不同生境对紫两优737类黄酮及B族维生素含量的影响

房贤涛; 郑建华; 游晴如; 廖发炼; 董练飞; 王洪飞; 董瑞霞; 陈春霞; 黄庭旭

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2022.012.004

不同生境对紫两优737类黄酮及B族维生素含量的影响

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2022.012.004

1.
福建省农业科学院水稻研究所/福州国家水稻改良分中心，福建　福州　350018
2.
福建省宁化县良种场，福建　宁化　365400
3.
福建省南平市建阳区农业农村局，福建　建阳　354200

基金项目: 福建省现代水稻产业技术体系建设专项（闽财指〔2021〕637号）；福建省科技计划公益类专项（2018R1021-6）

详细信息

作者简介:
房贤涛（1980−），男，硕士，助理研究员，研究方向：水稻遗传育种（E-mail：187182644@qq.com）

通讯作者:
黄庭旭（1964−），男，硕士，研究员，研究方向：水稻遗传育种（E-mail：610143535@qq.com）

中图分类号: S 511
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-06-20
- 录用日期: 2022-06-20
- 修回日期: 2022-11-02
- 网络出版日期: 2023-01-01
- 刊出日期: 2022-03-28

Effects of Habitats on Flavonoids and Vitamin B Contents in Ziliangyou 737

1.
Rice Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Fuzhou Branch, National Rice Improvement Center of China, Fuzhou, Fujian　350018, China
2.
Ninghua County Seed Multiplication Farm of Fujian, Ninghua, Fujian　365400, China
3.
Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Jianyang District of Nanping City, Nanping, Fujian　354200, China

摘要

摘要: 目的探索紫黑米品种紫两优737在不同种植季节及不同生境的黄酮及Ｂ族维生素的变化差异，进而为生产者最佳种植季节及种植地点安排、提高紫两优737生产品质提供科学依据。方法收集2021年4月中旬至10月中旬种植于福建12个地方的紫两优737样本，测定其花青素、黄酮、类胡萝卜素和B族维生素含量，并进行主成分分析。结果晚季和烟后季种植情况下，紫两优737样品中花青素、黄酮和类胡萝卜素含量明显比早季和中季高，且随海拔升高，这3种物质都有上升的趋势；总维生素含量方面，早、晚季种植比中季和烟后季种植含量高，维生素含量与海拔无明显相关关系。主成分分析表明，VB₆、VB₄、VB₅、花青素、黄酮和类胡萝卜素在第一主成分上有较高的载荷，这一部分体现了紫黑米中主要的营养物质。VB₃、VB₈、VB₇在第二主成分上有较高载荷，VB₁和VB₂则在第三主成分上有较高载荷。样品中得分最高的是宁德岚亭晚季样本，中季样本普遍得分较低。结论紫两优737的 B族维生素含量VB₅、VB₁、VB₆较高；从种植季节或种植地点而言，晚季种植或光照充足、气温较低的高海拔地区种植的样本均含有较高花青素、黄酮、类胡萝卜素和B族维生素。
- 紫两优737 /
- 花青素 /
- 黄酮 /
- 类胡萝卜素 /
- B族维生素
Abstract: Objective Effects of planting season and location on the flavonoids and B vitamins contents in the purple black rice Ziliangyou 737 were studied. Method Contents of anthocyanins, flavonoids, carotenoids, and B vitamins of the rice specimens collected from 12 localities in Fujian in mid-April to mid-October 2021 were determined and statistically analyzed for principal components. Result The contents of anthocyanins, flavonoids, and carotenoids in grains were significantly higher in the rice planted in the late or post-tobacco season than in the early or middle season. The contents also increased with increasing altitude of the area where the rice was cultivated. On the other hand, vitamins were more abundantly found in the rice planted in the early or late season than in the middle or post-tobacco season, but not significantly affected by elevation. VB₆, VB₄, VB₅, anthocyanin, flavonoid, and carotenoids represented a greater load as the first principal components and were the major nutrients in the rice. The 2^nd principal components included VB₃, VB₈, and VB₇, while the 3^rd principal components, VB₁ and VB₂. Overall, the rice planted in the late season from Lanting, Ningde received the highest score among all, while the mid-season rice tended to be low. Conclusion On B vitamins, Ziliangyou 737 contained more VB₅, VB₁, and VB₆ than the others. The rice planted in late season or in areas of high altitude with sufficient sunlight and low temperature appeared to have higher contents of anthocyanin, flavonoids, carotenoids, and B vitamins.
- Ziliangyou 737 /
- anthocyanins /
- flavonoids /
- carotenoid /
- B vitamins

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表 1 各样本信息

Table 1. Information on specimens

产地 Origin	播种期 Seeding time/（月-日）	抽穗期 Period of heading/（月-日）	成熟期 Mature period/（月-日）	所属种植类型 Planting type	海拔 Elevation/m
漳州宝斗 Baodou, Zhangzhou	04-22	08-03	09-06	早 Early season	121
莆田南兴 Nanxing, Putian	05-01	08-20	09-30	中 Middle season	590
三明杨城 Yangcheng, Sanming	06-15	09-06	10-19	烟后 Post-tobacco season	380
南平后洋 Houyang, Nanping	05-18	08-19	09-26	中 Middle season	419
宁德岚亭 Lanting, Ningde	06-20	09-17	10-28	晚 Late season	20
宁德南湾 Nanwan, Ningde	05-08	08-25	10-06	中 Middle season	950
南平五夫 Wufu, Nanping	05-25	08-16	09-30	中 Middle season	230
南平横墩 Hengdun, Nanping	05-26	08-23	10-15	中 Middle season	380
南平吴边 Wubian, Nanping	05-18	08-26	10-05	中 Middle season	579
南平倪坜 Nili, Nanping	04-25	08-09	09-20	中 Middle season	938
泉州瑞坂 Ruiban, Quanzhou	05-25	08-28	10-08	中 Middle season	285
龙岩黄埔 Huangpu, Longyan	06-15	09-10	10-13	晚 Late season	242

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表 2 紫两优737维生素含量随种植季节的变化分析

Table 2. Vitamin contents of grains from rice planted in different seasons

种植季节 Planting season	盐酸硫胺素 VB₁/ (ng∙g⁻¹)	核黄素 VB₂/ (ng∙g⁻¹)	烟酰胺 VB₃/ (ng∙g⁻¹)	腺嘌呤 VB₄/ (ng∙g⁻¹)	泛酸 VB₅/ (μg∙g⁻¹)	吡哆醇 VB₆/ (ng∙g⁻¹)	维生素 H VB₇/ (ng∙g⁻¹)	腺嘌呤核苷酸 VB₈/ (ng∙g⁻¹)	总维生素 ∑VB_i/ (μg∙g⁻¹)
早 Early season	485.81±3.10 b	350.20±4.31 a	592.81±7.72 a	319.91±7.32 b	9.47±0.01 a	394.41±3.12 a	2.31±1.04 a	0.92±0.20 c	11.62±0.12 a
中 Middle season	444.51±4.00 c	335.91±1.73 b	255.33±1.95 bc	303.01±3.21 c	7.93±0.02 c	355.92±1.63 c	1.43±0.23 a	10.72±1.22 b	9.64±0.01 d
烟后 Post-tobacco season	564.4±17.91 a	313.45±9.46 c	262.57±4.57 b	269.33±5.51 d	8.99±0.15 b	371.23±8.24 b	1.55±0.63 a	13.43±2.38 a	10.79±0.19 c
晚 Late season	557.52±7.23 a	350.16±4.65 a	250.74±4.43 c	634.12±12.82 a	8.97±0.03 b	399.52±8.25 a	1.72±0.24 a	2.69±0.86 c	11.17±0.03 b
最大值 Max.	598.41	392.42	598.53	688.43	9.85	478.93	3.52	31.05	12.01
最小值 Min.	353.52	300.73	218.71	190.35	6.24	237.23	0.92	0.63	7.64
平均数 Average	476.81	337.61	283.31	356.81	8.32	367.75	1.62	8.82	10.16
变异系数 CV/%	15.01	8.12	34.11	45.44	12.12	18.02	31.74	93.17	11.92
同列数据后不同小写字母表示差异显著（P＜0.05）,下同。 Different lowercase letters behind same column data indicate significant differences (P＜0.05). The same as below.

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表 3 不同种植季节紫两优737花青素、黄酮、类胡萝卜素含量变化分析

Table 3. Anthocyanins, flavonoids, and carotenoid in grains from rice planted in different seasons

种植季节 Planting season	花青素 Anthocyanin/ (mg∙g⁻¹)	黄酮 Flavonoids/ (mg∙g⁻¹)	类胡萝卜素 Carotenoid/ (μg∙g⁻¹)
早 Early season	0.45±0.00 d	3.94±0.02 d	38.41±0.20 d
中 Middle season	1.35±0.01 c	4.39±0.02 c	69.32±0.30 c
烟后 Post-tobacco season	2.15±0.01 a	4.88±0.05 a	80.21±0.31 b
晚 Late season	2.10±0.02 b	4.79±0.06 b	83.14±0.30 a
最大值 Max.	2.19	5.67	96.60
最小值 Min.	0.45	3.36	38.31
平均数 Average	1.47	4.46	70.01
变异系数 CV/%	38.08	15.86	25.45

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表 4 维生素含量随海拔变化的分析

Table 4. Vitamin contents in grains in relation to altitude of rice growing area

地点 Locations	海拔 Elevation/ m	盐酸硫胺素 VB₁/ (ng∙g⁻¹)	核黄素 VB₂/ (ng∙g⁻¹)	烟酰胺 VB₃/ (ng∙g⁻¹)	腺嘌呤 VB₄/ (ng∙g⁻¹)	泛酸 VB₅/ (μg∙g⁻¹)	吡哆醇 VB₆/ (ng∙g⁻¹)	维生素 H VB₇/ (ng∙g⁻¹)	腺嘌呤核苷酸 VB₈/ (ng∙g⁻¹)	总维生素 ∑VB_i/ (μg∙g⁻¹)
南平五夫 Wufu, Nanping	230	548.51±15.53 a	309.43±6.94 b	266.03±7.83 b	247.52±6.35 b	8.73±0.06 b	344.52±5.54 c	1.82±0.24 a	3.34±1.12 b	10.45±0.049 b
南平横墩 Hengdun, Nanping	380	493.21±6.33 b	320.15±2.05 b	243.42±4.93 c	227.54±6.12 c	7.13±0.03 e	279.14±1.85 e	1.22±0.13 a	2.42±0.44 b	8.70±0.046 e
南平后洋 Houyang, Nanping	419	433.24±4.36 c	349.17±5.42 a	281.22±11.98 a	239.12±6.94 bc	7.68±0.07 d	293.26±2.17 d	1.75±0.87 a	24.05±7.46 a	9.32±0.07 d
南平吴边 Wubian, Nanping	579	498.15±4.56 b	318.74±1.23 b	266.39±3.67 b	521.12±6.74 a	9.38±0.05 a	477.14±2.66 a	1.56±0.35 a	1.14±0.46 b	11.46±0.059 a
南平倪坜 Nili, Nanping	938	411.54±4.33 d	351.92±9.04 a	222.63±3.67 d	236.35±11.33 bc	8.38±0.07 c	393.54±8.67 b	1.64±0.34 a	19.45±1.16 a	10.02±0.07 c
最大值 Max.		566.3	361.63	294.23	528.53	9.44	478.96	2.62	31.08	11.52
最小值 Min.		409.02	302.42	218.76	220.56	7.11	277.04	1.21	0.66	8.67
平均数 Average		476.93	329.91	255.93	294.32	8.26	357.54	1.6	10.01	9.99
变异系数 CV/%		10.74	5.62	8.64	39.99	9.87	20.93	26.04	104.18	9.86

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表 5 同一地区不同海拔花青素、黄酮及类胡萝卜素含量

Table 5. Anthocyanin, flavonoids and carotenoid in grains of rice grown at different elevations in same area

地点 Locations	海拔 Elevation/ m	花青素 Anthocyanin/ (mg∙g⁻¹)	黄酮 Flavonoids/ (mg∙g⁻¹)	类胡萝卜素 Carotenoid/ (μg∙g⁻¹)
南平五夫 Wufu, Nanping	230	0.97±0.01 c	3.82±0.05 d	67.91±0.51 c
南平横墩 Hengdun, Nanping	380	0.97±0.01 c	3.40±0.06 e	51.12±0.42 d
南平后洋 Houyang, Nanping	419	0.99±0.02 c	4.05±0.04 c	44.33±0.23 e
南平吴边 Wubian, Nanping	579	1.77±0.03 a	4.50±0.05 b	95.54±0.92 a
南平倪坜 Nili, Nanping	938	1.50±0.01 b	5.38±0.05 a	77.16±0.41 b
最大值 Max.		1.79	5.43	96.61
最小值 Min.		0.96	3.36	44.22
平均数 Average		1.24	4.23	67.21
变异系数 CV/%		27.83	16.56	28.28

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表 6 相关系数矩阵

Table 6. Correlation coefficient matrix

组分 Component	盐酸硫胺素 VB₁	烟酰胺 VB₃	吡哆醇 VB₆	核黄素 VB₂	腺嘌呤 VB₄	腺嘌呤核苷酸 VB₈	泛酸 VB₅	维生素 H VB₇	花青素 Anthocyanin	黄酮 Flavonoids	类胡萝卜素 Carotenoid
盐酸硫胺素 VB₁	1.00
烟酰胺 VB₃	0.04	1.00
吡哆醇 VB₆	0.11	0.17	1.00
核黄素 VB₂	−0.42	0.21	0.28	1.00
腺嘌呤 VB₄	0.42	−0.03	0.58	0.30	1.00
腺嘌呤核苷酸 VB₈	−0.48	−0.28	−0.30	0.21	−0.36	1.00
泛酸 VB₅	0.43	0.41	0.74	0.25	0.39	−0.45	1.00
维生素 H VB₇	0.46	0.73	0.28	0.16	0.25	−0.23	0.62	1.00
花青素 Anthocyanin	0.20	−0.54	0.52	0.04	0.51	−0.05	0.29	−0.33	1.00
黄酮 Flavonoids	−0.28	−0.20	0.61	0.55	0.21	0.16	0.47	−0.13	0.69	1.00
类胡萝卜素 Carotenoid	0.10	−0.53	0.66	0.05	0.47	−0.20	0.40	−0.32	0.87	0.71	1.00

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表 7 主成分因子荷载矩阵表

Table 7. Load matrix of principal component factor

指标 Index	载荷 Load
指标 Index	主成分1 PC1	主成分2 PC2	主成分3 PC3
盐酸硫胺素 VB₁	0.282	0.512	−0.694
烟酰胺 VB₃	−0.104	0.837	0.407
吡哆醇 VB₆	0.872	0.167	0.175
核黄素 VB₂	0.306	−0.012	0.819
腺嘌呤 VB₄	0.704	0.188	−0.158
腺嘌呤核苷酸 VB₈	−0.337	−0.511	0.455
泛酸 VB₅	0.743	0.537	0.124
维生素 H VB₇	0.148	0.893	0.189
花青素 Anthocyanin	0.788	−0.479	−0.237
黄酮 Flavonoids	0.735	−0.393	0.459
类胡萝卜素 Carotenoid	0.845	−0.438	−0.202

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表 8 总方差分解

Table 8. Partitioning of total variance

成分 Index	总计 Total	提取载荷平方和 Extract the quadratic sum of the loads
成分 Index	总计 Total	方差百分比 Variance proportion/%	累积贡献率 Accumulative contribution rate/%
1	4.002	36.38	36.38
2	2.949	26.81	63.19
3	1.939	17.63	80.82

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表 9 各地点样本主成分得分

Table 9. Scores on principal components for rice from different localities

地点 Location	主成分1 PC1	主成分2 PC2	主成分3 PC3	总得分 Total	种植季节 Planting season	海拔 Elevation/m
泉州瑞坂 Ruiban, Quanzhou	−3.141	−1.717	−0.989	−2.199	中 Middle season	285
南平横墩 Hengdun, Nanping	−2.559	−0.141	−1.353	−1.493	中 Middle season	380
南平后洋 Houyang, Nanping	−2.392	−0.277	1.229	−0.900	中 Middle season	419
南平五夫 Wufu, Nanping	−0.784	1.278	−1.320	−0.216	中 Middle-season	230
莆田南兴 Nanxing, Putian	−0.028	−1.062	1.715	0.008	中 Middle season	590
三明杨城 Yangcheng, Sanming	0.933	−0.461	−0.974	0.054	烟后 Post-tobacco season	380
南平倪坜 Nili, Nanping	0.364	−1.308	1.503	0.057	中 Middle season	938
宁德南湾 Nanwan, Ningde	1.538	−2.013	1.164	0.278	中 Middle season	950
龙岩黄埔 Huangpu, Longyan	1.732	0.635	−1.989	0.556	晚 Late season	242
南平吴边 Wubian, Nanping	2.332	0.235	−1.027	0.903	中 Middle season	579
漳州宝斗 Baodou, Zhangzhou	−0.924	4.480	1.598	1.420	早 Early season	121
宁德岚亭 Lanting, Ningde	2.930	0.351	0.444	1.532	晚 Late season	20

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