Effects of Forage with Varied Concentrate/Roughage Ratios on Growth, Serum Biochemistry, and Immunity of Dumeng Lambs
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摘要:
目的 探究日粮不同精粗比条件下杜蒙羔羊生长及健康状态，寻求杜蒙羔羊更加合理科学的饲养模式。 方法 选用30只3月龄、体重（25±2.14）kg杜蒙公羔羊，随机分为3组，即低精料C30组（精粗比30∶70）、中精料C50组（精粗比50∶50）和高精料C70组（精粗比70∶30），每组10个重复。预饲期15 d，正试期60 d，分析其生长性能及血清生化指标。 结果 1）生产性能结果表明：C50组和C70组全期平均日增重（ADG）与C30组相比极显著升高（P＜0.01），料重比（F/G）极显著降低（P＜0.01），C50组比C70组ADG提高了24.12%；C50组的全期平均日采食量（ADFI）极显著高于其他两组（P＜0.01）。2）营养物质表观消化率结果表明：C50和C70组粗蛋白（CP）和中性洗涤纤维（NDF）消化率分别极显著或显著高于C30组（P＜0.01或P＜0.05）；C50组酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）消化率显著高于其他两组（P＜0.05）。3）血清生化指标结果表明： C50组和C70组血清中谷丙转氨酶活性（ALT）、碱性磷酸酶活性（ALP）、白蛋白（ALB）含量、血糖（GLU）含量和直接胆红素（DBIL）含量显著或极显著高于C30组（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）。4）血清免疫指标结果表明：试验第30天时，C70组血清中免疫球蛋白A（IgA）含量极显著高于C30组（P＜0.01），而试验第60天时，C70组血清中IgA、免疫球蛋白M（IgM）含量显著低于C50组（P＜0.05），且C70组血清中白介素6（IL-6）含显著高于C30组（P＜0.05）。 结论 在精粗混饲生产条件下，日粮精粗比为50∶50时更有利于杜蒙羔羊生长和保持机体健康状态。 Abstract:Objective Effect of forage with varied ratios of refined concentrate and roughage on the growth and health of lambs was studied. Method Thirty 3-month-old Dumeng male lambs with body weight of (25±2.14) kg were randomly divided into groups fed with a forage of low concentrate/roughage ratio at 30/70 (C30), one with medium concentrate/roughage ratio at 50/50 (C50), and another with high ratio at 70/30 (C70). Each group had 10 replicates to be fed initially on a 15 d pre-feeding followed by a treatment period that lasted 60 d. Growth performance and serum biochemicals of the lambs were monitored during the treatment. Results (1) The average daily gain (ADG) of the lambs under C50 and C70 were significantly higher, while the feed/gain (F/G) rate significantly lower, than those of C30 (P＜0.01) with that of C50 lambs 24.12% higher than that of C70. The average daily feed intake (ADFI) of C50 group was significantly higher than those of the other two groups (P＜0.01). (2) The apparent digestibility of the lambs under C50 and C70 were extremely significantly higher (P＜0.01) on crude protein (CP) and significantly higher (P＜0.05) on neutral detergent fiber (NDF) than those under C30; while that of the animals under C50 on acid detergent fiber (ADF) significantly higher than those of the other two groups (P＜0.05). (3) The serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), albumin (ALB), blood glucose (GLU), and direct bilirubin (DBIL) of the C50 and C70 group were significantly (P＜0.05) or extremely significantly (P＜0.01) higher than those of C30. (4) On the 30th day of treatment, the serum immunoglobulin A (IgA) in C70 lambs was significantly higher than that in C30 (P＜0.01). However, on the 60th day, the IgA and immunoglobulin M (IgM) in the lambs under C70 were significantly lower than those under C50 (P＜0.05) but the serum interleukin 6 (IL-6) significantly higher under C70 than under C30 (P＜0.05). Conclusion Feeding Dumont lambs with a 50/50 ratio of refined and roughage forage appeared to benefit the growth and health of the animals more than the other mixing combinations. -
表 1 基础日粮组成及营养水平（干物质基础）
Table 1. Composition and nutrition level of basal diet (on dry matter basis)
（单位：%） 项目
Items日粮组成
Diet composition项目
Items营养成分
Nutritional ingredientC30组
Group C30C50组
Group C50C70组
Group C70C30组
Group C30C50组
Group C50C70组
Group C70羊草 Leymus chinensis 70.00 50.00 30.00 代谢能 ME（MJ·kg−1）② 8.86 9.53 10.20 玉米 Corn 27.10 36.10 52.00 粗蛋白 CP 11.45 14.17 14.45 豆粕 Soybean meal 2.00 12.00 15.20 钙 Ca 0.77 0.77 0.71 石粉 Limestone 0.10 0.60 1.00 磷 P 0.38 0.38 0.37 磷酸氢钙CaHPO4 0.10 0.10 0.10 中性洗涤纤维 NDF 41.33 33.18 25.03 食盐 NaCl 0.50 0.50 0.50 酸性洗涤纤维 ADF 28.97 22.36 15.37 预混料 Premix① 0.20 0.20 0.20 非结构性碳水化合物 NSC 37.5 43.6 49.9 小苏打 NaHCO3 0.00 0.50 1.00 合计 Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 ①预混料为每千克日粮提供：Fe 25 mg，Zn 35 mg，Cu 9 mg，Co 0.1 mg，I 0.9 mg，Se 0.25 mg，Mn 19.5 mg，烟酸60 mg，VE 15 IU，VA 3 000 IU，VD3 1 000 IU。②代谢能为计算值（参考NY/T 816—2004中的中国肉羊常用饲料成分及营养价值表的原料有效能值计算配方代谢能值），其余营养指标均为实测值。
① Premix provided nutrients per kg of forage on Fe at 25 mg, Zn at 35 mg, Cu at 9 mg, Co at 0.1 mg, I at 0.9 mg, Se at 0.25 mg, Mn at 19.5 mg, nicotinic acid at 60 mg, VE at 15 IU, VA at 3 000 IU, VD3 at 1 000 IU. ② Metabolizable energy was based on NY/T 816—2004 formula for calculating effective energy of raw materials in common feed components for meat sheep in China; other nutritional indices were measured values.
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表 2 日粮不同精粗比对羔羊生长性能的影响
Table 2. Effect of varied concentrate/roughage ratios of forage on growth of lambs
项目
Items试验期
Test period/d组别 Groups C30组
Group C30C50组
Group C50C70组
Group C70体重 BW/kg 0 24.81±3.29 Aa 25.08±1.68 Aa 25.11±1.44 Aa 30 27.66±3.48 Aa 30.35±2.37 Aa 29.82±3.08 Aa 60 31.16±4.07 Bb 37.51±3.22 Aa 35.51±2.79 Aa 阶段日增重 SDG/（g·d−1） 0–30 95.24±23.06 Bb 156.33±38.68 Aa 160.56±40.05 Aa 30–60 118.00±28.73 Bb 236.11±58.53 Aa 185.97±43.28 Aa 平均日增重 ADG（g·d−1） 0–60 106.62±27.03 Bb 206.82±39.34 Aa 166.63±44.27 Aa 日均采食量 ADFI（kg·d−1） 0–30 0.87±0.06 Ab 1.02±0.08 Aa 0.90±0.01 Ab 30–60 1.17±0.09 Bb 1.46±0.12 Aa 1.12±0.01 Bb 0–60 1.03±0.07 Bb 1.24±0.10 Aa 1.01±0.01 Bb 料重比 F/G 0–60 9.66±1.22 Aa 6.01±0.93 Bb 6.06±1.53 Bb 同行数据后不同大、小写字母表示差异极显著（P ＜ 0.01）或显著（P ＜ 0.05），相同小写字母表示差异不显著（P ＞ 0.05）。下表同。
In the same row, values with different uppercase or lowercase letters mean extremely significant difference (P ＜ 0.01) or significant difference (P ＜ 0.05). The same lowercase letter indicates no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05). The same as below.
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表 3 日粮不同精粗比对羔羊营养物质表观消化率的影响
Table 3. Effect of varied concentrate/roughage ratios of forage on apparent nutrient digestibility of lambs （单位：%）
项目
Items组别 Groups C30组
Group C30C50组
Group C50C70组
Group C70干物质 DM 86.25±3.11 Aa 89.48±3.45 Aa 91.18±1.64 Aa 粗蛋白质 CP 63.36±4.74 Bb 81.12±4.74 Aa 77.98±1.60 Aa 中性洗涤纤维 NDF 52.09±9.51 Ab 71.97±7.93 Aa 66.30±2.52 Aa 酸性洗涤纤维 ADF 47.11±5.59 Ab 69.54±8.66 Aa 54.02±1.29 Ab
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表 4 日粮不同精粗比对羔羊血清生化指标的影响
Table 4. Effects of varied concentrate/roughage ratios of forage on serum biochemical indices of lambs
项目
Items试验期
Test period/d组别 Groups C30组
Group C30C50组
Group C50C70组
Group C70谷丙转氨酶活性 ALT/（U·L−1） 30 7.19±0.96 Bb 11.92±1.31 Aa 12.19±2.50 Aa 60 7.73±1.10 Bb 13.77±1.33 Aa 12.62±2.25 Aa 谷草转氨酶活性 AST/（U·L−1） 30 87.30±9.64 Aa 99.54±14.94 Aa 89.95±13.29 Aa 60 90.20±8.74 Ab 110.50±8.40 Aa 96.23±9.72 Ab 碱性磷酸酶活性 ALP/（U·L−1） 30 135.35±12.30 Bb 247.90±8.76 Aa 237.46±25.69 Aa 60 282.65±24.67 ABab 352.75±42.59 Aa 258.71±23.24 Bb 总蛋白 TP/（g·L−1） 30 54.09±3.13 Bb 61.16±2.56 Aa 61.51±5.65 Aa 60 70.29±4.13 Aa 70.19±5.34 Aa 60.29±3.64 Bb 白蛋白 ALB/（g·L−1） 30 25.43±3.95 Ab 30.33±3.31 Aa 31.18±2.92 Aa 60 28.91±3.15 Ab 34.99±3.61 Aa 32.73±3.75 Aab 血糖 GLU/（mmol·mL−1） 30 3.24±0.26 Bb 4.07±0.69 Aa 3.96±0.34 Aa 60 3.72±0.14 Bb 4.93±0.13 Aa 4.71±0.46 Aa 尿素氮 BUN/（mmol·mL−1） 30 5.86±1.29 Aa 6.69±0.605 Aa 6.97±1.29 Aa 60 5.33±0.35 Bb 6.66±0.68 Aa 6.86±0.35 Aa 甘油三酯 TG/（mmol·L−1） 30 0.44±0.04 Aa 0.45±0.04 Aa 0.49±0.04 Aa 60 0.47±0.10 Aa 0.48±0.08 Aa 0.43±0.11 Aa 胆固醇 TCHO/（mmol·L−1） 30 1.19±0.35 Aa 1.54±0.30 Aa 1.41±0.44 Aa 60 1.38±0.33 Aa 1.59±0.15 Aa 1.53±0.16 Aa 总胆红素 TBIL/（μmol·L−1） 30 11.68±0.53 Aa 11.358±1.43 Aa 10.98±0.97 Aa 60 9.43±0.33 Aa 9.71±0.53 Aa 9.42±0.49 Aa 直接胆红素 DBIL/（μmol·L−1） 30 0.88±0.15 Aab 1.18±0.58 Aa 0.59±0.18 Ab 60 1.01±0.09 Bb 0.95±0.14 Bb 1.32±0.18 Aa
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表 5 日粮不同精粗比对羔羊血清免疫指标的影响
Table 5. Effects of varied concentrate/roughage ratios of forage on serum immunity indices of lambs
项目
Items试验期
Test period/d组别 Groups C30组
Group C30C50组
Group C50C70组
Group C70免疫球蛋白Ａ IgA（μg·mL−1） 30 8.81±0.43 Bb 10.13±0.91 ABab 12.17±1.60 Aa 60 8.41±0.51 Ab 10.31±1.46 Aa 8.27±0.81 Ab 免疫球蛋白M IgM（μg·mL−1） 30 11.90±1.15 Aa 11.37±0.79 Aa 11.92±0.44 Aa 60 11.82±0.52 Aab 12.34±1.02 Aa 10.43±0.48 Ab 免疫球蛋白G IgG（μg·mL−1） 30 10.95±1.02 Aa 10.98±0.51 Aa 10.99±1.31 Aa 60 10.25±0.32 Aa 11.11±0.60 Aa 10.18±0.80 Aa 干扰素 INF（pg·mL−1） 30 39.27±3.39 Aa 42.26±1.68 Aa 46.47±3.48 Aa 60 47.30±8.89 Aa 43.72±2.71 Aa 42.75±3.90 Aa 肿瘤坏死因子-α TNF-α（pg·mL−1） 30 91.45±2.29 Aa 95.62±6.54 Aa 105.19±6.24 Aa 60 90.61±3.23 Ab 95.11±7.12 Ab 112.88±8.95 Aa 白介素-1 IL-1（pg·mL−1） 30 94.02±8.61 Aa 95.75±8.55 Aa 91.29±9.91 Aa 60 93.68±4.03 Aa 97.57±15.54 Aa 92.74±5.85 Aa 白介素-6 IL-6（pg·mL−1） 30 42.53±3.87 Aa 45.27±4.49 Aa 48.34±4.37 Aa 60 41.48±2.55 Ab 45.16±3.37 Aab 58.73±11.14 Aa
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