武夷山国家公园水化学时空分布特征及控制因素

叶宏萌; 甘娟; 李国平; 胡家朋; 苏丽鳗; 伍进平; 王胜艳

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2022.010.016

武夷山国家公园水化学时空分布特征及控制因素

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2022.010.016

1.
武夷学院生态与资源工程学院/福建省生态产业绿色技术重点实验室，福建　武夷山　354300
2.
武夷学院图书馆，福建　武夷山　354300
3.
江苏省水文水资源勘测局泰州分局，江苏　泰州　225300

基金项目: 中国博士后科学基金项目（2019M661874）；福建省自然科学基金项目（2020J05218）；南平市科技项目（2022ZXHZ002）；大学生创新训练计划项目（202010397014）

详细信息

作者简介:
叶宏萌（1984−），女，博士，副教授，主要从事流域环境保护和环境地球化学研究（E-mail：hongmengye@sina.com）

通讯作者:
李国平(1966−)，男，博士，教授，主要从事植物多样性保护与利用研究（E-mail：ptlgp@126.com）

中图分类号: X 53
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-10-31
- 修回日期: 2022-06-13
- 网络出版日期: 2022-10-21
- 刊出日期: 2022-10-30

Temporal and Spatial Distributions and Controlling Factors of Hydrochemistry at Wuyishan National Park Water Body

1.
Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Industrial Green Technology, College of Ecology and Resources Engineering, Wuyi University, Wuyishan, Fujian　354300, China
2.
Library of Wuyi University, Wuyi University, Wuyishan, Fujian　354300, China
3.
Taizhou Hydrology and Water Resources Investigation Bureau of Jiangsu Province, Taizhou, Jiangsu　225300, China

摘要

摘要: 目的分析武夷山国家公园九曲溪水体主要阴、阳离子的含量变化，揭示该区域地表水水化学时空分布特征、作用机制和岩性控制类型。方法采集不同水文期及河流段的30份地表水样品，测试主要化学离子组分含量，利用吉布斯图、三角图和端元图进行水化学的作用机制和岩性类型分析，并以主成因分析和模型计算量化水化学物质的来源贡献。结果九曲溪水体呈弱酸性，总溶解固体（TDS）的平均值为25.30 mg·L⁻¹（远低于世界河流的平均值100.00 mg·L⁻¹），主要阳离子含量的大小顺序为Ca²⁺＞Na⁺＞K⁺＞Mg²⁺，主要阴离子含量${\rm{HCO}}_3^- $＞Cl⁻＞${\rm{NO}}_3^- $＞${\rm{SO}}_4^{2-}$。不同水文期对比而言，该流域水体TDS及大多数主要离子浓度呈现出枯水期＞平水期＞丰水期；不同河流段对比，TDS及主要离子浓度从上游到下游整体呈现上升趋势。结论武夷山国家公园九曲溪水化学类型为${\rm{HCO}}_3^- $-Ca²⁺+Na⁺型，作用机制以岩石风化为主，一定程度受大气降水和人为活动的影响。其中，岩石风化对上游河段的水化学组成影响小于中下游；大气降水对丰水期的水化学作用大于其他水文期。同时，研究区水化学的岩性控制类型以碳酸岩和硅酸岩的风化作用为主，两者对水化学物质的贡献率为58.82%。
- 水化学特征 /
- 时空分布 /
- 岩石风化 /
- 武夷山国家公园 /
- 九曲溪
Abstract: Objective Contents of major anions and cations in the Jiuquxi River at the Wuyishan National Park were analyzed to unveil the spatial and temporal distributions, action mechanism, and lithological control of the surface water. Method Thirty water samples from different river sections were collected at different hydrological periods for chemical determination. Gibbs, triangle, and endmember diagrams were applied to analyze the hydrochemical mechanism and lithological control. Principal component analysis and model calculation were applied to quantify the hydrochemical contributions. Result The river water was weakly acidic with an average total dissolved solids (TDS) of 25.30 mg·L⁻¹, which was well below the world average of 100.00 mg·L⁻¹. The contents of major cations in the water ranked in the order of Ca²⁺＞Na⁺＞K⁺＞Mg²⁺, while that of anions HCO₃⁻＞Cl⁻＞NO₃⁻＞SO₄²⁻. In different hydrological periods, TDS and most of the ions were dry period＞normal period＞wet period and increased from upstream to downstream of the river. Conclusion The hydrochemistry of Jiuquxi water in the national park was HCO3⁻-Ca²⁺+Na⁺ type and, basically, of a rock weathering action mechanism that affected by precipitation, and to a certain extent, human activities. The rock weathering altered the hydrochemistry more on the upper reach than the middle or lower reach of the river. Precipitation affected the hydrochemistry most greatly in wet season. The lithological control on the area waters was largely weathering of carbonate and silicate rocks that contributed 58.82% of the controlling factors of the hydrochemistry.
- Hydrochemical characteristics /
- spatial and temporal distributions /
- rock weathering /
- Wuyishan National Park /
- Jiuquxi

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图 1 武夷山国家公园水体采样点分布

Figure 1. Water sampling points at Wuyishan National Park

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图 2 九曲溪水化学的时空分布特征

Figure 2. Spatial and temporal distributions of Jiuquxi hydrochemistry

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图 3 九曲溪水化学的Gibbs分布

Figure 3. Gibbs distribution of Jiuquxi hydrochemistry

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图 4 九曲溪水化学离子三角图

Figure 4. Trigonometric diagram on ions of Jiuquxi River water

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图 5 九曲溪水化学岩性端元图

Figure 5. End member diagram of Jiuquxi hydrochemistry and lithology

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表 1 九曲溪水化学主要离子组成

Table 1. Composition of major ions in Jiuquxi River water （单位：mg·L⁻¹）

特征值 Characteristic value	pH	TDS	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	Na⁺	K⁺	$\mathrm{HCO}_3^{-} $	$ \mathrm{NO}_3^{-}$	$\mathrm{SO}_4^{2-} $	Cl⁻
最小值 Min.	5.42	15.00	0.70	0.08	0.45	0.37	6.10	0.71	0.60	1.26
平均值 Avg.	5.92	25.30	1.66	0.35	1.16	0.69	13.41	1.89	1.29	1.93
最大值 Max.	6.71	41.00	4.05	1.26	2.59	1.35	26.15	4.77	3.04	3.20
标准差 SD	0.34	7.23	0.89	0.29	0.46	0.27	4.66	0.95	0.55	0.54
变异系数 CV/%	5.72	28.57	53.90	82.28	39.24	39.01	34.76	50.14	42.39	27.97

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表 2 九曲溪水化学主成分分析的因子载荷

Table 2. Component loadings of principal components Jiuquxi hydrochemistry

变量 Variate	因子1 Factor 1	因子2 Factor 2	因子3 Factor 3	公共性方差 Publicity of variance
Ca²⁺	0.386	0.448	0.774	0.912
K⁺	0.084	0.388	0.902	0.958
Mg²⁺	0.312	0.776	0.423	0.847
Na⁺	0.104	0.854	0.372	0.876
Si	−0.191	0.923	0.126	0.854
$\mathrm{HCO}_3^{-} $	0.852	0.407	0.100	0.897
Cl⁻	0.901	−0.144	0.242	0.883
$\mathrm{NO}_3^{-} $	0.307	0.584	0.609	0.764
$\mathrm{SO}_4^{2-} $	0.380	0.574	0.729	0.963

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表 3 九曲溪与其他流域水化学物质来源的比较

Table 3. Comparison on hydrochemistry of Jiuquxi River and rivers at other basins　　　　　　　　（单位：%）

来源 Source	碳酸岩 Carbonatite	硅酸岩 Silicate	蒸发岩 Evaporite	大气CO₂ Atmospheric CO₂	其他因素 Other factors
九曲溪 Jiuquxi	32.07	26.75	14.85	22.76	3.58
赣南 Gannan^[20]	42.80	6.60	29.20	21.40	0.00
韩江 Hanjiang^[10]	27.70	10.50	33.40	20.20	8.20
长江 Yangtze River^[32]	46.90	12.90	13.10	19.60	2.65
世界 Rivers of the World^[32]	35.00	15.00	11.00	37.00	2.00

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