in Chinese) doi: 10.11674/zwyf.2015.0525 [7] 李承东. 氮磷钾配比施肥对中国无忧花苗木生长及生理特性的影响[D]. 南宁: 广西大学, 2020.LI C D. Effects of combined fertilization of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium on the growth and physiological characteristics of Chinese worry-free flowers seedlings[D]. Nanning: Guangxi University, 2020. (in Chinese) [8] 左永忠, 任宏忠, 刘滨, 等. 苗木施肥生理基础及优化施肥的研究 [J]. 河北林果研究, 1994, 9(S1):97−103.ZUO Y Z, REN H Z, LIU B, et al. Studies on rational fertilization of seedling and its physiological aspects [J]. Hebei Journal of Forestry and Orchard Research, 1994, 9(S1): 97−103.(in Chinese) [9] 张跃敏, 李根前, 李莲芳, 等. 氮磷配施对云南松实生苗生长的效应 [J]. 西南林学院学报, 2009(3):5−10.ZHANG Y M, LI G Q, LI L F, et al. Fertilization effect of nitrogen combination with phosphorus on seedling growth of Pinus yunnanensis [J]. Journal of Southwest Forestry University, 2009(3): 5−10.(in Chinese) [10] 王瑜, 车凤仙, 方芳, 等. 氮、磷叶面施肥对云南松苗木萌蘖的影响 [J]. 山西农业大学学报(自然科学版), 2021, 41(6):41−48.WANG Y, CHE F X, FANG F, et al. Response of sprouting ability of Pinus yunnanensis seedlings to different rates of nitrogen and phospho-rus foliar fertilizer [J]. Journal of Shanxi Agricultural University (Natural Science Edition), 2021, 41(6): 41−48.(in Chinese) [11] 李亚麒, 聂恺宏, 王军民, 等. 云南松苗木分化对生物量分配的影响 [J]. 山西农业大学学报(自然科学版), 2019, 39(5):41−45.LI Y Q, NIE K H, WANG J M, et al. Effect of seedling differentiation of Pinus yunnanensis on biomass allocation [J]. Journal of Shanxi Agricultural University (Natural Science Edition), 2019, 39(5): 41−45.(in Chinese) [12] 张跃敏, 李根前, 李莲芳, 等. 氮磷配施对云南松实生苗生长的影响 [J]. 林业调查规划, 2009, 34(3):27−32. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-3168.2009.03.007ZHANG Y M, LI G Q, LI L F, et al. Effect of combined application of nitrogen and phosphorus on the growth of Pinus yunnanensis seedlings [J]. Forest Inventory and Planning, 2009, 34(3): 27−32.(in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-3168.2009.03.007 [13] 刘君, 朱良其, 黑银秀, 等. 西兰花苗期生长模型的拟合和分析 [J]. 浙江农业学报, 2016, 28(12):2040−2046. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2016.12.12LIU J, ZHU L Q, HEI Y X, et al. Growth model fitting and analysis of broccoli seedlings [J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2016, 28(12): 2040−2046.(in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2016.12.12 [14] 马鄂超, 何江勇, 杨国江. 第四讲肥料效应田间试验设计 [J]. 新疆农垦科技, 2006, 29(2):58−60. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-361X.2006.02.038MA E C, HE J Y, YANG G J. The fourth lecture is the field experiment design of fertilizer effect [J]. Xinjiang Farmland Reclamation Science & Technology, 2006, 29(2): 58−60.(in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-361X.2006.02.038 [15] 陈素传, 肖正东, 江朝宝, 等. 欧洲榛子平茬促萌试验 [J]. 安徽农业科学, 2000, 28(5):661. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2000.05.059CHEN S C, XIAO Z D, JIANG C B, et al. The experiment in filbert germination [J]. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences, 2000, 28(5): 661.(in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2000.05.059 [16] 陈沐, 曹敏, 林露湘. 木本植物萌生更新研究进展 [J]. 生态学杂志, 2007, 26(7):1114−1118. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-4890.2007.07.026CHEN M, CAO M, LIN L X. Research advances in regeneration of woody plants by sprouting [J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2007, 26(7): 1114−1118.(in Chinese) doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-4890.2007.07.026 [17] 聂恺宏, 吉生丽, 邹旭, 等. 中国沙棘平茬萌蘖动态及其对种群结构的影响 [J]. 云南大学学报(自然科学版), 2018, 40(4):804−813.NIE K H, JI S L, ZOU X, et al. Stump sprouting dynamics of Hippophae rhamnoides ssp. sinensis and its effects on population structure [J]. Journal of Yunnan University (Natural Sciences Edition), 2018, 40(4): 804−813.(in Chinese) [18] 胡建忠. 沙棘平茬后年生长节律及再生能力的研究 [J]. 沙棘, 1991(4):25−32.HU J Z. Study on the Growth Rhythm and regenerative ability of Hippophae rhamniodes stumping in Later Years [J]. Seabuckthorn Hippophae, 1991(4): 25−32.(in Chinese) [19] 朱万泽, 王金锡, 罗成荣, 等. 森林萌生更新研究进展 [J]. 林业科学, 2007, 43(9):74−82. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1001-7488.2007.09.015ZHU W Z, WANG J X, LUO C R, et al. Progresses of studies on forest sprout regeneration [J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2007, 43(9): 74−82.(in Chinese) doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1001-7488.2007.09.015 [20] 冯辉, 王海洋, 张楠, 等. 森林木本植物萌蘖更新的研究进展 [J]. 贵州农业科学, 2011, 39(9):177−180,184. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-3601.2011.09.049FENG H, WANG H Y, ZHANG N, et al. Research progress of sprout tiller regeneration of forest woody plants [J]. Guizhou Agricultural Sciences, 2011, 39(9): 177−180,184.(in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-3601.2011.09.049 [21] 杨珍平, 郝教敏, 苗果园. 黄土母质生土当年施肥对混作根际土壤生物活性及土壤营养的影响 [J]. 水土保持学报, 2010, 24(5):223−227,257.YANG Z P, HAO J M, MIAO G Y. Effect of immature loess subsoil fertilization in current year on rhizospheric soil biological activity and nutrient of mixture cropping [J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2010, 24(5): 223−227,257.(in Chinese) [22] 李博. 生态学[M]. 北京: 高等教育出版社, 2000. [23] 焦亚鹏, 齐鹏, 王晓娇, 等. 氮磷配施对黄土高原旱作农业区典型农田土壤无机磷形态的影响 [J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2020, 26(8):1459−1472. doi: 10.11674/zwyf.20063JIAO Y P, QI P, WANG X J, et al. Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization on inorganic phosphorus forms of typical farmland soil in the dry farming area of the Loess Plateau [J]. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science, 2020, 26(8): 1459−1472.(in Chinese) doi: 10.11674/zwyf.20063 [24] 陈磊, 郝明德, 张少民. 黄土高原长期施肥对小麦产量及肥料利用率的影响 [J]. 麦类作物学报, 2006, 26(5):101−105. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-1041.2006.05.023CHEN L, HAO M D, ZHANG S M. Effect of long-term application of fertilizer on wheat yield and fertilizer use efficiency in loess plateau [J]. Journal of Triticeae Crops, 2006, 26(5): 101−105.(in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-1041.2006.05.023 [25] 谷凌云, 和亚君, 李福秀. 不同水肥管理对川滇桤木萌条生长及热值的影响 [J]. 云南农业大学学报(自然科学版), 2011, 26(5):683−688.GU L Y, HE Y J, LI F X. Effects on Growth and Heat Value of Alnus ferdinandi-coburgiiin Different Water and Fertilizer Managements [J]. Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University, 2011, 26(5): 683−688.(in Chinese) [26] 王晓丽, 杨杰, 吴波, 等. 氮、磷配施对直干桉苗木生长和养分含量的影响 [J]. 云南大学学报(自然科学版), 2022, 44(1):171−178.WANG X L, YANG J, WU B, et al. Effects of combined application of nitrogen and phosphorus on the growth and nutrient content of Eucalyptus maidenii seedlings [J]. Journal of Yunnan University (Natural Sciences Edition), 2022, 44(1): 171−178.(in Chinese) [27] 付志高, 李莲芳, 王凯, 等. 缓释肥及氮和磷肥配施对滇油杉野生移栽苗木生长和生物量的影响 [J]. 四川农业大学学报, 2021, 39(2):212−219. doi: 10.16036/j.issn.1000-2650.2021.02.011FU Z G, LI L F, WANG K, et al. Effects of slow-release fertilizer matching N and P fertilizer on growth and biomass for wild transplanted seedlings of Keteleeria evelyniana [J]. Journal of Sichuan Agricultural University, 2021, 39(2): 212−219.(in Chinese) doi: 10.16036/j.issn.1000-2650.2021.02.011 [28] 林国祚, 彭彦, 谢耀坚. 不同营养液下尾巨桉幼苗生长及生理特性的变化 [J]. 热带作物学报, 2012, 33(3):499−504. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2012.03.019LIN G Z, PENG Y, XIE Y J. Growth and physiological characteristics changes of Eucalyptus urophylla × e. grandis seedlings in different nutrient solutions [J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2012, 33(3): 499−504.(in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2012.03.019