不同措施对南方典型坡地利用模式下土壤侵蚀特征的影响

朱秀端

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2022.009.016

不同措施对南方典型坡地利用模式下土壤侵蚀特征的影响

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2022.009.016

朱秀端

福建省南平市水土保持中心，福建　南平　354200

基金项目: 福建省高校产学合作项目（2017Y4010）

详细信息

作者简介:
朱秀端（1965−），女，硕士，高级农艺师，研究方向：水土保持（E-mail：xiuduanzhu@163.com）

中图分类号: S 157.2
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- 文章访问数: 478
- HTML全文浏览量: 141
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-04-06
- 录用日期: 2022-09-19
- 修回日期: 2022-05-29
- 网络出版日期: 2022-10-05
- 刊出日期: 2022-09-30

Functional Models for Soil Erosion Prevention on Typical Slope Land in Southern China

ZHU Xiuduan

Nanping Water and Soil Conservation Center, Nanping, Fujian　354200, China

摘要

摘要: 目的探究自然降雨条件下南方典型坡地水土保持措施对土壤侵蚀的影响，为南方红壤地区采取合适的水土保持措施、改善生态环境提供参考。方法选取福建省建瓯市建安坡面径流观测场2018–2020年降雨量、径流量、泥沙量等数据，通过分析多年降雨特征和分布情况，研究不同水土保持措施的土壤侵蚀防治效果。结果降雨主要集中在3–6月，该时期降雨天数达到全年的1/3以上，且降雨侵蚀力最大月份与最大降雨量月份并不完全重合；多种水土保持措施均有效抑制降雨对土壤的侵蚀。其中，最大降雨量月份下，茶园内设置水平台地梯壁种百喜草（T3）处理对土壤流失的缓解效果最佳，其土壤流失量仅为2.47 t·hm⁻²；降雨侵蚀力最大月份，果园内设置水平台地梯壁种百喜草（T9）处理下径流小区的土壤流失量最低，为2.07 t·hm⁻²。结论茶、果园内设置水平台地梯壁种植白喜草的措施对极端降雨月份下土壤侵蚀防治效果较佳，是一种适宜的水土保持举措。
- 降雨 /
- 红壤 /
- 径流小区 /
- 土壤侵蚀 /
- 坡地
Abstract: Objective Impact on soil erosion by rainfalls under different water and soil conservation programs applied on the slope lands in southern China was analyzed. Methods Information on rainfall, runoff, sediment, and others relevant factors was collected at a slope runoff observation site in Jianan from 2018 to 2020 and analyzed. Results The rainfall in the area concentrated from March to June in a year amounting to more than 1/3 of the annual precipitation. However, the peak precipitation and soil erosivity on the site did not always coincide in a same month. Some conservation strategies or land use models mitigated the erosion to varying extents. For instance, by planting Paspalum notatum on the horizontal terraces with ladder walls at tea plantations (T3), the soil loss was reduced to a rate of merely 2.47 t·hm⁻². And a similar practice at fruit orchards (T9) resulted in a minimum soil erosion of 2.07 t·hm⁻² under heavy rainfall. Conclusion Planting P. notatum on terraces with ladder walls at a tea plantation or a fruit orchard could apparently effectively curtail erosion of soil by rainfall. It could be an applicable conservation measure for a land of similar geographic and climatic conditions.
- Rainfall /
- red soil /
- runoff plot /
- soil erosion /
- slope land

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图 1 2018–2020年月降雨量和月降雨侵蚀力

图中数据均在不改变数据分布的情况下，按比例缩放进行标准化处理，突显出降雨量和降雨侵蚀力在月份间的变化。图中纵坐标轴表示月份，横坐标表示年份；颜色越红，表明降雨量或者降雨侵蚀力越大；反之越小。

Figure 1. Monthly precipitation and rainfall erosivity from 2018-2020

Data are standardized by scaling without changing their distribution; monthly changes of precipitation and rainfall erosivity are highlighted; horizontal axis represents year, and vertical axis month; greater precipitation or rainfall erosivity are shown in brighter red color.

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图 2 2018–2020年不同坡地利用模式下平均径流深、径流系数和土壤流失量对比

不同小写字母表示不同处理之间差异显著（P<0.05）。

Figure 2. Average runoff depth, runoff coefficient, and soil loss under land use models from 2018 to 2020

Different letters indicate significant difference between treatments (P<0.05).

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图 3 不同水土保持措施在最大降雨月份和最大降雨侵蚀力月份的效果对比

A为最大降雨量月份；B为最大降雨侵蚀力月份。T_i/T1表示以T1为空白对照，将所有径流小区分别同T1处理的径流深、径流系数和土壤流失量进行比较。

Figure 3. Effects of different conservation measures on soil erosion in months of maximum precipitation or rainfall erosivity

A: the maximun rainfall month; B: the maximum rainfall erosivity month. T_i/T1 indicates T1 as control for comparisons on runoff depth, runoff coefficient, and soil loss among test lots.

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表 1 2018–2020年各径流小区概况

Table 1. Overview of runoff communities in 2018–2020

小区编号 Treatments	坡度 Gradient/(°)	坡长 Slope length/m	坡宽 Slope width/m	土地利用类型 Land utilization models	水土保持措施 Water and soil conservation measures
T1	15	20	5	裸地 Bare soil	顺坡 Down slope
T2	15	20	5	裸地 Bare soil	顺坡（松土） Down slope（Loosen soil）
T3	15	20	5	茶园 Tea garden	水平台地梯壁种百喜草 Horizontal platform planting Paspalum notatum on the ladder wall
T4	15	20	5	茶园 Tea garden	水平台地 Horizontal platform
T5	15	20	5	锥栗园 Chinquapin garden	山边沟 Hillside ditches
T6	15	20	5	锥栗园 Chinquapin garden	顺坡 Down slope
T7	15	20	5	毛竹园 Bamboo Garden	顺坡（劈草） Down slope（brush cutting）
T8	15	20	5	毛竹园 Bamboo Garden	顺坡（垦复） Down slope（reclamation）
T9	15	20	5	果园 Orchard	水平台地梯壁种百喜草 Horizontal platform planting Paspalum notatum on the ladder wall

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 2018–2020年各试验小区降雨概况

Table 2. Overview of rainfall at test areas from 2018–2020

年份 Year	降雨日数 Rainfall days/d	产流次数 Runoff times	最大月降雨量 Maximum monthly rainfall/mm	降雨总量 Annual rainfall/mm	降雨侵蚀力 Rainfall erosivity /(MJ·mm·hm⁻²·h⁻¹)
2018	140	27	447.4 (6月)	1423.8	848.94
2019	156	35	205.2 (5月)	1388.8	921.15
2020	131	26	286.2 (3月)	1415.0	1463.37

下载: 导出CSV

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