多花黄精种子层积过程生理变化研究

张武君; 赵云青; 刘保财; 陈菁瑛; 黄颖桢; 程远航

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2022.008.005

多花黄精种子层积过程生理变化研究

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2022.008.005

张武君^{1, 2,},
赵云青^{1, 2},
刘保财^{1, 2},
陈菁瑛^{1, 2, ,},
黄颖桢^{1, 2},
程远航²

1.
福建省农业科学院农业生物资源研究所，福建　福州　350003
2.
福建省农业科学院药用植物研究中心，福建　福州　350003

基金项目: 福建省药用植物种质资源库（圃）项目（ZYBHDWZX202203）；福建省农业科学院科技创新团队建设项目(CXTD2021025)；福建省农业高质量发展超越“5511”协同创新工程项目（XTCXGC2021003）；福建省农业科学院生产性工程化实验室建设项目（2015GCH-6）；南平市科技计划项目（HNP2020NN1010010）

详细信息

作者简介:
张武君（1988−），女，助理研究员，研究方向：药用植物生理生化（E-mail：352047618@qq.com）

通讯作者:
陈菁瑛（1966−），女，研究员，研究方向：药用植物资源利用（E-mail：cjy6601@163.com）

中图分类号: S 567.2
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-02-16
- 修回日期: 2022-04-11
- 刊出日期: 2022-08-28

Physiological Changes of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua Seeds during Stratification

ZHANG Wujun^{1, 2
,},
ZHAO Yunqing^{1, 2},
LIU Baocai^{1, 2},
CHEN Jingying^{1, 2
, ,},
HUANG Yingzhen^{1, 2},
CHENG Yuanhang²

1.
Institute of Agricultural Bioresource, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian　350003, China
2.
Research Center for Medicinal Plants, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian　350003, China

摘要

摘要: 目的探究自然变温条件下多花黄精种子层积过程的生理变化，为多花黄精种子休眠解除及促进萌发提供理论依据和指导。方法将成熟的多花黄精种子进行5个月的湿沙层积，在自然变温条件下观测多花黄精种子从采后到大量萌发其间贮藏物质含量、相关酶活性以及内源激素含量变化。结果多花黄精种子中的纤维素含量较淀粉含量高，层积初始时分别为263.5 mg·g⁻¹和85.4 mg·g⁻¹，之后持续分解，为休眠和萌发提供能量。可溶性糖含量(SS)在2020-01-23及萌发后均显著上升，可溶性蛋白（SP）在2020-01-23显著上升，萌发后迅速下降。超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）酶活性在2020-01-23达到峰值。α-淀粉酶、β-淀粉酶活性与可溶性糖含量呈极显著正相关。6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶（6-PGDH）活性在萌发前显著下降，萌发后显著上升，烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸激酶（NDK）酶活性则与之相反，二者呈显著负相关。茉莉酸类物质含量在层积前、中期交替升高后下降。异戊烯基腺苷（IPA）、激动素（K）、反式玉米素（tZ）、顺式玉米素（cZ）、二氢玉米素（dh-Z），吲哚-3-乙酸甲酯（ME-IAA）以及脱落酸（ABA）含量持续下降。异戊烯基腺嘌呤（IP）、反式玉米素核苷（tZR），吲哚-3-甲醛（ICA）、吲哚-3-乙酸（IAA）含量在未萌发时持续下降，萌发后快速上升。赤霉素A₇（GA₇）、1-氨基环丙烷羧酸（ACC）含量呈上升趋势，并在萌发后大幅上升。水杨酸含量（SA）在萌发后迅速上升。结论淀粉和纤维素均为多花黄精种子的主要代谢物质，保护酶、淀粉酶及SS、SP含量在层积过程中为适应环境及促进萌发不断变化，茉莉酸类、生长素类及ABA共同维持休眠， GA₇和ACC促进休眠解除和萌发，ICA、IAA、IP、tZR、SA促进萌发。
- 多花黄精 /
- 种子 /
- 层积 /
- 萌发 /
- 生理
Abstract: Objective Physiological changes in seeds of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua during stratification under natural climatic conditions were investigated. Method Mature P. cyrtonema seeds were stratified in wet sand under natural climatic changes for 5 months from postharvest to massive germination. Contents of accumulated substances, related enzyme activities, and endogenous hormones in the seeds were continuously monitored. Result The seed cellulose content was higher than starch, i.e., 263.5mg·g⁻¹ vs. 85.4mg·g⁻¹ , in the beginning of stratification but degraded continuously to provide energy in dormancy and for germination. The content of soluble sugar (SS) increased significantly on 23-01-2020 and after germination, while that of soluble protein (SP) increased significantly on 23-01-2020 and decreased rapidly after germination. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) peaked on 23-01-2020, those of α-amylase and β-amylase correlated with the soluble sugar content, and that of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (6-PGDH) decreased significantly before germination and increased significantly afterward. In contrast, the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide kinase (NADK) activity significantly negatively correlated with 6-PGDH . On the accumulated chemicals, jasmonates increased alternately in the period prior to and middle of stratification and then decreased; isopentenyl adenosine (IPA), kinetin (K), trans zeatin (tZ), cis zeatin (cZ), dihydrozeatin (dh-z), methyl Indole-3-acetate (ME-IAA), and abscisic acid (ABA) decreased continuously; isoopentenyl adenine (IP), trans zeatin nucleoside (tZR), indole-3-formaldehyde (ICA), and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) decreased continuously before germination and increased rapidly after germination; gibberellin A7 (GA₇) and 1-aminocyclopropane carboxylic acid (ACC) increased during stratification and rapidly after germination; and salicylic acid (SA) increased rapidly after germination. Conclusion Starch and cellulose were the main metabolites of P. cyrtonema seeds under stratification. The activities of protective enzymes and the contents of SS and SP were constantly changing to adapt to the environmental conditions in preparation for germination. Jasmonates, auxins, and ABA jointly promoted the seed dormancy, ACC and GA₇ released dormancy for germination, while ICA, IAA, IP, TZR, and SA stimulated germination.
- Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua /
- seed /
- stratification /
- germination /
- physiology

HTML全文

图 1 多花黄精种子层积期间气温变化

Figure 1. Temperature changes during P. cyrtonema seeds stratification

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图 2 多花黄精种子层积过程贮藏物质含量变化

图中不同小写字母表示差异显著(P＜0.05)。图3～5，6～9同。

Figure 2. Changes on accumulated substances in P. cyrtonema seeds during stratification

Data with different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (P＜0.05). Same for Figs 3-5, 6-9.

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图 3 多花黄精种子层积过程期SOD、POD、CAT活性变化

Figure 3. Changes on SOD, POD, and CAT activities in P. cyrtonema seeds during stratification

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图 4 多花黄精种子层积过程α-淀粉酶、β-淀粉酶活性变化

Figure 4. Changes on α- amylase and β-amylase activities in P. cyrtonema seeds during stratification

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图 5 多花黄精种子层积过程6-PGDH、NADK酶活性变化

Figure 5. Changes on 6-PGDH and NADK activities in P. cyrtonema seeds during stratification

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图 6 多花黄精种子层积过程茉莉酸类物质含量变化

Figure 6. Changes on jasmonates content in P. cyrtonema seeds during stratification

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图 7 多花黄精种子层积过程细胞分裂素类物质含量变化

Figure 7. Changes on cytokinins content in P. cyrtonema seeds during stratification

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图 8 多花黄精种子层积过程生长素类物质含量变化

Figure 8. Changes on auxins content in P. cyrtonema seeds during stratification

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图 9 多花黄精种子层积过程赤霉素A₇、脱落酸、水杨酸、1-氨基环丙烷羧酸含量变化

Figure 9. Changes on GA₇, ABA, SA, and ACC contents in P. cyrtonema seeds during stratification

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表 1 样品信息

Table 1. Information on specimens

处理 Treatment	取样日期/(年-月-日) Sampling date	萌发状态 Germination state
S1	2019-10-23	未萌发 No germinating
S2	2019-11-23	未萌发 No germinating
S3	2019-12-23	未萌发 No germinating
S4	2020-01-23	未萌发 No germinating
S5	2020-02-23	未萌发 No germinating
S6	2020-03-23	刚萌发 Just germinating

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表 2 23种目标成分测定中优化的质谱条件参数

Table 2. Optimized MS/MS parameters on 23 components

激素类型　　　　　　　　　 Hormone type	激素　　　　　　 Hormone	化合物缩写 Compound abbreviation	t_R/min	质谱多反应监测MRM
激素类型　　　　　　　　　 Hormone type	激素　　　　　　 Hormone	化合物缩写 Compound abbreviation	t_R/min	离子对 Ion transition	去簇电压 Declustering potential/v	碰撞能 Collision energy/v	电喷雾 Electrospray ionization
茉莉酸类 Jasmonates	(±)-茉莉酸 (±)-Jasmonic acid	JA	9.46	209/59	26	10	ESI−
	二氢茉莉酸 Dihydrojasmonic acid	H₂-JA	10.30	211/59	36	11	ESI−
	（±）-茉莉酸-异亮氨酸 N-((-)-jasmonoyl)-S-isoleucine	JA-Ile	10.74	422/130	30	10	ESI−
	茉莉酸甲酯 Methyl jasmonate	Me-JA	10.9	225/151	27	19	ESI+
细胞分裂素类 Cytokinins	异戊烯基腺苷 N₆-(delta 2-isopentenyl)-adenine	IPA	6.67	336/136	40	39	ESI+
	激动素 Kinetin	K	4.97	216/148	10	20	ESI+
	反式玉米素 trans-Zeatin	tZ	2.87	220/136	35	24	ESI+
	顺式玉米素 cis-Zeatin	cZ	3.57	220/136	35	24	ESI+
	二氢玉米素 DL-Dihydrozeatin	dh-Z	2.96	222/136	30	29	ESI+
	异戊烯基腺嘌呤 N₆-isopentenyladenosine	IP	5.62	204/136	40	23	ESI+
	反式玉米素核苷 Trans-zeatin-riboside	tZR	4.91	352/220	30	27	ESI+
生长素类 Auxins	吲哚-3-甲醛 Indole-3-carboxaldehyde	ICA	7.29	146/118	37	21	ESI+
	吲哚-3-乙酸 Indole-3-acetic acid	IAA	7.13	176/130	23	22	ESI+
	吲哚-3-乙酸甲酯 Methyl 3-indolylacetate	Me-IAA	9.05	190/130	33	18	ESI+
	3-吲哚丁酸 Indole-3-acetic acid	IBA	8.85	204/186	46	21	ESI+
赤霉素类 Gibberellins	赤霉素A₇ Gibberellin A₇	GA₇	10.24	329/224	30	10	ESI−
	赤霉素A₄ Gibberellin A₄	GA₄	10.36	331/243	30	10	ESI−
	赤霉素A₃ Gibberellin A₃	GA₃	6.81	345/143	30	10	ESI−
	赤霉素A₁ Gibberellin A₁	GA₁	6.86	347/273	27	10	ESI−
脱落酸 Abscisic acid	脱落酸 (+)-Abscisic acid	ABA	8.43	263/153	24	10	ESI−
水杨酸类 Salicylic acids	水杨酸 Salicylic acid	SA	8.62	137/90	11	10	ESI−
水杨酸类 Salicylic acids	水杨酸甲 Methyl salicylate	Me-SA	10.31	153/97	70	21	ESI+
氨基环丙烷羧酸 1-Aminocyclopropanecarboxylic Acid	1-氨基环丙烷羧酸 1-Aminocyclopropanecarboxylic Acid	ACC	0.83	102/56	10	5	ESI+

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表 3 多花黄精种子层积过程贮藏物质与酶的相关性

Table 3. Correlation between accumulated substances and enzymes of P. cyrtonema seeds during stratification

指标 Index	淀粉 Starch	纤维素 Cellulose	可溶性糖 SS	可溶性蛋白 SP	超氧化物歧化酶 SOD	过氧化物酶 POD	过氧化氢酶 CAT	α-淀粉酶 α-amylase	β-淀粉酶 β-amylase	NAD激酶 NADK
纤维素 Cellulose	0.574^*
可溶性糖 SS	−0.719^**	−0.362
可溶性蛋白 SP	0.197	0.162	−0.359
超氧化物歧化酶 SOD	0.412	0.283	−0.401	0.932^**
过氧化物酶 POD	−0.129	0.009	0.317	0.692^**	0.701^**
过氧化氢酶 CAT	−0.464	−0.555^*	0.339	0.399	0.263	0.594^**
α-淀粉酶 α-amylase	−0.526^*	−0.316	0.820^**	−0.045	−0.133	0.527^*	0.555^*
β-淀粉酶 β-amylase	−0.668^**	−0.329	0.896^**	−0.531^*	−0.577^*	0.152	0.242	0.743^**
NADK NAD激酶	0.221	0.163	−0.691^**	0.704^**	0.606^**	0.060	0.023	−0.523^*	−0.778^**
6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶 6-PGDH	0.247	−0.318	−0.056	−0.537^*	−0.376	−0.350	−0.119	−0.091	0.137	−0.538^*
表示在0.05水平显著；表示在0.01水平极显著。 indicates significant at P＜0.05; ** indicates extremely significant at P＜0.01.

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