福建蜜柚炭疽病菌的生物学特性及高效防治药剂筛选

赖宝春; 姚锦爱

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2022.06.014

福建蜜柚炭疽病菌的生物学特性及高效防治药剂筛选

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2022.06.014

赖宝春^1,,
姚锦爱^2, ,

1.
漳州市农业科学研究所，福建　漳州　363005
2.
福建省作物有害生物监测与治理重点实验室/福建省农业科学院植物保护研究所/福建省作物有害生物绿色防控工程研究中心，福建　福州　350013

基金项目: 福建省科技计划项目（2020N0057）；福建省农业科学院科技创新团队建设项目（STTT2021-2-2）；福建省农业高质量发展超越“5511”协同创新工程项目（XTCXGC2021011）

详细信息

作者简介:
赖宝春（1979-），女，副研究员，主要从事植物病害生物防治方面研究（E-mail：lbc1999@163.com）

通讯作者:
姚锦爱（1978−），女，研究员，主要从事植物病害生物防治方面研究（E-mail：yaoja@163.com）

中图分类号: S 435
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-03-03
- 修回日期: 2022-03-30
- 网络出版日期: 2022-08-07
- 刊出日期: 2022-06-28

Biological Characteristics of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Fungicides for Disease Control on Honey Pomelo in Fujian

LAI Baochun^1
,,
YAO Jinai^{2
, ,}

1.
Zhangzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Zhangzhou, Fujian　363005, China
2.
Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests/Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Fujian Engineering Research Center for Green Pest Management, Fuzhou, Fujian　350013, China

摘要

摘要: 目的明确蜜柚炭疽病病原菌（Colletotrichum gloeosporioides）的生物学特性，筛选高效安全杀菌剂，以期指导蜜柚种植生产。方法采用十字交叉法和血球计数法分别测定温度、pH和光照对菌丝生长及产孢量的影响，以及菌丝的致死温度；利用菌丝生长速率法，测定4种杀菌剂对蜜柚炭疽病菌的室内毒力。结果蜜柚炭疽病菌的菌丝生长最适温度为25 ℃，产孢最适温度为30 ℃、菌丝生长和产孢最适pH值均为7、光照条件对菌丝生长影响有限，但光照有利于产孢，菌丝生长致死温度为51 ℃，10 min。室内毒力测定结果表明，4种杀菌剂对蜜柚炭疽病菌菌丝生长均具有不同程度的抑制作用，其中咪鲜胺抑菌效果最好，EC₅₀为0.017 1 mg·L⁻¹，其次为苯醚甲环唑和吡唑醚菌酯，EC₅₀分别为0.023 7和0.034 5 mg·L⁻¹，而多菌灵相比之下效果偏差，为0.258 6 mg·L⁻¹。结论温度和pH能影响蜜柚炭疽病菌生长及产孢，但光照条件对菌丝生长影响有限。咪鲜胺对蜜柚炭疽病病原菌具有较好的室内毒力。
- 蜜柚 /
- 炭疽病菌 /
- 生物学特性 /
- 药剂筛选
Abstract: Objective Biological characteristics of the pathogen, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, that infects the honey pomelos in Fujian were studied, and effective antifungal agents evaluated. Method Effects of temperature, light, and pH on the mycelial growth, lethality, and sporulation of C. gloeosporioides were determined by crisscrossing and cell count methods. An in vitro toxicity test based on the mycelial growth rate was conducted to examine the efficacy of 4 fungicides against the anthracnose. Result The optimum conditions for the pathogenic development included 25 ℃ for mycelial growth and 30 ℃ for sporulation at pH 7 and light exposure for sporulation. The mycelia died at 51 ℃ in 10 m. The indoor virulence test on the fungicides showed prochloraz with the lowest EC₅₀ at 0.0171 mg·L⁻¹, followed by difenoconazole at 0.0237 mg·L⁻¹, pyraclostrobin at 0.0345 mg·L⁻¹, and carbendazim at 0.2586 mg·L⁻¹. Conclusion Temperature and pH exerted significant effects on the growth and sporulation of C. gloeosporioides. Limited effect was observed the mycelial growth by light exposure. Among the tested fungicides, prochloraz exhibited the greatest potential for controlling C. gloeosporioides.
- honey pomelo /
- Colletotrichum gloeosporioides /
- biological characteristics /
- fungicides evaluation

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图 1 温度对蜜柚炭疽病菌菌丝生长和产孢量的影响

不同大写字母表示差异极显著（P＜0.01）。图2、3同。

Figure 1. Effects of temperature on mycelial growth and sporulation of C. gloeosporioides

Data with different uppercase letters indicate highly significant difference at P＜0.01. Same for Figs. 2 and 3.

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图 2 pH对蜜柚炭疽病菌菌丝生长和产孢量的影响

Figure 2. Effects of pH on mycelial growth and sporulation of C. gloeosporioides

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 光照条件对蜜柚炭疽病菌菌丝生长和产孢量的影响

Figure 3. Effects of light condition on mycelial growth and sporulation of C. gloeosporioides

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 蜜柚炭疽病菌菌丝生长致死温度

A为45 ℃；B为50 ℃；C为51 ℃。

Figure 4. Lethal temperature of C. gloeosporioides mycelia

A: 45 ℃; B: 50 ℃; C: 51 ℃.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 4种供试药剂对蜜柚炭疽病的毒力

Table 1. Toxicities of 4 fungicides against C. gloeosporioides

供试药剂 Fungicides	毒力回归方程 Toxicity regression equation	EC₅₀/（mg·L⁻¹）	95% 置信区间 95% Confidence interval/(mg·L⁻¹)	相关系数r Correlation coefficient r
咪鲜胺 Prochloraz	y=5.8060+0.4563x	0.0171	0.0127~0.0232	0.9957
苯醚甲环唑 Difenoconazole	y=5.5791+0.4206x	0.0237	0.0173~0.0324	0.9949
吡唑醚菌酯 Pyraclostrobin	y=5.6197+0.4238x	0.0345	0.0228~0.0521	0.9902
多菌灵 Carbendazim	y=5.2430+0.4136x	0.2586	0.1705~0.3921	0.9892

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