不同类型红曲的功能活性成分含量及体外抗氧化活性比较研究

吴俐; 汤葆莎; 赖谱富; 李怡彬; 翁敏劼; 陈君琛; 吕旭聪

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2022.007.012

不同类型红曲的功能活性成分含量及体外抗氧化活性比较研究

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2022.007.012

吴俐^{1, 2, 3,},
汤葆莎¹,
赖谱富¹,
李怡彬¹,
翁敏劼¹,
陈君琛¹,
吕旭聪^{2, 3, ,}

1.
福建省农业科学院农业工程技术研究所，福建　福州　350003
2.
福州大学化学学院，福建　福州　350108
3.
福州大学食品科学与技术研究所/福建省食品生物技术创新工程技术研究中心，福建　福州　350108

基金项目: 福建省科技计划公益类专项（2020R1032004、2021R10320011）；福建省农业高质量发展超越 “5511” 协同创新工程项目（XTCXGC2021014）；福建省科技创新团队建设项目(CXTD2021018-2)；福建省农业科学院科研项目（YC20210007）

详细信息

作者简介:
吴俐（1985−），女，硕士，助理研究员，研究方向：功能营养食品（E-mail：xxj1963@163.com）

通讯作者:
吕旭聪（1984−），男，博士，研究员，研究方向：食品生物技术（E-mail：xucong1154@qq.com）

中图分类号: S 646.9
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-04-29
- 修回日期: 2022-07-08
- 网络出版日期: 2022-08-07
- 刊出日期: 2022-07-28

Functional Components and In Vtro Antioxidant Activities of Different Types of Hongqu

WU Li^{1, 2, 3
,},
TANG Baosha¹,
LAI Pufu¹,
LI Yibin¹,
WENG Minjie¹,
CHEN Junchen¹,
LYU Xucong^{2, 3
, ,}

1.
Institute of Agri-engineering Technology, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian　350003, China
2.
College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian　350108, China
3.
Fujian Innovation Engineering Technology Research Center for Food Biotechnology/Institute of Food Science and Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian　350108, China

摘要

摘要: 目的分析功能曲（Functional Qu， FQ）、色曲（Coloring Qu，CQ）、乌衣红曲（Wuyi Qu，WQ）和古田红曲（Gutian Qu，GQ）4类红曲的主要功能活性成分和体外抗氧化活性，促进红曲抗氧化资源的开发利用。方法首先，通过紫外可见分光光度法、色差法和高效液相色谱法分析4类红曲的色素、莫拉可林K（MK）、γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）、麦角固醇、多糖等主要功能活性成分。其次，通过铁离子还原抗氧化能力（Ferric ion reducing antioxidant power，FRAP）、DPPH （1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical）自由基清除试验、ABTS（2,2'-Azinobis-（3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonate）自由基清除试验分别测定4类红曲的铁离子还原力、DPPH自由基清除能力和ABTS自由基清除能力等体外抗氧化活性。最后，采用SIMCA和SPSS软件分析主要功能活性成分和抗氧化活性的相关性。结果 4类红曲的主要功能活性成分结果显示：CQ的橙色价、黄色价和红色价显著高于FQ、GQ和WQ，GQ的橙色价、黄色价和红色价显著高于FQ和WQ，FQ的橙色价显著高于WQ。FQ的MK含量显著高于CQ、GQ和WQ。WQ的GABA含量显著高于CQ、FQ和GQ。WQ和FQ的麦角固醇含量显著高于CQ和GQ。FQ的多糖含量最高，其次是CQ。4类红曲的体外抗氧化活性测定结果显示：CQ的铁离子还原力、清除DPPH自由基和ABTS自由基清除能力均显著强于FQ、WQ和GQ，FQ的铁离子还原力强于WQ和GQ。4类红曲的主要功能活性成分和抗氧化活性的相关性分析显示，铁离子还原能力与色价之间极显著正相关（0.733 ≥ r ≥ 0.703），DPPH IC₅₀和ABTS IC₅₀与色价之间极显著负相关（−0.896 ≤ r ≤ −0.880和−0.773 ≤ r ≤ −0.758），说明在4类红曲主要功能活性成分中，色素是抗氧化活性的主要功效成分，MK、GABA、麦角固醇和多糖等功能活性成分与抗氧化活性无明显相关性。结论 CQ的色素含量和抗氧化活性明显强于FQ、GQ、和WQ，抗氧化活性与色素极显著正相关，说明红曲中色素是抗氧化活性的主要功效成分。研究结果为红曲抗氧化资源的开发和应用提供了理论基础。
- 红曲 /
- 抗氧化活性 /
- 色素 /
- 次生代谢物
Abstract: Objective Key functional components and in vitro antioxidant activities of 4 types of Hongqu (Monascus-rice fermentation paste) were determined for product development. Method Color value, monacolin K (MK), γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), ergosterol, and polysaccharide of Functional Qu (FQ), Coloring Qu (CQ), Wuyi Qu (WQ), and Gutian Qu (GQ) were measured by means of UV-Vis, colorimeter, and HPLC. Antioxidant activity of the Hongqu was determined by in vitro chemical assays including the ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-Azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonate (ABTS) radical scavenging capacities. Correlation between the functional components and the antioxidant activities of Hongqu was analyzed using SIMCA and SPSS software. Result The Hongqu specimens varied in the following aspects. CQ was measured significantly higher on orange, yellow, and red color value than FQ, GQ, and WQ, while GQ on orange, yellow, and red color value than FQ and WQ, and FQ on orange color value than WQ. FQ contained significantly more MK than CQ, GQ, and WQ, whereas WQ significantly more GABA than CQ, FQ, and GQ, but WQ and FQ significantly more ergosterol than CQ and GQ, and FQ had the highest content of polysaccharides, which was followed by CQ. The FRAP and DPPH and ABTS scavenging abilities of CQ were significantly higher than those of FQ, WQ, and GQ, and FQ was stronger in FRAP than WQ or GQ. The color value of Hongqu positively correlated with FRAP (0.733 ≥ r ≥ 0.703) and negatively with the scavenging 50% DPPH (−0.896 ≤ r ≤ −0.880) and ABTS (−0.773 ≤ r ≤ −0.758). It appeared that pigment was the critical antioxidant components in the Hongqu. On the other hand, neither MK, GABA, ergosterol, nor polysaccharides significant correlated with the in vitro antioxidant activity of the 4 Hongqu. Conclusion An extremely significant correlation between the pigment and antioxidant activity were demonstrated in CQ more than the other 3 Hongqu. In the development of natural antioxidant products, Monascus pigment could be a viable potential candidate.
- Hongqu (Monascus fermented red mold rice) /
- antioxidant activity /
- pigment /
- secondary metabolites

HTML全文

图 1 不同红曲的GABA、麦角固醇、多糖

Figure 1. Contents of GABA, ergosterol, and polysaccharide in various Hongqu

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图 2 不同红曲的体外抗氧化活性

Figure 2. Antioxidant activity in vitro of various Hongqu

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 不同红曲主要功能活性成分、抗氧化等指标的关联分析

A：主成分分析双标图（Bioplot）；B：层次聚类图（HCA）。

Figure 3. Correlations between key functional components and antioxidant indices of various Hongqu

A: Bioplot; B: Hierarchical clustering alg (HCA).

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表 1 不同红曲的橙色价（E₄₆₅）、黄色价（E₃₉₀）和红色价（E₅₁₀）

Table 1. Orange, yellow, and red color value of various Hongqu

样品 Sample	橙色价 E₄₆₅	黄色价 E₃₉₀	红色价 E₅₁₀	总色价 E
功能曲 FQ	98.80±47.02 c	128.51±50.11 c	121.72±54.38 c	349.02±150.98 c
色曲 CQ	1045.98±416.39 a	1426.66±499.59 a	1438.60±484.91 a	3911.23±1395.19 a
乌衣红曲WQ	73.26±19.40 d	112.36±38.07 c	101.81±34.26 c	287.43±91.12 d
古田红曲 GQ	187.15±23.73 b	274.72±43.72 b	292.63±36.64 b	754.50±97.13 b
同一列数据后不同小写字母表示差异显著（P ＜ 0.05），表2、3同。 Different letters on the same column mean significant difference(P＜0.05). The same for Table 2,3.

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表 2 不同红曲的色差

Table 2. Chromatism of various Hongqu

样品编号 Sample	白/黑差 △L*	红/绿差 △a*	黄/蓝差 △b*	总色差 △E
FQ	−51.81±1.02 b	11.54±2.52 a	5.80±0.60 ab	53.45±0.55 b
CQ	−53.97±0.76 c	11.78±1.12 a	8.15±2.06 a	55.88±0.31 a
WQ	−44.80±1.79 a	10.60±2.88 a	6.43±1.42 ab	46.55±2.40 c
GQ	−54.53±0.24 c	10.94±0.68 a	4.75±0.76 b	55.83±0.28 a

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表 3 不同红曲的莫纳克林K（MK）

Table 3. MK contents in various Hongqu

样品编号 Sample No.	内酯式莫纳克林K Lactone forms of MK/(mg·g⁻¹)	酸式莫纳克林K Acid forms of MK/(mg·g⁻¹)	莫纳克林K MK/ (mg·g⁻¹)	平均莫纳克林K MK/ (mg·g⁻¹)
FQ1	29.13±0.02	4.60±0.01	33.73±0.00	16.13±11.08 a
FQ2	17.66±0.08	2.61±0.02	20.27±0.11
FQ3	7.38±0.04	1.64±0.03	9.02±0.07
FQ4	7.78±0.04	2.88±0.01	10.66±0.05
FQ5	5.11±0.01	1.88±0.02	6.98±0.03
CQ1	—	0.10±0.04	0.10±0.04	0.26±0.13 b
CQ2	—	0.41±0.01	0.41±0.01
CQ3	—	0.26±0.01	0.26±0.01
CQ4	—	0.38±0.00	0.38±0.00
CQ5	—	0.17±0.02	0.17±0.02
WQ1	—	0.03±0.00	0.03±0.00	0.03±0.01 c
WQ2	—	0.03±0.00	0.03±0.00
WQ3	—	0.03±0.00	0.03±0.00
WQ4	—	0.04±0.00	0.04±0.00
WQ5	—	0.04±0.00	0.04±0.00
GQ1	—	0.02±0.00	0.02±0.00	0.02±0.01 c
GQ2	—	0.02±0.00	0.02±0.00
GQ3	—	0.02±0.00	0.02±0.00
GQ4	—	0.03±0.00	0.03±0.00
GQ5	—	0.03±0.00	0.03±0.00
“—”表示未检出。 “—” means no detected.

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表 4 不同红曲主要功能活性成分、抗氧化等指标的相关系数

Table 4. Correlation coefficients on key functional components and antioxidant indices of various Hongqu

指标 Index	红色价 E₅₁₀	黄色价 E₃₉₀	橙色价 E₄₆₅	总色差 △E	麦角固醇 Ergosterol	莫纳克林 K MK	γ-氨基丁酸 GABA	多糖 Polysaccharide	铁离子还原力 FRAP	清除50% DPPH 的浓度 DPPH IC₅₀	清除50% ABTS 的浓度 ABTS IC₅₀
红色价 E₅₁₀	1	0.983**	0.985**	0.810**	−0.477*	−0.135	−0.536*	−0.053	0.703**	−0.880**	−0.759**
黄色价 E₃₉₀		1	0.980**	0.778**	−0.477*	−0.138	−0.505*	−0.057	0.733**	−0.886**	−0.758**
橙色价 E₄₆₅			1	0.825**	−0.493*	−0.097	−0.556*	0.005	0.704**	−0.896**	−0.773**
总色差 △E				1	−0.627**	−0.112	−0.798**	−0.042	0.427	−0.805**	−0.569**
麦角固醇 Ergosterol					1	0.386	0.773**	0.362	−0.448*	0.412	0.211
莫纳克林K MK						1	−0.061	0.657**	−0.259	−0.187	−0.180
γ-氨基丁酸 GABA							1	0.001	−0.236	0.596**	0.319
多糖Polysaccharide								1	−0.323	−0.179	−0.140
铁离子还原力FRAP									1	−0.585**	−0.635**
清除50%DPPH的浓度 DPPH IC₅₀										1	0.788**
清除50%ABTS的浓度 ABTS IC₅₀											1
“ *”表示极显著（P＜0.01），“”表示显著（P＜0.05）。 “*” means extremely significant difference (P ＜0.01), “” means significant difference(P ＜0.05).

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