Biological Characteristics and Fungicides for Effective Control of Colletotrichum destructivum on Echeveria Perle von Nürnberg
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摘要:
目的 明确红心莲炭疽病菌毁灭炭疽菌(Colletotrichum destructivum)的生物学特性。测定不同化学结构和作用机制的6种杀菌剂对毁灭炭疽菌的室内毒力,筛选高效安全杀菌剂。 方法 采用菌丝生长速率法测定温度、pH、光周期和碳、氮源对菌丝生长的影响,以及6种杀菌剂对毁灭炭疽菌抑制效果。 结果 毁灭炭疽菌菌丝生长最适温度为30 ℃、最适pH为8,光周期对菌丝生长影响小,最适碳、氮源分别为淀粉和酵母。室内毒力测定结果表明,所选的6种杀菌剂对病原菌毒力差异大,其中咯菌腈的毒力最强,EC50为0.0236 mg·L−1;其次为咪鲜胺和吡唑醚菌酯,EC50分别为0.0306 和0.0487 mg·L−1;甲基硫菌灵和苯醚甲环唑的毒力较弱,EC50分别为0.1526和0.1955 mg·L−1;多菌灵的毒力最弱,EC50为0.2199 mg·L−1。 结论 温度、pH、碳氮源对毁灭炭疽菌菌丝生长具有一定影响。咯菌腈、咪鲜胺和吡唑醚菌酯等杀菌剂对毁灭炭疽菌有较好的室内毒力。 Abstract:Objective Biological characteristics of Colletotrichum destructivum that infects Echeveria Perle von Nürnberg and in vitro toxicity of 6 fungicides on the pathogen were studied for the disease control. Method Effects of temperature, pH, photoperiods, carbon, and nitrogen on the growth and 6 fungicides on their legality on C. destructivum were determined by an in vitro culture method. Result The optimum growth conditions for C. destructivum were 30 ℃ at pH 8 on medium using starch for carbon and yeast for nitrogen resources. Photoperiods did not significant affect the mycelial growth. The 6 selected fungicides exhibited varying degrees of efficacy against C. destructivum. The EC50 of fludioxonil at 0.023 6 mg·L−1 was the most potent of them. It was followed by prochloraz at 0.030 6 mg·L−1, pyraclostrobin at 0.048 7 mg·L−1, thiophanate-methyl at 0.152 6 mg·L−1, difenoconazole at 0.195 5 mg·L−1, and carbendazim at 0.219 9 mg·L−1. Conclusion The growth of C. destructivum was affected by temperature, pH, carbon, and nitrogen and inhibited by fludioxonil, prochloraz, and pyraclostrobin. -
表 1 6种杀菌剂对毁灭炭疽病菌的室内毒力
Table 1. Toxicities of 6 fungicides against C. destructivum
供试药剂
Fungicides毒力回归方程
Toxicity regression equationEC50/(mg·L−1) 95% 置信区间
95% confidence interval
/(mg·L−1)相关系数 r
Correlation coefficient r甲基硫菌灵
Thiophanate-Methyly=5.556 4+0.681 6x 0.152 6 0.122 9~0.189 6 0.996 8 咪鲜胺
Prochlorazy=5.772 6+0.510 1x 0.030 6 0.024 6~0.038 0 0.997 4 吡唑醚菌酯Pyraclostrobin y=5.789 9+0.601 9x 0.048 7 0.042 6~0.055 7 0.998 9 咯菌腈
Fludioxonily=5.817 3+0.502 2x 0.023 6 0.019 8~0.028 0 0.998 4 苯醚甲环唑Difenoconazole y=5.520 3+0.733 9x 0.195 5 0.145 4~0.262 8 0.994 3 多菌灵
Carbendazimy=5.472 8+0.718 9x 0.219 9 0.181 0~0.267 2 0.997 5 -
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