观赏海棠种子内源激素动态变化与胚胎败育关系

彭琴; 张往祥

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2022.007.010

观赏海棠种子内源激素动态变化与胚胎败育关系

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2022.007.010

彭琴^1,,
张往祥^{1, 2, ,}

1.
南京林业大学林学院，江苏　南京　210037
2.
扬州小苹果园艺有限公司，江苏　扬州　225000

基金项目: 扬州市科技计划项目（YZ2019037）

详细信息

作者简介:
彭琴（1998−），女，研究方向：观赏海棠花香调控机制（E-mail：Pengqin409@163.com）

通讯作者:
张往祥（1964−），男，博士，教授，研究方向：观赏木本花卉遗传育种、栽培管理与应用（E-mail: malus2011@163.com）

中图分类号: S 685.99
计量
- 文章访问数: 722
- HTML全文浏览量: 190
- PDF下载量: 17
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-12-13
- 修回日期: 2022-06-07
- 网络出版日期: 2022-08-07
- 刊出日期: 2022-07-28

Correlation between Changes on Endogenous Hormones and Embryo Abortion of Ornamental Crabapple Seeds

PENG Qin^1
,,
ZHANG Wangxiang^{1, 2
, ,}

1.
College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu　210037, China
2.
Little Apple Horticulture Company of Yangzhou, Yangzhou, Jiangsu　225000, China

摘要

摘要: 目的探究观赏海棠种子内源激素赤霉素（GA₃）、脱落酸（ABA）、细胞分裂素（CTK）、吲哚乙酸（IAA）等动态变化与胚胎败育关系。方法选取低败育率的红珠宝（M. Red Jewel）和高败育率的凯尔斯（M. Kelsey）为材料，分析果实生长发育过程中胚胎败育、内源激素含量的动态变化及相互间关系。结果凯尔斯在授粉后1～13 d挂果率急速下降，在授粉后54 d趋于稳定，红珠宝与凯尔斯的果实挂果率有显著差异（P＜0.05）。在胚胎发育前期，低败育率的红珠宝种子内源激素GA₃、IAA含量及GA₃/ABA、（GA₃+IAA+CTK）/ABA比值显著高于高败育率的凯尔斯（P＜0.05）；在胚胎发育后期，低败育率的红珠宝种子内源激素GA₃、ABA、IAA含量及IAA/ABA、GA₃/ABA、（GA₃+IAA+CTK）/ABA比值显著低于高败育率的凯尔斯（P＜0.05）。结论授粉后1～13 d是凯尔斯生理落果期，在生产上，该时期落果严重，是提高凯尔斯坐果率及果实观赏价值的最佳时期；授粉后1～54 d是红珠宝与凯尔斯胚胎败育发生的主要时期，大量胚败育果实在胚胎发育完成后并未脱落，而是持续生长到果实成熟，这与种子中高水平GA₃含量和（GA₃+IAA+CTK）/ABA比值没有下降反而升高有关。在胚胎发育早期，保持种子较高浓度GA₃和IAA能确保其正常发育，在胚胎发育晚期，种子内单一激素的高低无法确保胚胎的正常发育，低浓度的GA₃和IAA能确保其正常发育。
- 观赏海棠 /
- 果实生长 /
- 落果 /
- 败育 /
- 内源激素
Abstract: Objective Correlation between the changes on endogenous hormones and embryo abortion of ornamental crabapple seeds was investigated. Method Ornamental crabapple varieties, Malus Red Jewel with low abortion rate and M. Kelsey with high abortion rate, were compared on the endogenous hormones, including gibberellin GA₃, abscisic acid ABA, cytokinin CTK, and indoleacetic acid IAA, in the seeds during fruit growth and development. The dynamic changes were correlated to the seed embryo abortion rate. Results There was significant difference on the fruit setting rate between M. Red Jewel and M. Kelsey (P＜0.05) as that of M. Kelsey declined rapidly from one to 13 d and became stable at 54 d after pollination. In the early stage of embryonic development, the contents of GA₃ and IAA and ratios of GA₃/ABA and (GA₃+IAA+CTK)/ABA in the seeds of M. Red Jewel were significantly higher than those of M. Kelsey (P＜0.05). Conversely, in the later stage, the GA₃, ABA, IAA, IAA/ABA, GA₃/ABA, and (GA₃+IAA+CTK)/ABA of M. Red Jewel became significantly lower than those of M. Kelsey (P＜0.05). Conclusion The physiological fruit-dropping of M. Kelsey occurred in 1–13 d after pollination. It was the optimum time to alter the fruit-setting and improve the ornamental value of an M. tree. Embryonic abortion of both varieties of the crabapple took place within 54 d after pollination. Most of the fruits with aborted embryos did not fall off the tree and continued to grow to maturity due possibly to the increased GA₃ and (GA₃+IAA+CTK)/ABA ratio in the seeds. Consequently, maintaining a high content of GA₃ and IAA in the early stage could ensure a normal seed development. Once reached the late stage, no individual hormone, short of low level GA₃and IAA, could warrant a normal embryonic development.
- Ornamental crabapple /
- fruit growth /
- fruit dropping /
- embryo abortion /
- endogenous hormones

HTML全文

图 1 红珠宝和凯尔斯果实生长规律

图中*表示红珠宝与凯尔斯之间差异显著（P<0.05），下同。

Figure 1. Growth of M. Red Jewel and M. Kelsey fruits

* indicate significant differences between M. Red Jewel and M. Kelsey (P<0.05). Same for bellow.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 红珠宝和凯尔斯果实生长发育过程中种子内源激素含量的动态变化

Figure 2. Dynamic changes on endogenous hormones in seeds during growth and development of M. Red Jewel and M. Kelsey fruits

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 红珠宝和凯尔斯果实生长发育过程中种子内源激素平衡关系

Figure 3. Balance between endogenous hormones in seeds during growth and development of M. Red Jewel and M. Kelsey fruits

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

参考文献(28)

[1]	DONALD W, HOWAED E. Trees for American Gardens. [J]. Quarte- rly Review of Biology, 1953.
[2]	楚爱香. 河南观赏海棠品种分类研究[D]. 南京: 南京林业大学, 2009 CHU A X. Research on the cultivar classification of ornamental crabapples in henan[D]. Nanjing: Nanjing Forestry University, 2009. (in Chinese)
[3]	周婷, 沈星诚, 周道建, 等. 海棠品种分类研究进展 [J]. 园艺学报, 2018, 45(2):380−396. doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2017-0140 ZHOU T, SHEN X C, ZHOU D J, et al. Advances in the classification of crabapple cultivars [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2018, 45(2): 380−396.(in Chinese) doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2017-0140
[4]	JI J, LI Z, TIAN J, et al. ‘Hongbaleng’, a Crabapple cultivar with large fruit and full-coverage red color [J]. HortScience, 2021, 56(9): 1134−1138. doi: 10.21273/HORTSCI15994-21
[5]	YAN B B, HOU J L, CUI J, et al. The effects of endogenous hormones on the flowering and fruiting of Glycyrrhiza uralensis [J]. Plants (Basel, Switzerland), 2019, 8(11): 519.
[6]	QIU Z L, WEN Z, HOU Q D, et al. Cross-talk between transcriptome, phytohormone and HD-ZIP gene family analysis illuminates the molecular mechanism underlying fruitlet abscission in sweet cherry (Prunus avium L) [J]. BMC Plant Biology, 2021, 21(1): 173. doi: 10.1186/s12870-021-02940-8
[7]	ZHOU W, WANG X M, CHEN J H, et al. Abortion categories and characteristics of acarpous crape myrtle floral organs [J]. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 2019, 144(6): 387−393. doi: 10.21273/JASHS04757-19
[8]	ZHAO T, CHENG L, CHEN C L, et al. Microstructural observation on pistil abortion of ‘Li Guang’ apricot and transcriptome reveal the mechanism of endogenous hormones involved in pistil abortion [J]. Scientia Horticulturae, 2022, 293: 110749. doi: 10.1016/j.scienta.2021.110749
[9]	ZHANG S S, LI Y H, LI Y R, et al. Insights on seed abortion (endosperm and embryo development failure) from the transcriptome analysis of the wild type plant species Paeonia lutea [J]. Bioinformation, 2020, 16(8): 638−651. doi: 10.6026/97320630016638
[10]	LI Z Q, JIAO Y T, ZHANG C, et al. VvHDZ28 positively regulate salicylic acid biosynthesis during seed abortion in Thompson Seedless [J]. Plant Biotechnology Journal, 2021, 19(9): 1824−1838. doi: 10.1111/pbi.13596
[11]	XU S J, HOU H Z, WU Z, et al. Chrysanthemum embryo development is negatively affected by a novel ERF transcription factor, CmERF₁₂ [J]. Journal of Experimental Botany, 2022, 73(1): 197−212. doi: 10.1093/jxb/erab398
[12]	SU L, RAHAT S, REN N N, et al. Cytokinin and auxin modulate cucumber parthenocarpy fruit development [J]. Scientia Horticulturae, 2021, 282: 110026. doi: 10.1016/j.scienta.2021.110026
[13]	郭宇, 高美玲, 刘秀杰, 等. 西瓜种子不同发育时期内源激素含量变化 [J]. 基因组学与应用生物学, 2020, 39(9):4154−4161. doi: 10.13417/j.gab.039.005689 GUO Y, GAO M L, LIU X J, et al. Change of endogenous hormone content during seed size development in the watermelon [J]. Genomics and Applied Biology, 2020, 39(9): 4154−4161.(in Chinese) doi: 10.13417/j.gab.039.005689
[14]	贺军虎. 杧果(Mangifera indica L. )反季节生产中胚胎败育机理的研究[D]. 杨凌: 西北农林科技大学, 2013: 41-45 HE J H. Studies on the mechanism of mango (Mangifera indica L. ) embryo abortion in off-season cultivation[D]. Yangling: Northwest A & F University, 2013: 41-45. (in Chinese)
[15]	杨转英, 王惠聪, 丰锋, 等. 荔枝果实败育发生机制的研究进展 [J]. 广东农业科学, 2014, 41(23):31−34. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-874X.2014.23.007 YANG Z Y, WANG H C, FENG F, et al. Research progress on causes of seed abortion in Litchi fruit [J]. Guangdong Agricultural Sciences, 2014, 41(23): 31−34.(in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-874X.2014.23.007
[16]	任海燕. ‘冷白玉’枣胚败育与激素及相关基因的研究[D]. 太谷: 山西农业大学, 2018: 19-25 REN H Y. Study on relationship between embryo abortion, endogenous hormones and the hormone related genes in Ziziphus jujuba mill[D]. Taigu: Shanxi Agricultural University, 2018: 19-25. (in Chinese)
[17]	闫旭宇, 李娟, 李玲, 等. 枣胚败育因素分析及提高幼胚发生的措施 [J]. 种子, 2020, 39(8):52−55,60. doi: 10.16590/j.cnki.1001-4705.2020.08.052 YAN X Y, LI J, LI L, et al. Factors analysis of embryo abortion of Chinese jujube and measures to improve embryogenesis [J]. Seed, 2020, 39(8): 52−55,60.(in Chinese) doi: 10.16590/j.cnki.1001-4705.2020.08.052
[18]	陈伟, 吕柳新, 叶陈亮, 等. 荔枝胚胎败育与胚珠内源激素关系的研究 [J]. 热带作物学报, 2000, 21(3):34−38. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2000.03.007 CHEN W, LYU L X, YE C L, et al. Relationship between embryo abortion and endogenous hormones in Litchi ovules [J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2000, 21(3): 34−38.(in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2000.03.007
[19]	张贵谦, 申如明, 田自珍, 等. 蜜蜂授粉密度对红富士和金冠苹果坐果率影响的研究 [J]. 中国蜂业, 2012, 63(S3):21−23. ZHANG G Q, SHEN R M, TIAN Z Z, et al. The bee pollination density on the Fuji and golden delicious fruit rate impact studies [J]. Apiculture of China, 2012, 63(S3): 21−23.(in Chinese)
[20]	李登科, 薛晓芳, 王永康, 等. 枣胚胎发育及胚败育动态观察 [J]. 西北农业学报, 2016, 25(9):1379−1385. doi: 10.7606/j.issn.1004-1389.2016.09.015 LI D K, XUE X F, WANG Y K, et al. Observation of embryo development and abortion in Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba mill.) [J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Occidentalis Sinica, 2016, 25(9): 1379−1385.(in Chinese) doi: 10.7606/j.issn.1004-1389.2016.09.015
[21]	王晓楠, 付连双, 李卓夫, 等. 春小麦灌浆期含糖量的变化对幼胚退化率的影响 [J]. 东北农业大学学报, 2011, 42(7):24−29. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-9369.2011.07.005 WANG X N, FU L S, LI Z F, et al. Effect of change of sugar content on degenerating ratio of juvenile embryo during grain filling period in spring wheat [J]. Journal of Northeast Agricultural University, 2011, 42(7): 24−29.(in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-9369.2011.07.005
[22]	万春雁, 韩明玉, 糜林, 等. 早熟桃胚退化的相关因子研究 [J]. 西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版), 2010, 38(12):185−189,196. doi: 10.13207/j.cnki.jnwafu.2010.12.020 WAN C Y, HAN M Y, MI L, et al. Factors on the seed embryos' degradation of early-ripening peach(Prunus persica L.) [J]. Journal of Northwest A & F University (Natural Science Edition), 2010, 38(12): 185−189,196.(in Chinese) doi: 10.13207/j.cnki.jnwafu.2010.12.020
[23]	彭宏燕, 蒋朋飞, 李华, 等. 三倍体枇杷坐果期内源激素测定及Aux/IAA基因家族表达分析 [J]. 西南大学学报(自然科学版), 2020, 42(9):40−49. doi: 10.13718/j.cnki.xdzk.2020.09.004 PENG H Y, JIANG P F, LI H, et al. Phytohormone content detection and expression analysis of the Aux/IAA gene family during fruitSet of triploid loquat [J]. Journal of Southwest University (Natural Science Edition), 2020, 42(9): 40−49.(in Chinese) doi: 10.13718/j.cnki.xdzk.2020.09.004
[24]	GUSTAFSON F G. Inducement of fruit development by growth-promoting chemicals [J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 1936, 22(11): 628−636. doi: 10.1073/pnas.22.11.628
[25]	CHEN W, LU L X. Endogenous hormones in relation to embryo development in Litchi [J]. Acta Horticulturae, 2001(558): 247−250.
[26]	贺军虎, 马锋旺, 束怀瑞, 等. ‘金煌’杧果胚正常与胚败育果实内源激素的变化 [J]. 园艺学报, 2012, 39(6):1167−1174. doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2012.06.018 HE J H, MA F W, SHU H R, et al. The change of endogenous hormones in ‘Jinhuang' Mango fruit with normal and aborted embryo [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2012, 39(6): 1167−1174.(in Chinese) doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2012.06.018
[27]	祁业凤, 刘孟军. 两个胚败育率不同的枣品种果实生育期内源激素的变化 [J]. 园艺学报, 2004, 31(6):800−802. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0513-353X.2004.06.021 QI Y F, LIU M J. Change of endogenous hormone in cultivars of Chinese jujube with different type of embryo abortion [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2004, 31(6): 800−802.(in Chinese) doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0513-353X.2004.06.021
[28]	韩东花, 杨桂娟, 肖遥, 等. 楸树种子发育过程中内源激素含量的动态变化 [J]. 林业科学研究, 2021, 34(1):56−64. doi: 10.13275/j.cnki.lykxyj.2021.01.007 HAN D H, YANG G J, XIAO Y, et al. Dynamic changes of endogenous hormone content in Catalpa bungei seeds during their developmental periods [J]. Forest Research, 2021, 34(1): 56−64.(in Chinese) doi: 10.13275/j.cnki.lykxyj.2021.01.007