优质高产早熟杂交水稻新品种潢优粤禾丝苗的选育

王洪飞; 游晴如; 陈春霞; 房贤涛; 周鹏; 郑菲艳; 董瑞霞; 涂诗航; 黄庭旭

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2022.005.002

优质高产早熟杂交水稻新品种潢优粤禾丝苗的选育

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2022.005.002

福建省农业科学院水稻研究所/福州国家水稻改良分中心，福建　福州　350018

基金项目: 福建省科技计划公益类专项（2019R1023-4、2020R1023004）；福建省种业创新与产业化工程项目（fjzycxny2017001、zycxny2021001）；国家重点研发计划项目（2016YFD0101102、2017YFD0100100）；福建省现代农业水稻产业技术体系建设专项（闽农综〔2021〕90号）；福建省农业科学院水稻重点科技创新团队项目（STIT2017-1-1）；福建省农业科学院农业科技创新联盟专项（CXLM202001）；福建省科技重大专项（2020NZ08016）；福建省农业高质量发展超越“5511”协同创新工程项目（XTCXGC2021001）

详细信息

作者简介:
王洪飞（1978−），男，硕士，助理研究员，研究方向：水稻遗传育种（E-mail：94116800@qq.com）

通讯作者:
黄庭旭（1964−），男，硕士，研究员，研究方向：水稻遗传育种（E-mail：610143535@qq.com）

中图分类号: S 511
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-12-19
- 录用日期: 2021-12-19
- 修回日期: 2022-05-01
- 网络出版日期: 2022-05-21
- 刊出日期: 2022-05-28

Breeding of High-quality, High-yield, Early-maturing Hybrid Rice Huangyou Yuehesimiao

Rice Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Fuzhou Branch, National Rice Improvement Center of China, Fuzhou, Fujian　350018, China

摘要

摘要: 目的充分挖掘和利用优良常规稻资源，加强早熟优良杂交水稻不育系的创制，培育杂种优势强、优质、抗病及广适应性的早熟杂交水稻新品种，满足农业种植结构调整对早熟优良杂交水稻品种需求。方法以泸香90B为母本，早熟优质常规稻佳辐占为父本杂交，后代经福建建阳和海南三亚两地穿梭加代育种，及福建上杭茶地稻瘟病抗性鉴定，从中筛选出早熟、大粒、优质、抗病的优良单株与Ⅱ-32A测交和多代回交转育，于2013年育成早熟优质高配合力水稻不育系潢达A；2016年春季在海南用潢达A与恢复系粤禾丝苗进行制种配组（潢优粤禾丝苗）。潢优粤禾丝苗于2016–2017年参加福建、海南和江西等多地品比试验，2018–2020年参加福建省早稻组和长江中下游晚籼早熟组联合体区试和生产试验，考察其综合性状表现。结果潢优粤禾丝苗在多地品比试验中，平均产量达8100.00 kg·hm⁻²以上，比对照品种增产4.33%～18.76%。在福建省早稻新品种筛选试验、区试和生产试验中，平均产量分别达8014.50 kg·hm⁻²、8003.70 kg·hm⁻²和7444.65 kg·hm⁻²，比对照品种T78优2155平均增产4.80%、10.93%和8.26%；在长江中下游晚籼早熟组联合体区试和生产试验中，平均产量为9761.25 kg·hm⁻²和8838.45 kg·hm⁻²，比对照品种五优308平均增产4.18%和3.54%；于2020年通过福建省农作物品种审定委员会审定（闽审稻20200009），2021年通过国家农作物品种审定委员会审定（国审稻20210328）。结论潢优粤禾丝苗是早晚兼用型、高产稳产、抗病的优质杂交水稻品种，其早稻和晚稻米质分别达部颁一等和三等优质稻品种品质标准，可在福建全省作早稻种植和长江中下游双季稻区作晚稻种植，推广应用前景广阔。
- 杂交水稻 /
- 早熟 /
- 潢优粤禾丝苗 /
- 品种选育
Abstract: Objective To fully explore the potential of existing resources, an early-maturing hybrid rice CMS line with much desirable qualities was bred. Method Luxiang 90B as the female parent and the high-quality early-maturing traditional Jiafuzhan as the male parent were applied for the hybridization. To save time, a part of the self-crossing process was conducted in the warmer southern province of Hainan, instead of Fujian, in winter. A blast resistance test was performed at a tea plantation in Shanghang. Hybrids showing the target traits of early maturation, large grains, high quality, and disease resistance were selected to backcross with II -32A for several generations. The final combined line was then crossed with the traditional restorer line Yuehesimiao to yield a 3-line hybrid indica rice for submission to the comparative trials held in different provinces. Result An early-maturing, high-quality, strong combining ability CMS line, Huangda A, was obtained in 2013 to be crossed with Yuehesimiao resulting in a new 3-line hybrid indica rice named Huangyou Yuehesimiao in spring 2016. During 2016–2017, the newly bred rice was submitted to the trials in Hainan and Jiangxi in addition to Fujian for performance evaluation. Subsequently, in 2018–2020, it participated in the trials for screening, regional competition, and production of early-season rice in Fujian as well as early-maturing, late-season indica rice in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River to be critically examined in regard to growth period, yield, blast resistance, grain quality, and adaptability of the rice varieties. In the Hainan, Jiangxi, and Fujian trials, Huangyou Yuehesimiao delivered an average yield of more than 8 100.00 kg·hm⁻², which was a 4.33% to 18.76% higher than that of the reference variety. In the screening, regional, and production trials on early-season rice, it showed the average yields of 8 014.5 kg·hm⁻², 8 003.70 kg·hm⁻², and 7 444.65 kg·hm⁻², respectively, representing increases of 4.80%, 10.93%, and 8.26%, respectively, in comparison to that of T78 You 2155. Meanwhile, in the regional and production trials on early-maturing, late-season rice in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River, the average yields were 9 761.25 kg hm⁻² and 8 838.45 kg·hm⁻², respectively, with 4.18% and 3.54% increases, respectively, as compared to Wuyou 308. The new variety was certified by the Fujian Province Crop Variety Approval Committee in 2020 and by the National Crop Variety Approval Committee in 2021. Conclusion Huangyou Yuehesimiao was a high-quality, high- and stable-yield, blast resistant hybrid rice suitable for either early or late season cropping. The grain quality met the national standard for Grade-1 early rice and Grade-3 late rice as set by the Ministry of Agriculture. Consequently. Consequently, it was deemed appropriate for early and late-season double cropping rice cultivation in Fujian or areas such as the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.
- hybrid rice /
- early-maturing /
- Huangyou Yuehesimiao /
- breeding

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图 1 保持系潢达B与不育系潢达A的选育流程

Figure 1. Breeding of Huangda B and CMS line Huangda A

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表 1 潢优粤禾丝苗等杂交组合的农艺性状和产量表现

Table 1. Yield and Agronomic traits of Huangyou Yuehesimiao and other hybrid rice combinations

品种名称 Name of varieties	生育期 Growth period/d	株高 Plant height/cm	有效穗数 Effective panicle no./ （×10⁴·hm⁻²）	每穗总粒数 Total grain per panicle	结实率 Seed etting rate/%	千粒重 1 000 grain weight/g	产量 Yield/ （kg·hm⁻²）	比CK增产率 Ratio compared with CK/%	比CK₂增产率 Ratio compared with CK₂/%
潢优粤禾丝苗 Huangyou Yuehesimiao	117	103.7	268.9	187.0	90.98	26.8	8657.2	14.25	5.90
潢优308 Huangyou 308	116	97.7	286.2	185.9	86.16	26.5	8642.5	14.05	5.72
律优308 Lüyou 308	112	95.6	296.7	175.3	82.30	25.0	8325.1	9.87	1.84
清优308 Qingyou 308	118	100.2	309.3	178.5	83.10	23.2	8227.4	8.58	0.64
清优粤禾丝苗 Qingyou Yuehesimiao	118	104.7	285.7	173.9	84.03	24.6	8186.5	8.04	0.14
五优308 Wuyou 308（CK₂）	120	107.0	275.7	183.7	88.66	23.8	8175.0	7.89	—
泓优308 Hongyou 308	115	102.3	308.7	173.4	77.58	23.5	8105.1	6.96	−0.86
澄优粤禾丝苗 Chengyou Yuehesimiao	119	99.3	260.0	163.8	82.07	27.3	8040.0	6.10	−1.65
泓优粤禾丝苗 Hongyou Yuehesimiao	119	100.0	287.1	165.4	80.90	26.8	8017.5	5.81	−1.93
律优粤禾丝苗 Lüyou Yuehesimiao	113	104.3	235.7	171.6	79.76	26.0	7705.0	1.68	−5.75
澄优308 Chengyou 308	114	105.0	288.6	163.2	76.63	23.9	7696.4	1.57	−5.85
金优2155 Jinyou 2155（CK）	116	113.3	257.0	157.1	84.14	27.2	7577.5	—	−7.31

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表 2 潢优粤禾丝苗在福建省区域试验和生产试验产量表现

Table 2. Yield of Huangyou Yuehesimiao in regional and production trials in Fujian

试验类型 Type of trial	品种名称 Name of varieties	年份 Year	产量 Yield/ （kg·hm⁻²）	比CK₁增产率 Ratio compared with CK₁/%
区域试验 Regional trial	潢优粤禾丝苗 Huangyou Yuehesimiao	2018	8140.05	11.41
		2019	7867.35	10.45
		平均 Average	8003.70	10.93
	T78优2155 T78you2155 （CK₁）	2018	7306.65	—
		2019	7122.90	—
		平均 Average	7214.78	—
生产试验 Producing trial	潢优粤禾丝苗 Huangyou Yuehesimiao	2019	7444.65	8.26
生产试验 Producing trial	T78优2155 T78you2155（CK₁）	2019	6876.45	—

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表 3 潢优粤禾丝苗在长江中下游联合体区域试验和生产试验产量表现

Table 3. Yield of Huangyou Yuehesimiao in regional and production trials in middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River

试验类型 Type of trial	品种名称 Name of varieties	年份 Year	产量 Yield/ （kg·hm⁻²）	比CK₂增产率 Ratio compared with CK₂/%
区域试验 Regional trial	潢优粤禾丝苗 Huangyou Yuehesimiao	2018	9610.80	3.49
		2019	9911.70	4.87
		平均 Average	9761.25	4.18
	五优308 Wuyou 308（CK₂）	2018	9286.95	—
		2019	9451.50	—
		平均 Average	9369.23	—
生产试验 Producing trial	潢优粤禾丝苗 Huangyou Yuehesimiao	2020	8838.45	3.54
生产试验 Producing trial	五优308 Wuyou 308（CK₂）	2020	8536.05	—

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表 4 潢优粤禾丝苗在福建省和长江中下游区试中的主要农艺性状

Table 4. Main agronomic traits of Huangyou Yuehesimiao displayed in regional trials in Fujian and middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River

试验类型 Type of trial	品种名称 Name of varieties	年份 Year	生育期 Growth period/d	有效穗数 Effective panicle no./ （×10⁴·hm⁻²）	株高 Plant height/cm	穗长 Spike length/cm	每穗总粒数 Total grain per panicle	结实率 Seed setting rate/%	千粒重 1000 -grain weight/g
福建区试 Regional trial in Fujian	潢优粤禾丝苗 Huangyou Yuehesimiao	2018	127.6	252.0	102.2	22.7	162.3	87.24	26.7
		2019	128.7	270.0	94.8	21.8	143.4	84.22	26.7
		平均 Average	128.2	261.0	98.5	22.3	152.9	85.73	26.7
	T78优2155 T78you2155（CK₁）	2018	127.4	256.5	117.5	24.7	158.8	82.19	26.2
		2019	128.6	259.5	107.4	23.5	140.2	82.90	24.9
		平均 Average	128.0	258.0	112.5	24.1	149.5	82.55	25.6
长江中下游区试 Regional trial in middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River	潢优粤禾丝苗 Huangyou Yuehesimiao	2018	112.5	289.5	106.8	23.4	163.3	87.30	26.5
		2019	111.2	283.5	106.9	24.2	178.5	89.10	25.8
		平均 Average	111.9	286.5	106.9	23.8	170.9	88.20	26.2
	五优308 Wuyou 308（CK₂）	2018	116.6	318.0	108.3	21.1	161.9	84.90	23.7
		2019	115.8	294.0	110.4	22.1	178.2	84.20	23.9
		平均 Average	116.2	306.0	109.3	21.6	170.1	84.50	23.8

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表 5 潢优粤禾丝苗在福建省区试中的稻瘟病抗性表现

Table 5. Blast-resistance of Huangyou Yuehesimiao exhibited at regional trial in Fujian

品种名称 Name of varieties	年份 Year	田间自然诱发鉴定 Fields natural inducing identification								苗期室内鉴定 Indoor identification at seedling stage			抗性综合评价 Comprehensive evaluation of resistance
		鉴定点数 Identification points	叶瘟 Leaf blast			穗颈瘟 Neck-panicle blast			抗性评价 Resistance evaluation	接菌株数 No. of inoculated strains	抗菌株率 Resistance to strain rate/%	抗性评价 Resistance evaluation
		鉴定点数 Identification points	发病率 Incidence rate/%	病情指数 Disease index	最高级 Top grade	发病率 Incidence rate/%	病情指数 Disease index	最高级 Top grade	抗性评价 Resistance evaluation	接菌株数 No. of inoculated strains	抗菌株率 Resistance to strain rate/%	抗性评价 Resistance evaluation
潢优粤禾丝苗 Huangyou Yuehesimiao	2018	4	4.38	1.12	5	14.00	3.69	5	R	20	75.00	MR	MR
	2019	4	13.38	4.32	4	23.75	8.45	9	MR	20	78.95	MR	MR
	平均 Average	4	8.88	2.72	5	18.88	6.07	9	MR	20	76.98	MR	MR
T78优2155 T78you2155（CK₁）	2018	4	31.25	12.63	7	46.00	26.17	9	S	20	18.75	S	S
	2019	4	42.13	18.17	8	56.75	25.36	9	S	20	21.05	S	S
	平均 Average	4	36.69	15.40	8	51.38	25.77	9	S	20	19.90	S	S

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表 6 潢优粤禾丝苗在长江中下游联合体区试中的主要病虫抗性表现

Table 6. Major disease and insect resistance of Huangyou Yuehesimiao identified in regional trial in middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River

品种名称 Name of varieties	年份 Year	稻瘟病 Rice blast								白叶枯病抗性等级 Bacterial blight grade	褐飞虱抗性等级 Brown planthopper grade
		综合指数 Comprehensive index							穗瘟损失率最高级 Highest loss rate of panicle blast
		浙江 Zhejiang	湖南 Hunan	湖北 Hubei	安徽 Anhui	福建 Fujian	江西 Jiangxi	平均 Average	穗瘟损失率最高级 Highest loss rate of panicle blast
潢优粤禾丝苗 Huangyou Yuehesimiao	2018	4.00	4.00	4.00	5.80	2.00	5.75	4.30	5	7	7
潢优粤禾丝苗 Huangyou Yuehesimiao	2019	4.00	4.25	5.25	4.00	3.50	4.00	4.20	5	7	9
五优308 Wuyou 308（CK₂）	2018	3.80	4.50	4.50	6.80	8.00	6.75	5.70	9	9	9
五优308 Wuyou 308（CK₂）	2019	4.50	4.75	5.50	5.50	4.00	7.00	5.20	7	7	9

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表 7 潢优粤禾丝苗与T78优2155、五优308的稻米品质比较（2019年）

Table 7. Grain quality of Huangyou Yuehesimiao, T78you 2155, and Wuyou 308 in 2019

类型 Type	品种名称 Name of varieties	糙米率 Brown rice percentage/ %	精米率 Milled rice percentage/ %	整精米率 Head rice percentage/ %	粒长 Grain length/ mm	长宽比 Ratio of grain length to width	垩白度 Chalkiness/ %	透明度 Transparency	碱消值 Alkali value	胶稠度 Gel consistency/ mm	直链淀粉 Amylose content/ %
福建区试 Regional trial in Fujian	潢优粤禾丝苗 Huangyou Yuehesimiao	82.6	75.0	67.7	7.1	3.2	1.0	1.0	7.0	78	17.7
福建区试 Regional trial in Fujian	T78优2155 T78you2155 （CK₁）	81.3	74.0	65.7	6.4	2.6	8.9	2.0	4.7	58	21.8
长江中下游区试 Regional trial in middle and lower reaches of Yangtze river	潢优粤禾丝苗 Huangyou Yuehesimiao	81.1	72.5	63.5	6.8	3.4	3.2	1.0	6.6	53	16.6
	五优308 Wuyou 308（CK₂）	80.1	72.9	34.6	6.2	2.9	5.7	2.3	5.1	45	19.6

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