Evaluation and Developing Pattern on "Production-Living-Ecological" Functions in Suburban Rural Area: A Case Study of 59 Villages in Jin'an District of Fuzhou City
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摘要:
目的 开展城郊型乡村“三生”功能评价，厘清乡村发展的要素差异和空间特征，提出村庄分类发展策略，助力乡村振兴。 方法 以晋安区北部59个村庄为例，将乡村发展分成生产、生活和生态三方面要素，从“三生”视角构建村级乡村发展评价体系；运用TOPSIS法分析要素差异，并依据要素显著水平进行村庄空间定位，重构以“中心村”为依托的多村结合、联村共振的区域发展路径和振兴方案。 结果 （1）晋安区北部农村发展要素水平不高，要素间差异较大，表现为北低南高。（2）受地形地貌限制，少量分布在区域干道附近或地貌比较平坦的村庄，生活条件和产业发展较显著；生活显著的行政村表现为交通比较方便、人口相对密集、资源比较丰富；生产显著的行政村表现为资源和土地利用比较丰富，交通可达性好，但生活条件相对滞后；生态显著的行政村表现为自然资源比较丰富，但交通可达性不足，生活环境条件欠佳。 结论 晋安区可以形成12个功能定位不同、生产生活生态结合的乡村板块。研究结果可为分类施策、科学引导形成突出特色的城郊型乡村“三生”协调空间格局提供科学依据。 Abstract:Objective To evaluate the "production-living-ecological" function of suburban rural areas, clarify the element differences and spatial characteristics of rural development, and propose the classified development strategy for villages to promote rural revitalization. Method Taking 59 villages in the north of Jin'an District as an example, the rural development elements were divided into three aspects: production, living and ecology. An evaluation system for village-level rural development was constructed from the perspective of "production-living-ecological" function. The TOPSIS method was used to analyze the elements differences, and villages were spatially positioned based on the significance level of elements. A regional development path and revitalization scheme were reconstructed, focusing on a "central village" and combining multiple villages for a resonant development. Result (1) The level of rural development factors in the north of Jin'an District is not high, with significant differences between elements, characterized by lower levels in the north and higher in the south. (2) Limited by terrain and landform, a few villages distributed near regional roads or with relatively flat landform, have significant living conditions and industrial development. Administrative villages with significant living conditions are characterized by convenient transportation, relatively dense population and abundant resources. Those with significant production function are marked by abundant resources and land use, good accessibility, but relatively backward living conditions. Villages with significant ecology function have rich natural resources, but lack transportation accessibility and have poor living environmental conditions. Conclusion Jin'an District could form 12 rural sectors with different functional orientations and the combination of production, living and ecology. The results could provide a scientific basis for categorizing strategies and scientifical guiding on the formation of a prominent characteristic spatial pattern of suburban rural areas with coordinated "production-living-ecology" functions. -
图 1 乡村演化与乡村重构的逻辑与路径
Figure 1. Logic and path of rural evolution and rural reconstruction
图 2 不同行政村乡村发展指数变化
Figure 2. Changes in rural development index of different administrative villages
图 3 乡村发展指数空间分布
白色区域为市区。
Figure 3. Spatial distribution of rural development index
The white area represents urban areas.
表 1 “三生”功能乡村发展评价指标体系
Table 1. Evaluation index for rural development of “Production-living-ecological” function
要素层 Element 指标层 Index 计算方法 Description 权重 Weight 生产功能
Production function（PF)粮豆人均产量/t 村粮豆总产量/总人口数 1/9 蔬果人均产量/t 村蔬果总产量/总人口数 1/9 本村就业比例/% 留守就业人数/总人口数 1/9 产值人均数/元 村生产总值/总人口数 1/9 技术人口比例/% 村技能型人员数量/总人口数 1/9 合作社数量/个 村建立并实际运营的合作社数量 1/9 村外援人才状况 3年内平均村干部挂职和下派干部人数 1/9 乡贤情况 处科级以上领导+村人才学历（博士、硕士） 1/9 通村公路硬化率/% 村内公路硬化总里程/村内公路总里程 1/9 生活功能
Living function（LF）现代房屋户比例/% 1990年后建设且完好的房屋数量/总房屋数量 1/11 活动中心情况/个 各自然村活动中心数量和 1/11 学校教育方便性/个 幼儿园数量×0.5+小学数量×0.5 1/11 生活用品采购便利性/个 村内小卖部数量和 1/11 居民文化提升机会 图书角数量×0.5+（会堂或讲堂数量）×0.5 1/11 居民办事方便状况 村中有无居民服务中心 1/11 党员比例/% 村党员人数/总人口数 1/11 党员数量/人 村党员人数 1/11 人均纯收入/元 家庭纯收入总量和/村内总人口数 1/11 农村自来水状况/% 各自然村自来水开通比例 1/11 村卫生服务状况 村卫生服务站数量 1/11 生态功能
Ecological function（EF）森林覆盖率/% 森林总面积/村地域总面积 1/5 垃圾集中处理状况/% 自然村集中垃圾处理点覆盖比例 1/5 污水处理情况/% 各主要河流定期整治数/总河流数量 1/5 美丽乡村建设状况/分 按级别设定分值（国家级5、省级4、市级3、县级1） 1/5 村规民约制定状况 有无制定村规民约及针对性比例 1/5 
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表 2 乡村功能与类型识别
Table 2. Rural function and type identification
主导空间
Dominant condition辅助空间
Auxiliary condition村庄类型
Village type村庄 Village 生活 Living 生产 集聚提升 岭头村、中心村、胜利村、前洋村 生态 融入城镇 宦溪村、日溪村、湖山村、垄头村、湖中村 生产+生态 集聚提升 红寮村、宜夏村、创新村、鹅鼻村、峨嵋村、寿山村、汶洋村、井后村、梓山村、降虎村、上寮村 生产 Production 生活 集聚提升 过仑村、江南竹村 生态 搬迁撤并 洲洋村、建立村 生活+生态 特色保护 叶洋村、点洋村、弥高村、恩顶茶场、山头顶村、 生态 Ecology 生活 特色保护 板桥村、石牌村、九峰村、芙蓉村、亥由村、溪下村、贵洋村、菜岭村、南洋村、山溪村 生产 搬迁撤并 上仑村、优山村、长基村、东坪村、增楼村、牛项村、黄土岗村、吾洋村、黄田村、
红庙村、沙溪村、大坂村、汶石村、南峰村、党洋村、铁坑村、万洋村、山秀园村生活+生产 特色保护 民义村、芹石村
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表 3 聚类分析归类
Table 3. Cluster analysis
类型 Type 村庄 Village 一类 山溪村、红寮村、上寮村、中心村、垄头村、岭头村、宜夏村、宦溪村、日溪村 二类 鹅鼻村、石牌村、过仑村、降虎村、板桥村、黄土岗村 三类 叶洋村、上仑村、胜利村、长基村、优山村、创新村 四类 恩顶茶场、南洋村、增楼村、洲洋村、建立村、民义村、亥由村、黄田村、牛项村、弥高村、峨嵋村、湖山村、湖中村、溪下村、
前洋村、山头顶村、江南竹村、红庙村、沙溪村、吾洋村、贵洋村、菜岭村、九峰村、大坂村、芙蓉村、芹石村、寿山村、点洋村、
汶洋村、汶石村、南峰村、东坪村、党洋村、铁坑村、万洋村、井后村、梓山村、山秀园村
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