增温和干旱对灵武长枣果实主要内源激素含量的影响

陆晖; 陈丽华; 宋丽华

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2022.011.009

增温和干旱对灵武长枣果实主要内源激素含量的影响

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2022.011.009

宁夏大学农学院，宁夏　银川　750021

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（32160360）

详细信息

作者简介:
陆晖：陆晖（1997−），男，硕士研究生，主要从事经济林栽培方面研究（E-mial：luhui1232021@126.com）

通讯作者:
宋丽华（1969−），女，教授，主要从事林木良种繁育和经济林栽培生理方面研究（E-mail：slh382@126.com）

中图分类号: S 665.1
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-03-28
- 修回日期: 2022-07-05
- 网络出版日期: 2022-11-29
- 刊出日期: 2022-11-28

Effects on Endogenous Hormones in Jujube Fruits under Elevated Temperature and Drought Conditions

School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia　750021, China

摘要

摘要: 目的研究增温与干旱互作条件下灵武长枣果实吲哚-3-乙酸（IAA）、脱落酸（ABA）、玉米素（ZT）、茉莉酸（JA）含量的变化，为灵武长枣高效栽培提供指导。方法以6年生的灵武长枣为试验对象，设置大气温度和土壤含水量二因素裂区试验，其中大气温度设置2个水平处理，分别为大气常温环境和相对升高2 ℃的大气增温环境，土壤水分含量设置3个水平，分别是正常土壤供水水平、中度干旱水平、重度干旱水平，测定灵武长枣果实不同发育时期的IAA、ABA、ZT、JA含量。结果模拟增温和干旱二者交互作用对灵武长枣果实主要内源激素（IAA、ABA、ZT、JA）含量影响显著（P＜0.05）；与常温环境相比，增温2 ℃时，灵武长枣果实ABA、IAA和JA含量升高；与正常土壤供水相比，中度干旱胁迫下灵武长枣果实ABA、ZT、JA含量升高，IAA含量下降，重度干旱胁迫下灵武长枣果实ABA、JA含量升高，IAA、ZT含量下降。结论大气增温2 ℃有利于灵武长枣果实IAA和JA含量的积累，干旱胁迫加剧了增温对果实IAA和JA 含量积累作用；干旱胁迫有利于ABA、ZT含量的积累，大气增温2 ℃加剧了干旱对ABA的积累，但减缓了干旱对ZT含量积累的促进作用。
- 灵武长枣 /
- 模拟气温 /
- 干旱 /
- 内源激素
Abstract: Objective Effect of elevated temperature and drought stresses on the content of endogenous hormones in jujube fruits was studied. Method In a simulated experiment, 6-year-old Zipiphus jujuba Mill cv. Lingwuchangzao plants were artificially exposed to varied temperatures and restricted water supplies. Ambient atmosphere temperature (T1) and one of 2^oC above it (T2) were applied in combination with a simulated water supply for normal condition in soil (D1), moderate drought (D2), or severe drought (D3). Contents of endogenous hormones (i.e., IAA, ABA, ZT, and JA) in the jujube fruits born from the trees at 7 ripening stages were determined. Result The interactive effect on the hormones by the simulated temperature and drought conditions was significant (P＜0.05). The contents of ABA, IAA, and JA in the fruits were higher when the atmospheric temperature was raised 2 ℃ above normal. Those of ABA, ZT, and JA also became greater under D2, but that of IAA lower, than D1; whereas those of ABA and JA, increased and those of IAA and ZT, decreased under D3. Conclusion The slightly elevated temperature by 2 ℃ seemed to benefit the accumulation of IAA and JA in the jujube fruits, while the drought stress accentuated the temperature effect on the contents of IAA and JA. Water deprivation appeared to benefit ABA and ZT accumulation, and temperature elevation by 2 ℃ promoted the accumulation of ABA but hindered that of ZT.
- Zipiphus jujuba Mill cv. Lingwuchangzao /
- simulated atmosphere temperature /
- drought stress /
- endogenous hormones

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图 1 试验现场

A.实验现场鸟瞰图； B、D.开顶气室控制温度；C.精准灌溉及数据采集器。

Figure 1. Layout of test site

A. An aerial view of the experimental site ; B、D. Open-top air chamber for temperature control; C. Precision Irrigation and data collector.

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图 2 大气温度环境、土壤干旱水平动态变化分析

Figure 2. Dynamic changes on water content in soil under simulated atmosphere temperatures and drought conditions

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表 1 增温和干旱对灵武长枣果实IAA含量的影响

Table 1. Effect of elevated temperature and drought on IAA content in jujube fruits (单位：ng·g⁻¹)

处理 Treatments		幼果期 Young fruit stage	膨大期 Expansion period	白熟期 White maturity	转色前期 Initial stage of coloring	转色中期 Metaphase of color change	转色后期 Medium staining	成熟期 Mature period
T1	D1	98.11±5.68 cd	170.51±6.77 a	192.91±6.25 a	163.39±7.62 b	120.76±7.92 bc	104.53±7.43 c	92.97±9.22 ab
	D2	90.06±6.37 d	170.75±7.51 a	197.09±5.98 a	140.95±6.41 c	108.93±4.35 c	120.68±10.79 b	82.04±5.72 b
	D3	108.16±8.56 bc	138.79±6.24 c	193.94±6.83 a	157.65±7.36 b	119.16±4.63 bc	102.09±3.98 c	82.29±3.06 b
T2	D1	122.83±5.95 a	149.60±6.27 bc	168.11±6.48 b	183.52±7.53 a	134.07±5.32 a	110.06±8.02 bc	99.55±4.88 a
	D2	118.49±3.8 ab	162.17±13.82 ab	168.91±8.12 b	168.50±6.92 ab	122.52±6.53 ab	111.58±3.92 bc	99.79±5.71 a
	D3	94.77±8.84 cd	143.33±10.76 c	194.41±6.54 a	155.81±11.1 bc	133.39±7.64 a	140.67±4.55 a	94.40±12.08 ab
P值 P value	T	0.001	0.074	0.000	0.002	0.001	0.004	0.450
	D	0.102	0.001	0.010	0.003	0.013	0.013	0.005
	T*D	0.000	0.088	0.006	0.020	0.000	0.000	0.210
表中所有数据均为“平均值±标准误”。同列不同小写字母表示各处理间差异显著（P＜0.05），下同。 All data are mean±standard error. Data with different lowercase letters on same column indicate significant difference among treatments (P＜0.05). Same for below.

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表 2 增温和干旱对灵武长枣果实ABA含量的影响

Table 2. Effect of elevated temperature and drought on ABA content in jujube fruits (单位：ng·g⁻¹)

处理 Treatments		幼果期 Young fruit stage	膨大期 Expansion period	白熟期 White maturity	转色前期 Initial stage of coloring	转色中期 Metaphase of color change	转色后期 Medium staining	成熟期 Mature period
T1	D1	283.01±37.10 b	373.63±19.06 b	504.01±17.35 bc	500.73±12.03 cd	524.97±21.37 b	705.79±18.00 ab	660.37±17.98 ab
	D2	298.73±40.54 b	399.79±20.45 b	496.37±17.35 c	509.69±17.06 cd	490.47±20.40 b	717.37±22.34 a	632.42±18.34 bcd
	D3	298.73±42.34 b	385.65±21.37 b	491.12±18.16 c	476.93±17.06 d	504.88±24.05 b	718.02±19.57 a	616.04±20.07 cd
T2	D1	378.88±35.62 a	488.50±15.31 a	536.55±15.55 ab	562.32±11.41 ab	664.52±21.11 a	675.22±18.98 b	647.05±19.11 abc
	D2	381.72±33.67 a	514.05±16.84 a	507.50±12.34 abc	531.96±18.60 bc	667.79±19.14 a	720.64±21.66 a	678.49±20.43 a
	D3	385.43±36.63a	494.62±14.07 a	542.23±12.62 a	570.40±14.65 a	674.43±18.44 a	730.03±20.01 a	606.43±17.46 d
P值 P value	T	0.000	0.000	0.004	0.000	0.000	0.581	0.407
	D	0.571	0.491	0.250	0.614	0.201	0.021	0.002
	T*D	0.836	0.021	0.232	0.023	0.183	0.167	0.033

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表 3 增温和干旱对灵武长枣果实ZT含量的影响

Table 3. Effect of elevated temperature and drought on ZT content in jujube fruits (单位：ng·g⁻¹)

处理 Treatments		幼果期 Young fruit stage	膨大期 Expansion period	白熟期 White maturity	转色前期 Initial stage of coloring	转色中期 Metaphase of color change	转色后期 Medium staining	成熟期 Mature period
T1	D1	1.18±0.15 c	3.82±0.11 a	2.61±0.18 c	2.50±0.13 bc	2.58±0.18 a	1.79±0.08 b	1.40±0.23 b
	D2	1.28±0.19 c	3.63±0.16 a	2.78±0.19 bc	2.61±0.15 bc	1.94±0.09 c	1.76±0.10 b	1.41±0.09 b
	D3	1.97±0.23 a	3.65±0.16 a	2.61±0.18 c	2.98±0.16 a	2.23±0.14 bc	1.86±0.09 ab	1.92±0.11 a
T2	D1	1.14±0.13 c	3.49±0.13 a	2.97±0.22 ab	2.80±0.12 ab	2.04±0.13 c	2.12±0.13 a	1.80±0.15 a
	D2	1.77±0.21 a	3.70±0.17 a	3.02±0.20 ab	2.58±0.16 bc	2.44±0.21 b	1.85±0.12 ab	1.95±0.19 a
	D3	1.63±0.21 b	3.53±0.15 a	3.15±0.18 a	2.45±0.11 c	1.92±0.17 c	1.71±0.09 b	1.71±0.10 ab
P值 P value	T	0.726	0.171	0.001	0.359	0.197	0.308	0.015
	D	0.000	0.754	0.543	0.545	0.134	0.227	0.175
	T*D	0.006	0.225	0.404	0.007	0.001	0.115	0.010

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表 4 增温和干旱对灵武长枣果实JA含量的影响

Table 4. Effect of elevated temperature and drought on JA content in jujube fruits （单位：ng·g⁻¹）

处理 Treatments		幼果期 Young fruit stage	膨大期 Expansion period	白熟期 White maturity	转色前期 Initial stage of coloring	转色中期 Metaphase of color change	转色后期 Medium staining	成熟期 Mature period
T1	D1	1.42±0.24 c	3.01±0.24 ab	2.81±0.24 b	1.84±0.24 b	2.35±0.24 a	1.68±0.24 bc	1.95±0.25ab
	D2	1.97±0.24 ab	3.48±0.24 a	2.56±0.25 bc	2.11±0.25 ab	2.11±0.24 ab	2.17±0.24 ab	1.27±0.24 c
	D3	2.00±0.24 ab	3.47±0.24 a	3.30±0.24 a	2.11±0.24 ab	2.21±0.24 ab	2.06±0.24 abc	1.30±0.24 c
T2	D1	1.85±0.24 abc	2.70±0.24 b	3.31±0.24 a	2.50±0.24 a	2.04±0.24 ab	1.60±0.24 c	1.57±0.24 bc
	D2	2.22±0.24 a	3.08±0.24 ab	2.22±0.24 c	2.26±0.24 ab	1.73±0.24 b	2.24±0.24 a	2.10±0.25 a
	D3	1.56±0.24 bc	2.78±0.24 b	2.75±0.24 b	2.52±0.25 a	2.16±0.25 ab	1.97±0.25 abc	1.95±0.25 ab
P值 P value	T	0.004	0.395	0.012	0.623	0.127	0.826	0.049
	D	0.002	0.243	0.100	0.087	0.181	0.011	0.015
	T*D	0.174	0.008	0.302	0.001	0.005	0.470	0.686

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表 5 增温和干旱对灵武长枣果实IAA/ABA的影响

Table 5. Effect of elevated temperature and drought on IAA/ABA ratio of jujube fruits

处理 Treatments		幼果期 Young fruit stage	膨大期 Expansion period	白熟期 White maturity	转色前期 Initial stage of coloring	转色中期 Metaphase of color change	转色后期 Medium staining	成熟期 Mature period
T1	D1	0.26±0.03 c	0.35±0.01 bc	0.37±0.02 a	0.29±0.02 bc	0.18±0.02 b	0.15±0.01 bc	0.14±0.03 c
	D2	0.24±0.03 c	0.33±0.01 d	0.37±0.01 a	0.27±0.02 c	0.16±0.01 b	0.17±0.02 b	0.12±0.03 c
	D3	0.28±0.01 bc	0.28±0.02 d	0.36±0.01 a	0.28±0.01 c	0.19±0.01 b	0.14±0.01 c	0.14±0.01 bc
T2	D1	0.44±0.01 a	0.40±0.04 b	0.34±0.03 a	0.37±0.01 a	0.26±0.02 a	0.16±0.01 bc	0.15±0.01 a
	D2	0.40±0.02 a	0.48±0.05 a	0.35±0.04 a	0.33±0.02 b	0.25±0.02 a	0.16±0.01 b	0.16±0.02 a
	D3	0.32±0.05 b	0.37±0.04 bc	0.39±0.01 a	0.33±0.03 b	0.26±0.02 a	0.20±0.01 a	0.15±0.05 b
P值 P value	T	0.000	0.000	0.321	0.449	0.000	0.019	0.010
	D	0.047	0.005	0.734	0.438	0.054	0.222	0.624
	T*D	0.003	0.009	0.247	0.089	0.610	0.703	0.219

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表 6 增温和干旱对灵武长枣果实(IAA+ZT+JA)/ABA比值的影响

Table 6. Effect of elevated temperature and drought on (IAA+ZT+JA)/ABA ratio of jujube fruits

处理 Treatments		幼果期 Young fruit stage	膨大期 Expansion period	白熟期 White maturity	转色前期 Initial stage of coloring	转色中期 Metaphase of color change	转色后期 Medium staining	成熟期 Mature period
T1	D1	0.27±0.02c	0.36±0.01bcd	0.37±0.01bc	0.30±0.01cd	0.19±0.01b	0.16±0.01b	0.15±0.01ab
	D2	0.24±0.01c	0.34±0.01cd	0.40±0.01ab	0.27±0.01d	0.17±0.01b	0.17±0.01b	0.12±0.01b
	D3	0.29±0.01bc	0.30±0.01d	0.37±0.01bc	0.28±0.01d	0.19±0.01b	0.15±0.01b	0.14±0.01ab
T2	D1	0.45±0.01a	0.42±0.02b	0.34±0.01c	0.38±0.01a	0.26±0.01a	0.16±0.01b	0.15±0.01ab
	D2	0.41±0.01a	0.50±0.03a	0.35±0.02c	0.34±0.01ab	0.26±0.01a	0.16±0.01b	0.16±0.01a
	D3	0.33±0.03b	0.39±0.03bb	0.41±0.01a	0.34±0.02bc	0.28±0.01a	0.20±0.01a	0.16±0.01a
P值 P value	T	0.000	0.000	0.144	0.000	0.000	0.018	0.015
	D	0.037	0.008	0.032	0.038	0.219	0.262	0.552
	T*D	0.002	0.101	0.004	0.554	0.745	0.002	0.14

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