Effects of CO2 and Supplemental LED on Photosynthesis and Quality of Chili Peppers
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摘要:
目的 探究增施CO2与LED补光对日光温室辣椒光合特性和品质的影响，以期为提高日光温室辣椒光合作用和品质提供理论依据。 方法 以“华美105”辣椒为试材，采用二因素随机区组设计。因素L为LED补光，设3 个水平：L1（自然光）、L2（R∶B=5∶1）、L3（R∶B∶W=3∶2∶1）；因素C为CO2含量，设2个水平：C1：自然条件下的 CO2含量为（400±50）μL·L−1，C2：增施CO2，使其含量为（800±50）μL·L−1；共6个处理：L1C1（对照）、L1C2、L2C1、L2C2、L3C1、L3C2。 结果 结果表明：增施CO2与LED补光能够增加辣椒株高和茎粗，L2C2和L3C2处理株高和茎粗均显著高于对照，株高和茎粗分别为88.33 cm，93.00 cm和12.00 mm，13.34 mm。L2C2处理辣椒叶绿素a、叶绿素b和总叶绿素含量较其他处理显著提高。增施CO2与LED补光增强辣椒净光合速率（Pn），各处理之间Pn无差异，但显著高于CK，其中L2C2处理Pn最高，较CK增加36.70%。维生素C、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白均表现为L2C2和L3C2高于其他处理。 结论 对辣椒进行增施CO2与LED补光互作可有效提高辣椒光合特性和品质，其中L2C2处理可作为当地日光温室越冬茬辣椒栽培的最优选择。 Abstract:Objective Effects of CO2 and LED exposure on the photosynthesis and quality of chili peppers in a solar greenhouse were studied. Method In a two-way random zone group experiment, Huamei 105 chili pepper plants were exposed to natural light (L1), natural light supplemented with LED of R ∶ B=5 ∶ 1 (L2) or R ∶ B ∶ W=3 ∶ 2 ∶ 1 (L3), CO2 at the natural 400±50 μL·L−1 (C1) or at 800±50 μL·L−1 (C2) in 6 combination treatments ∶ L1C1 (control), L1C2, L2C1, L2C2, L3C1, and L3C2. The physiological and photosynthetic characteristics of the plants under the treatments were compared. Result The added CO2 in the atmosphere as in C2 and supplementation of LED as in L2 and L3 increased the plant height and stem girth which were shown the significantly higher average height of 88.33cm and 93cm and girth diameter of 12.00mm and 13.34mm under L2C2 and L3C2, respectively, than higher CK treatments. Of all treatments, L2C2 produced the highest contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll as well as the greatest photosynthetic rate (Pn ) that was 36.70% higher than control. Both L2C2 and L3C2 resulted in higher contents of vitamin C, soluble sugars, and soluble proteins in the chili peppers. Conclusion Supply of added CO2 and supplementation of LED light effectively improved the photosynthesis and pepper quality of the plants. The combined applications of L2 and C2 appeared particularly attractive for the local solar greenhouse chili pepper cultivation in winter. -
Key words:
- Chili pepper /
- CO2 /
- LED lighting /
- photosynthesis /
- quality
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表 1 试验处理
Table 1. Treatments applied
处理
TreatmentLED光
LED lightingCO2含量
CO2 concentration/（μL·L−1）L1C1 自然光 400± 50 L1C2 自然光 800 ± 50 L2C1 R∶B=5∶1 400± 50 L2C2 R∶B=5∶1 800 ± 50 L3C1 R∶B∶W=3∶2∶1 400± 50 L3C2 R∶B∶W=3∶2∶1 800 ± 50 
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表 2 增施CO2与LED补光互作对辣椒株高、茎粗的影响
Table 2. Effect of CO2 and LED on height and stem girth of pepper plant
处理
Treament株高
Plant height/cm茎粗
Stem diameter/mmL1C1 74.66±2.02 c 9.68±0.37 c L1C2 75.67±2.18 bc 10.02±0.30 bc L2C1 78.33±2.01 bc 11.50±0.19 b L2C2 88.33±2.06 a 13.34±0.57 a L3C1 84.67±2.18 ab 10.47±0.32 bc L3C2 93.00±0.77 a 12.00±0.28 ab 注：表中同列不同字母表示不同处理之间差异显著（P<0.05）。
Note: The different letters on a same column indicate significant differences between treatments (P<0.05).
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表 3 增施CO2与LED补光互作对叶绿素含量的影响
Table 3. Effect of increased CO2 and supplemental LED on chlorophyll content of pepper plant
处理
Treament叶绿素a
Chlorophyll a/(mg·g−1)叶绿素b
Chlorophyll b/(mg·g−1)总叶绿素
Chlorophyll/(mg·g−1)叶绿素a/b
Chlorophyll a/bL1C1 0.89±0.05 c 0.12±0.02 c 1.02±0.08 c 7.81±0.02 a L1C2 1.07±0.03 bc 0.23±0.03 b 1.29±0.03 b 4.93±0.01 b L2C1 1.14±0.06 b 0.20±0.01 bc 1.34±0.06 b 5.72±0.02 b L2C2 1.44±0.05 a 0.34±0.01 a 1.77±0.03 a 4.33±0.02 c L3C1 1.04±0.08 bc 0.25±0.02 ab 1.29±0.10 b 4.24±0.01 b L3C2 1.13±0.05 b 0.29±0.04 ab 1.42±0.09 b 4.06±0.05 ab
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表 4 增施CO2与LED补光互作对辣椒光合作用的影响
Table 4. Effect of increased CO2 and supplemental LED on photosynthesis of pepper plant
处理Treament 净光合速率Pn/(μmol·m−2·s−2 ) 胞间二氧化碳浓度Ci/(μmol·mol−1) 气孔导度Gs/(mmo·m−2·s−2 ) 蒸腾速率Tr/(mmol·m−2·s−2） L1C1 13.00±0.13b 0.20±0.01b 279.28±32.81b 3.19±0.07b L1C2 13.63±1.36a 0.33±0.07ab 318.00±9.23ab 3.56±0.51b L2C1 14.45±1.72a 0.27±0.04ab 304.67±34.25ab 4.06±0.01ab L2C2 17.77±0.89a 0.50±0.10a 340.45±14.87a 4.59±0.18a L3C1 13.57±0.75a 0.34±0.04ab 340.92±23.38a 4.01±0.28ab L3C2 16.64±0.47a 0.51±0.10a 347.86±14.25a 4.31±0.14a
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表 5 增施CO2与LED补光互作对辣椒品质的影响
Table 5. Effect of increased CO2 and supplemental LED on chili pepper quality
处理
Treament维生素C含量
Content of VC/
(mg·g−1)可溶性糖含量
Content of
soluble sugar/
%可溶性蛋白含量
Content of
soluble protein/
(mg·g−1)L1C1 0.17±0.01 d 0.96±0.05 c 1.35±0.11 c L1C2 0.28±0.01 c 1.02±0.03 c 1.37±0.21 c L2C1 0.31±0.05 bc 1.39±0.09 bc 1.72±0.01 b L2C2 0.43±0.01 a 1.73±0.21 a 2.31±0.04 a L3C1 0.37±0.04 b 1.57±0.21 ab 1.87±0.01 b L3C2 0.39±0.04 ab 1.78±0.04 a 2.10±0.02 ab
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