Inhibition by Acid Electrolyzed Oxidizing Water on Surface Microbes and Safety of Maize Seeds
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摘要:
目的 探明酸性氧化电位水（简称酸化水）对玉米种子表面微生物的抑制作用及其对种子发芽、出苗的影响。 方法 以福建主栽玉米品种泰鲜甜1号和泰鲜甜2号为材料，采用酸化水与玉米种子表面微生物菌悬液及种子混合法，检测菌悬液的含菌量和种子的带菌率，调查种子出芽率、出苗率、苗鲜重等指标。 结果 结果表明，酸化水对玉米种子表面微生物有较好的抑菌作用，在泰鲜甜1号、泰鲜甜2号V（种子菌悬液）︰ V（酸化水）=1︰2及m（种子/mg）︰V（酸化水/mL）=125︰2混合6 h后，从菌悬液中检出的菌量分别为0.44、0 cfu·mL−1，检出的种子带菌率分别为14.00%和7.33%，而空白对照的2个品种菌悬液菌量均高于10 000 cfu·mL−1，种子带菌率均为100%。从酸化水处理的带菌种子中，检出的细菌和真菌出现频率分别为1.33%和20.00%，其中镰孢菌属真菌在所有携带真菌的种子中出现频率最高。安全性试验结果表明，种子用酸化水处理6 h后，与各自的对照相比，在未接种病原菌的试验组中，泰鲜甜1号和泰鲜甜2号2个品种的种子出芽率、芽长、主胚根长和胚根数分别提高了13.33%和8.66%、0.32 cm和0.55 cm、0.73 cm和0.42 cm、0.16条和0.07条；而在预先接种病原菌拟轮枝镰孢菌试验组中，2个品种的种子出芽率、芽长、主胚根长和胚根数分别比其对照提高了17.04%和6.67%、0.54 cm和0.33 cm、1.89 cm和0.40 cm、0.60条和0.26条，在预先接种病原菌假单胞杆菌试验组中，2个品种的种子出芽率、芽长、主胚根长和胚根数分别比其对照提高了35.34%和28.66%、0.85 cm和0.30 cm、2.30 cm和1.70 cm、0.76条和0.36条。此外，泰鲜甜1号和泰鲜甜2号种子用酸化水处理6 h后，出苗率分别比对照提高了5.33%和8.00%，株高和地上部鲜重与对照无明显差别。 结论 酸化水处理能有效抑制玉米种子表面微生物活性，对细菌的抑制效果优于真菌，且对种子出芽和出苗安全，不同程度上促进了种子的萌发和幼苗的生长。酸化水可作为一种新型的玉米种子消毒剂。 -
关键词:
- 玉米种子 /
- 酸性氧化电位水（酸化水） /
- 微生物 /
- 抑制作用 /
- 安全性
Abstract:Objective Effects of acid electrolyzed oxidizing water (AEOW) treatment on the microorganisms on the surface and germination of maize seeds and seedling emergence were investigated. Method Seeds of the major varieties cultivated in Fujian, Taixiantian No. 1 and Taixiantian No. 2, were mixed with AEOW. Microbial counts on the seed surface and in the surface rinse, rates of infection, seed germination, and seedling emergence as well as seedling fresh weight were determined. Result AEOW significantly inhibited the microbial growth on the seed surface as indicated by the counts in the seed surface rinses and the AEOW/maize seeds mixtures. The suspension of AEOW/seed rinse at 1︰2 (mL/mL) ratio had a count of 0.44 cfu·mL−1 in comparison to more than 10 000 cfu·mL−1 of CK. In the liquid after 6 h submerging the seeds in AEOW at the ratio of 125︰2 (mg/mL), the count was nil. On the seed infection rates, the rinse was 14.00% and the mixture liquid 7.33% in comparison to control of 100%. The frequency of bacterial appearances on the treatment seeds was 1.33% and that of fungal, 20.00%, largely Fusarium spp. As for the safety concerns, the AEOW-treated Taixiantian No. 1 seeds increased on germination rate by 13.33%, bud length by 0.32 cm, main radicle length by 0.73 cm, and radicle number of seeds by 0.16, while the treated Taixiantian No. 2, by 8.66%, by 0.55 cm, by 0.42 cm, and by 0.07, respectively. The treated seeds of with a Fusarium verticillium pre-inoculation increased on germination rate, bud length, main radicle length, and radicle number of Taixiantian No. 1 and Taixiantian No. 2 seeds by 17.04% and 6.67%, 0.54 cm and 0.33 cm, 1.89 cm and 0.40 cm, 0.60 and 0.26, respectively; and those with a Pseudomonas spp. pre-inoculation, by 35.34% and 28.66%, 0.85 cm and 0.30 cm, 2.30 cm and 1.70 cm, 0.76 and 0.36, respectively. The seedling emergence rates of the two treated maize varieties increased by 5.33% and 8.00%, respectively, but not significantly differed between them and control with respect to plant height and shoot fresh weight. Conclusion The AEOW treatment effectively inhibited the presence and growth of microbes on maize seed surface with a more pronounced effect on bacteria than on fungi. The treatment benefitted and was safe for germination and seedling emergence of the AEOW-disinfected seeds. -
Key words:
- Maize seed /
- acid electrolyzed oxidizing water /
- microorganism /
- inhibitory effect /
- safety
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表 1 酸化水不同处理对玉米种子表面微生物菌悬液含菌量的影响
Table 1. Effects of AEOW treatment on microbial count of maize seed surface rinse
品种
Varieties时间
Time/h菌量 colony amount (cfu·mL−1) 菌悬液︰酸化水
MS︰AEOW 1︰1菌悬液︰酸化水
MS︰AEOW 1︰2菌悬液︰酸化水
MS︰AEOW 1︰5菌悬液︰酸化水
MS︰AEOW 1︰10对照
Control泰鲜甜1号 Taixiantian NO.1 0.5 100.44±9.96 Aa 17.78±1.07 Dd 0.67±0.67 Gf 0.44±0.51 Gf — 1 73.22± 3.08 Bb 14.89±3.24 DEd 0.22±0.19 Gf 0.00± 0.00 Gf — 2 29.11± 6.71 Cc 2.00± 0.88 Gf 0.00 ±0.00 Gf 0.00 ±0.00 Gf — 4 9.56± 2.14 EFe 0.67± 0.33 Gf 0.00 ±0.00 Gf 0.00 ±0.00 Gf — 6 7.67± 2.00 FGe 0.44± 0.73 Gf 0.00± 0.00 Gf 0.00 ±0.00 Gf ＞10000 泰鲜甜2号 Taixiantian NO.2 0.5 16.11± 4.67 Aa 10.00± 5.24 Bb 1.22±0.84 DEde 0.89± 0.51 Ede — 1 9.00±0.58 BCb 5.33± 1.20 CDc 0.44± 0.51 Ede 0.00± 0.00 Ee — 2 5.33± 0.67 CDc 2.33 ±1.53 DEcde 0.00± 0.00 Ee 0.00 ±0.00 Ee — 4 3.44± 1.58 DEcd 1.44± 0.51 DEde 0.00± 0.00 Ee 0.00 ±0.00 Ee — 6 2.00± 1.00 DEde 0.00± 0.00 Ee 0.00± 0.00 Ee 0.00±0.00 Ee ＞10000 ①不同大小写字母表示经Duncan氏新复极差法检验在 P＜0.01和P＜0.05水平差异显著；表2~6同。②MS：菌悬液；AEOW：酸化水.
① Data with different capital letters and lowercase letters on same column indicate significant differences at P＜0.01 and P＜0.05, respectively, according to Duncan's new multiple range method. The same as Table 2-6. ②MS：Microbial suspension; AEOW: Acid electrolyzed oxidizing water.
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表 2 酸化水不同处理对玉米种子带菌率的影响
Table 2. Effect of AEOW treatment on bacteria-retention rate of maize seeds
处理 Treatment 种子带菌率 Seed infection rate/% 种子Seed∶酸化水
AEOW (mg)∶(mL)时间
Time/h泰鲜甜1号
Taixiantian NO.1泰鲜甜2号
Taixiantian NO.2125∶1 1 87.00±7.00 Ab 73.33±5.03 Bb 2 63.67±4.73 BCc 48.67±4.16 Dd 4 46.00±6.00 DEd 32.00±4.00 Ee 6 32.00±7.21 EFf 14.67±4.16 GHg 125∶1.5 1 69.33±7.57 Bc 62.67±6.11 Cc 2 44.67±4.16 DEd 34.67±7.02 Ee 4 43.33±3.06 DEde 22.00±3.46 FGf 6 24.67±7.02 FGf 10.00±2.00 Hg 125∶2 1 52.00±7.21 CDd 50.00±5.29 Dd 2 34.00±9.17 EFef 28.67±3.06 EFef 4 28.67±4.16 Ff 9.33±2.31 Hg 6 14.00±3.46 Gg 7.33±2.31 Hg 对照 Control 6 100.00±0.00 Aa 100.00±0.00 Aa
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表 3 酸化水不同处理时间对玉米种子真菌和细菌出现频率的影响
Table 3. Effects of AEOW treatment time on bacterial and fungal occurrence frequency on seeds
时间
Time/h出现频率 Frequent/% 细菌
Bacteria真菌
Fungi镰孢菌
Fusarium曲霉/青霉
Aspergillus/Penicillium其他真菌
Other fungi1 15.33 50.00 34.67 12.00 3.33 2 9.33 32.67 23.33 8.00 1.33 4 4.67 25.33 20.00 4.00 1.33 6 1.33 20.00 16.00 3.33 0.67
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表 4 酸化水不同处理对泰鲜甜1号种子出芽和胚根生长的影响
Table 4. Effects of AEOW treatment on seed germination and radicle growth of Taixiantian No. 1
组别
Group时间
Time/h出芽率
Germination rate/%芽长
Shoot length/cm主胚根长度
Radicle length/cm胚根数
No of primary root未接种 Without inoculation 4 71.33±5.03 Aa 3.65±0.64 Aa 9.71±0.63 Aa 5.27±0.24 Aa 6 73.33±7.02 Aa 3.69±0.23 Aa 9.85±0.42 Aa 4.92±0.21 ABCab 对照 Control 60.00 ±4.00 ABCbc 3.38±0.14 ABab 9.12±0.32 ABa 4.76±0.14 ABCbc 真菌接种 Fungus inoculation 4 66.67±4.16 ABab 2.84±0.16 Bbc 8.15±0.35 BCb 4.63±0.15 BCbc 6 68.37±5.03 ABab 3.22±0.06 ABabc 9.45±0.37 Aa 5.16±0.15 ABa 对照 Control 51.33±7.02 Cc 2.68±0.52 Bc 7.56±0.68 CDbc 4.56±0.12 Cbc 细菌接种 Bacterium inoculation 4 54.67±3.06 BCc 1.52±0.08 CDd 6.13±0.73 Ed 4.44±0.25 Cc 6 66.67±7.57 ABab 1.69±0.23 Cd 6.77±0.41 DEcd 4.69±0.27 BCbc 对照 Control 31.33±5.03 Dd 0.84±0.11 De 4.48±0.07 Fe 3.93±0.32 Dd
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表 5 酸化水不同处理对泰鲜甜2号种子出芽和胚根生长的影响
Table 5. Effects of AEOW treatment on seed germination and radicle growth of Taixiantian No. 2
组别
Group时间
Time/h出芽率
Germination rate/%芽长
Shoot length/cm主胚根长度
Radicle length/cm胚根数
No of primary root未接种 Without inoculation 4 66.67±7.02 Aab 2.96±0.06 Aab 8.08±0.27 Aa 4.54±0.19 Aa 6 67.33±3.06 Aa 3.00±0.78 Aab 7.84±0.22 Aab 4.25±0.04 ABabc 对照 Control 58.67±3.06 ABabc 2.47±0.19 Aab 7.42±0.14 ABabc 4.18±0.27 ABabcd 真菌接种 Fungus inoculation 4 54.67±5.03 ABc 3.06±0.11 Aa 7.33±0.25 ABbcd 4.07±0.32 ABbcd 6 58.00±6.00 ABabc 2.76±0.20 Aab 7.49±0.52 ABabc 3.97±0.14 ABcd 对照 Control 51.33±4.16 Bc 2.43±0.44 Ab 7.09±0.52 ABcd 3.77±0.31 Bd 细菌接种 Bacterium inoculation 4 56.67±7.02 ABbc 1.45±0.07 Bc 6.63±0.58 Bd 4.42±0.25 Aab 6 61.33±7.57 ABabc 1.43±0.03 Bc 6.78±0.26 Bcd 4.45±0.25 Aab 对照 Control 32.67±4.16 Cd 1.12±0.10 Bc 5.08±0.43 Ce 4.09±0.18 ABbcd
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表 6 酸化水处理对玉米出苗和植株生长的影响
Table 6. Effects of AEOW on seedling emergence and plant growth of maize
品种
Varieties组别
Group出苗率
Seedling emergence rate/%株高
Seedling height/cm地上部鲜重
Fresh weight/g泰鲜甜1号 Taixiantian NO.1 酸化水 AEOW 56.00±2.00 Aa 6.12±0.57 Aa 0.60±0.01 Aa 对照 Control 50.67±3.06 Aa 6.02±0.69 Aa 0.56±0.04 Aa 泰鲜甜2号 Taixiantian NO.2 酸化水 AEOW 62.67±5.03 Aa 6.99±0.95 Aa 0.66±0.12 Aa 对照 Control 54.67±1.15 Aa 6.51±0.77 Aa 0.61±0.03 Aa
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