Breeding and Application of High-quality, Blast-resistant, Long-shelf-life Fragrant Fuxiangzhan Rice
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摘要:
目的 为满足优质稻米市场的需求，选育优质、抗稻瘟病、耐储藏香稻新品种。 方法 选用优质常规稻粤晶丝苗2号与优质常规香稻H603杂交，通过系谱法和穿梭育种，后代同步进行稻米品质、稻瘟病抗性和耐储藏特性鉴定，于2015年育成优质、抗病和耐储藏的香稻新品种福香占。 结果 福香占于2018–2019年参加福建省中稻区试、续试和生产试验，米质达部颁二等优质食用稻品种品质标准，中抗稻瘟病，耐储藏，具有香味。该品种于2020年通过福建省品种审定委员会审定（闽审稻20200011），分别于2018、2019年在福建省优质稻活动中获得银奖、金奖，于2020年获得第三届全国优质稻品种食味品质鉴评籼稻组金奖。 结论 福香占具有米质优、中抗稻瘟病、耐储藏、有香味等优点，属于高档香型优质稻，适宜在福建作中稻种植。 Abstract:Objective A high-quality, blast-resistant, long-shelf-life fragrant rice variety was bred for cultivation in Fujian. Method Yuejingsimiao No.2, a conventional high-quality rice, was crossed with H603, a traditional high-quality fragrant rice, by pedigree method and shuttle breeding. The obtained offspring were concurrently evaluated on grain quality, blast resistance, and storage stability. Results In 2015, Fuxiangzhan was selected to participate in the regional, continuous, and production trials on mid-season rice in Fujian Province from 2018 to 2019. It was judged to be Grade 2 for edible rice according to the standard set forth by Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, certified to be moderately resistant to blast with long shelf life and the aromatic characteristics, approved by Fujian Provincial Crop Variety Appraisal Committee in 2020, and awarded a silver medal in 2018 and a gold medal in 2019 at provincial competitions, in addition to a gold medal for indica rice at the 3rd National High-quality Rice Variety Taste Test in 2020. Conclusions Fuxiangzhan was a high-quality fragrant rice with medium blast resistance and long storage shelf life that appeared suitable for mid-season cultivation in Fujian. -
Key words:
- Rice /
- high quality /
- blast resistance /
- shelf life /
- fragrance /
- Fuxiangzhan
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图 3 福香占和明恢63接种稻瘟病菌的表型观察
Figure 3. Phenotypes of Fuxiangzhan and Minghui 63 inoculated with Magnaporthe oryzae
图 4 福香占中Pita和Pia基因编码区序列比对
A-Pita基因；B-Pia基因。
Figure 4. Alignment of Fuxiangzhan Pita and Pia sequences
A: Pita gene; B: Pia gene.
图 5 自然老化和人工老化后的耐储性鉴定
A：稻谷自然老化和人工老化后种子发芽情况；B：稻谷自然老化和人工老化后种子的发芽率变化趋势；C：稻谷自然老化和人工老化后种子的发芽率。FXZ：福香占，FH7185：福恢7185，H2：航2号；CK：稻谷放置于室温自然老化；T：人工老化处理，温度40 ℃，湿度80%；0 d、21 d、28 d、35 d、42 d分别代表人工老化处理时间。
Figure 5. Shelf life and vigor of seeds with or without artificial accelerated aging
(A) Seed germination after artificial aging; (B) Trend of germination rate; (C) Seed germination rates with and without (CK) artificial accelerated aging. FXZ: Fuxiangzhan; FH7185: Fuhui 7185; H2: Hang 2. CK: Seeds naturally aged at ambient temperature; T: Seeds treated by artificial accelerated aging at 40 ℃ and 80% RH; 0 d, 21 d, 28 d, 35 d, and 42 d indicate number of days under artificial aging.
表 1 PCR扩增引物设计
Table 1. Design of primers for PCR amplification
引物Primer 序列Sequence（5′-3′） Pia-CDS-F ATGGAGGCCGCGCTTCTGAG Pia-CDS-R TCATGTACAAGAAGGCACCA Pita-CDS-F1 AACTAACGAGGCATAATCTC Pita-CDS-R1 TAACATCTACTGGTTGGACC Pita-CDS-F2 GTAGCAGTGATGGTGGAGA Pita-CDS-R2 TTGTGAAACGGAGAAAGTA 
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表 2 PCR扩增体系和反应条件
Table 2. PCR amplification system and reaction conditions
试剂 Reagent 体积 Volume/μL 程序 Program Phanta Max Super-Fidelity 1.5 95 ℃ 3 min dNTP 1.5 95 ℃ 15 s 2×Phanta Max Buffer 25 58 ℃ 15 s Primer F 2 72 ℃ 3 min Primer R 2 72 ℃ 5 min cDNA template 2.5 4 ℃ 持续Forever ddH2O 15.5
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表 3 2018–2019年福香占区域试验产量
Table 3. Yield of Fuxiangzhan at 2018-2019 regional trials in Fujian
年度 Year 产量
Yield/（kg·hm−2）比对照增减产
Yield increased
compared to
control /（±%）福香占
FuxiangzhanII优3301（CK）
IIyou3301（CK）2018 7897.5 9169.5** −13.9 2019 7662.0 9130.5** −19.2 平均 Average 7780.5 9150.0 −16.5 （1）测产小区面积13.33 m2；（2）**表示差异达极显著水平（P<0.01)。
(1) Planting area for yield trial was 13.33 m2. (2) ** indicates significant difference (P<0.01).
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表 4 2019年福香占生产试验产量
Table 4. Yield of Fuxiangzhan at 2019 production trial in Fujian
地点 Sites 产量
Yield/（kg·hm−2）比对照增减产
Yield increased
compared to
control/（±%）福香占Fuxiangzhan II优3301（CK）
IIyou3301（CK）武夷山市种子管理站
Wuyishan Seed
Management Station8049.0 7596.0 6.0 大田县种子站
Datian County Seed Station8399.1 7620.0 10.2 龙岩市新罗区种子站
Xinluo District of
Longyan Seed Station6333.0 8022.0 −21.1 浦城县种子管理站
Pucheng County Seed
Management Station6576.0 8508.0 −22.7 尤溪县种子管理站
Youxi County Seed
Management Station9198.0 8976.0 2.5 周宁县种子管理站
Zhouning County Seed
Management Station4699.5 6000.0 −21.7 平均 Average 7209.0 7786.5 −7.4
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表 5 福香占对稻瘟病的抗性鉴定结果
Table 5. Certified blast-resistance of Fuxiangzhan
年份
Years地点
Sites田间鉴定
Blast identified in the field室内鉴定
Blast identification indoors叶瘟 Leaf blast 穗颈瘟 Neck blast 综合评价
Comprehensive evaluation抗菌株率
Isolates-resistance
ratio/%抗感表现
Resistance or susceptible综合评价
Comprehensive
evaluation发病率
Incidence
rate/%病情指数
Disease
index最高级
Highest
disease grade抗感表现
Resistance
or susceptible发病率
Incidence
rate/%病情指数
Disease
index最高级
Highest
disease grade抗感表现
Resistance
or susceptible2018 将乐黄潭
Huangtan
Town,
Jiangle
County0.0 0.0 0.0 R 0.0 0.0 0 R R 93.75 R R 宁化水茜
Shuixi
Town,
Ninghua
County3.0 0.5 2.0 R 0.0 0.0 0 R R 上杭茶地
Chadi
Town,
Shanghang
County4.5 1.2 3.0 R 8.0 2.2 5 R R 平均
Average2.5 0. 6 1.7 R 2.7 0.7 1.7 R R 2019 将乐黄潭
Huangtan
Town,
Jiangle
County0.0 0.0 0.0 R 0.0 0.0 0 R R 100 R MR 宁化水茜
Shuixi
Town,
Ninghua
County4.0 0.7 2.0 R 5.5 1.5 7 R R 上杭茶地
Chadi
Town,
Shanghang
County11.0 3.5 4.0 R 8.5 3.1 5 R R 平均
Average5.0 1.4 2.0 R 4.7 1.5 4 MR MR
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表 6 福香占和明恢63的抗性鉴定
Table 6. Blast-resistance of Fuxiangzhan and Minghui 63
菌株 Isolates 抗性 Resistance 福香占 Fuxiangzhan 明恢63 Minghui63 JL8053-2 R S SH18067-6 R S NH18046-2 R S NH18048-3 R MR JY18028-4 R S SH17011-7 MR S SH17010-3 R S SM17020-1 R S JL1501-1 MR S JY18058-1 R S
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