入侵植物三裂叶豚草化感作用的研究

艾明君; 尚禹函; 赵婉钰; 宋凯; 刘婷钰; 唐文静; 莫金钢

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2022.010.012

入侵植物三裂叶豚草化感作用的研究

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2022.010.012

长春师范大学生命科学学院，吉林　长春　130032

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目(31870486)；吉林省自然科学基金联合基金项目（YDZJ202101ZYTS092）

详细信息

作者简介:
艾明君（1997−），女，硕士研究生，主要从事植物化感作用机制研究（E-mail：aimingjun789@163.com）

通讯作者:
莫金钢（1979−），男，副教授，博士，硕士生导师，主要从事植物化感作用机制研究（E-mail：mojingang@ccsfu.edu.cn）

中图分类号: S 451.1
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-06-02
- 修回日期: 2022-06-27
- 网络出版日期: 2022-11-29
- 刊出日期: 2022-10-30

Allelopathy of Invasive Ambrosia trifida L.

School of Life Sciences, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, Jilin　130032, China

摘要

摘要: 目的分析三裂叶豚草（Ambrosia trifida L.）茎叶水浸提液的遗传毒性，及其对白菜（Brassica chinensis L.）、油菜（Brassica napus L.）种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响，探讨三裂叶豚草潜在的化感效应。方法采用发芽盒滤纸法，以蒸馏水为对照，分析不同质量浓度（0.025、0.050、0.075、0.100 g·mL⁻¹）三裂叶豚草水浸提液处理下白菜和油菜种子萌发、幼苗生长相关指标的变化；通过蚕豆根尖微核试验探讨三裂叶豚草水浸提液的遗传毒性。结果不同质量浓度的三裂叶豚草水浸提液对白菜和油菜的种子萌发主要表现为化感抑制作用；对白菜和油菜幼苗的主根长表现出“低促高抑”的浓度效应，在0.025 g·mL⁻¹质量浓度下促进作用最强，在0.100 g·mL⁻¹质量浓度下抑制作用最强，对白菜和油菜幼苗的株高和植株鲜重则呈现出促进作用；在光合色素含量方面，白菜和油菜幼苗叶片的光合色素含量随三裂叶豚草水浸提液质量浓度的增加，整体呈现出升高的趋势。蚕豆根尖微核试验结果表明，经三裂叶豚草水浸提液处理后，蚕豆根尖细胞出现多种染色体畸变，如微核、染色体桥、染色体滞后等现象。结论三裂叶豚草水浸提液对白菜和油菜的生长发育具有一定的化感作用，且白菜对三裂叶豚草水浸提液化感作用的响应强于油菜。不同质量浓度的三裂叶豚草水浸提液对对蚕豆根尖细胞的遗传物质均具有一定的遗传损伤效应。
- 三裂叶豚草 /
- 化感作用 /
- 种子萌发 /
- 幼苗生长 /
- 光合色素 /
- 遗传毒性
Abstract: Objective Allelopathic effect of Ambrosia trifida on vegetables was studied by an in vitro experimentation. Method Genotoxicity and effects of the aqueous extracts of A. trifida stems and leaves on the seed germination and seedling growth of cabbage (Brassica chinensis L.) and rape (Brassica napus L.) were determined. Seed germination and seedling growth were conducted using the box filter paper method under the mass concentrations of A. trifida extracts at 0.025, 0.050, 0.075, and 0.100 g·mL⁻¹, along with distilled water as control. Genotoxicity of the extracts was compared according to the root tip micronucleus assay on broad beans. Result The germination of the cabbage and rape seeds were inhibited by the presence of the extract which was mainly displayed by the alternation in allelopathy. The length of main cabbage and rape seedling roots was promoted by the extract at low concentrations and inhibited at high concentrations. The strongest enhancing effect was shown at 0.025 g·mL⁻¹, while the greatest inhibition occurred at 0.100 g·mL⁻¹. On the other hand, the plant height and fresh weight of the cabbage and rape seedlings increased with the increasing extract concentration. The photosynthetic pigment in the cabbage and rape seedling leaves increased with increasing extract as well. The micronucleus experiments on broad beans showed a variety of chromosomal aberrations, such as micronuclei, chromosomal bridges, and chromosomal lagging, on the bean root tip cells after treatment. Conclusion The aqueous extract of A. trifida tissues exhibited allelopathic effects on the growth and development of cabbage and rape seedlings with the cabbage responded more strongly than the rape. The micronucleus of broad bean root tips under the extract treatments showed a significant damaging effect on the genetic materials.
- Ambrosia trifida /
- allelopathy /
- seed germination /
- seedling growth /
- photosynthetic pigment /
- genotoxicity

HTML全文

图 1 三裂叶豚草水浸提液处理下蚕豆根尖细胞有丝分裂异常图

A：正常间期细胞核；A1、A2：间期细胞单微核；A3：间期细胞双微核；B：正常有丝分裂前期细胞核；B1、B2：有丝分裂前期细胞拟微核；B3：间期细胞大小双核；C：正常有丝分裂中期细胞核；C1：有丝分裂中期细胞染色体片段丢失；C2：有丝分裂中期细胞拟微核；C3：有丝分裂中期细胞染色体粘连；D：正常有丝分裂后期细胞核；D1：有丝分裂后期细胞失去极性；D2：有丝分裂后期细胞染色体双桥；D3：有丝分裂后期细胞染色体片段丢失；E：正常有丝分裂末期细胞核；E1、E2：有丝分裂末期细胞染色体滞后；E3：有丝分裂末期细胞染色体丢失。

Figure 1. Mitotic abnormalities on root tip cells of broad beans treated by A. trifida extracts

A: Normal interphase cell nuclei; A1 and A2: Interphase cell single micronucleus; A3: Interphase cells with double micronuclei; B: Normal mitotic prophase cell nuclei; B1 and B2: Mitotic prophase cytomimetic micronuclei; B3: Interphase cell size binucleate; C: Normal mid mitotic cell nucleus; C1: Loss of chromosome fragments in mid mitotic cells; C2: Mid mitotic cytomimetic micronuclei; C3: Chromosome adhesions in mid mitotic cells; D: Nucleus of normal late mitotic cells; D1: Loss of cell polarity in late mitosis; D2: Double bridge of chromosomes in late mitotic cells; D3: Loss of chromosome fragments in late mitotic cells; E: Nucleus at end of normal mitosis; E1 and E2: Chromosomal lag in cells at end of mitosis; E3: Chromosome loss in cells at end of mitosis.

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图 2 三裂叶豚草水浸液对蚕豆根尖细胞有丝分裂行为的影响

Figure 2. Effect of aqueous extracts of A. trifida on mitotic behavior of broad bean root tip cells

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表 1 三裂叶豚草水浸提液对白菜种子萌发的影响

Table 1. Effect of aqueous extracts of A. trifida on germination of cabbage seeds

质量浓度 Mass concentration/（g·mL⁻¹）	发芽率 Germination rate/ %	发芽势 Germination potential/ %	发芽指数 Germination index	活力指数 Seed vigor index
0	100.00±0.00 a	100.00±0.00 a	44.00±1.04 a	1.05±0.27 c
0.025	100.00±0.00 a	98.50±0.50 a	33.45±1.49 b	2.25±0.25 a
0.050	98.50±0.50 a	92.50±2.22 a	23.94±0.63 c	1.62±0.13 b
0.075	94.00±1.15 a	59.00±7.05 b	15.68±0.69 d	0.65±0.04 d
0.100	63.00±4.80 b	20.00±3.37 c	8.40±0.23 e	0.63±0.06 d
表中数据为平均值±标准误（n=4）；字母排列相同表示差异性不显著（P＞0.05）；字母不同表示具有显著性差异（P＜0.05），表2～4同。 The data in the table are the mean ± standard error (n=4); The same arrangement of letters indicates that the difference is not significant (P＞0.05); the different letters indicate a significant difference (P＜0.05).The same as Table 2- 4.

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表 2 三裂叶豚草水浸液对油菜种子萌发的影响

Table 2. Effect of aqueous extracts of A. trifida on germination of rape seeds

质量浓度 Mass concentration/（g·mL⁻¹）	发芽率 Germination rate/%	发芽势 Germination potential/%	发芽指数 Germination index	活力指数 Seed vigor index
0	94.67±2.40 a	92.67±2.40 a	43.44±1.52 a	0.87±0.07 ab
0.025	91.33±0.67 a	86.00±2.31 a	34.76±1.08 b	1.06±0.10 a
0.050	96.00±1.15 a	92.00±2.31 a	26.73±1.10 c	0.84±0.08 ab
0.075	96.00±0.00 a	87.33±4.06 a	24.31±0.30 c	0.71±0.07 b
0.100	90.00±4.00 a	60.67±7.42 b	20.06±1.20 d	0.40±0.09 c

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表 3 三裂叶豚草水浸液对白菜和油菜幼苗生长的影响

Table 3. Effects of aqueous extracts of A. trifida on growth of cabbage and rape seedlings

质量浓度 Mass concentration/（g·mL⁻¹）	白菜 cabbage			油菜 rape
质量浓度 Mass concentration/（g·mL⁻¹）	主根长 Primary root length/cm	株高 Seedling heigh/cm	植株鲜重 Fresh weigh of plant/g	主根长 Primary root length/cm	株高 Seedling heigh/cm	植株鲜重 Fresh weigh of plant/g
0	3.50±0.18 b	0.91±0.03 c	0.02±0.001 c	3.67±0.21 a	1.11±0.024 b	0.02±0.001 b
0.025	4.97±0.25 a	3.01±0.09 a	0.07±0.003 a	4.05±0.26 a	2.46±0.049 a	0.03±0.001 a
0.050	3.65±0.15 b	3.00±0.11 a	0.07±0.002 a	2.67±0.11 b	2.45±0.049 a	0.03±0.003 a
0.075	1.58±0.13 c	2.18±0.07 b	0.04±0.002 b	1.49±0.10 c	2.45±0.575 a	0.03±0.002 a
0.100	—	—	—	0.68±0.04 d	1.82±0.065 b	0.02±0.001 b
“—”为水浸提液质量浓度较高，幼苗生长量较小而无法正常进行测量。 "—" means that the mass concentration of water extract is high and the seedling growth is small, so it can not be measured normally.

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表 4 三裂叶豚草水浸提液对白菜和油菜幼苗叶片光合色素含量的影响

Table 4. Effect of aqueous extracts of A. trifida on photosynthetic pigment in leaves of cabbage and rape seedlings

质量浓度 Mass concentration/（g·mL⁻¹）	白菜 Cabbage			油菜 Rape
质量浓度 Mass concentration/（g·mL⁻¹）	叶绿素a Chlorophyll a/ （mg·g⁻¹）	叶绿素b Chlorophyll b/ （mg·g⁻¹）	总叶绿素 Total chlorophyll/ （mg·g⁻¹）	叶绿素a Chlorophyll a/ （mg·g⁻¹）	叶绿素b Chlorophyll b/ （mg·g⁻¹）	总叶绿素 Total chlorophyll/ （mg·g⁻¹）
0	0.25±0.05 c	0.11±0.03 ab	0.36±0.08 b	0.43±0.09 a	0.04±0.03 ab	0.33±0.11 ab
0.025	0.39±0.06 bc	0.07±0.02 b	0.45±0.07 b	0.62±0.09 a	0.12±0.03 a	0.55±0.10 a
0.050	0.32±0.03 c	0.04±0.01 b	0.35±0.03 b	0.67±0.23 a	0.10±0.06 a	0.58±0.22 a
0.075	0.62±0.06 a	0.16±0.03 a	0.78±0.09 a	0.61±0.19 a	0.10±0.04 a	0.53±0.17 a
0.100	0.54±0.06 ab	0.16±0.02 a	0.70±0.08 a	0.89±0.13 a	0.22±0.02 a	0.86±0.11 a

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