樱桃叶斑病菌生物学特性及室内药剂筛选

王磊; 支欢欢; 马永强; 姚强; 陈红雨; 张纲; 郭青云

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2022.004.011

樱桃叶斑病菌生物学特性及室内药剂筛选

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2022.004.011

王磊^1,,
支欢欢¹,
马永强¹,
姚强¹,
陈红雨¹,
张纲²,
郭青云^1, ,

1.
青海大学农林科学院植物保护研究所/青海省农业有害生物综合治理重点实验室/农业农村部西宁作物有害生物科学观测试验站，青海　西宁　810016
2.
青海省海东市乐都区农业技术推广中心，青海　海东　810600

基金项目: 农业农村部“948”项目（2015-Z71）；青海省农业有害生物综合治理重点实验室项目（2021-ZJ-Y08）

详细信息

作者简介:
王磊（1994−），男，硕士研究生，研究方向：植物病理（E-mail：982074710@qq.com）

通讯作者:
郭青云（1965−），女，硕士，研究员，研究方向：植物保护（E-mail：guoqingyunqh@163.com）

中图分类号: S 436
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-12-23
- 修回日期: 2022-02-03
- 网络出版日期: 2022-03-21
- 刊出日期: 2022-04-28

Biological Characteristics and Fungicides of Cherry Leaf Spot Disease Pathogen

1.
Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University/Key Laboratory of Agriculture Pest Management, Institute of Plant Protection, Scientific Observation and experiment Station of Crop Pest in Xining, Ministry of Agriculture, Xining, Qinghai　810016, China
2.
Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Haidong, Qinghai　810600, China

摘要

摘要: 目的明确青海省樱桃叶斑病菌杨柳炭疽菌Colletotrichum salicis的生物学特性，并筛选出高效的杀菌剂。方法采用十字交叉法及孢子计数法研究了病原菌的生物学特性，并用生长速率法测定病原菌对26种杀菌剂的敏感性。结果该病原菌的最适培养基为PDA；菌落生长和产孢的最适碳源分别为肌醇和葡萄糖，菌落生长和产孢的最适氮源分别为牛肉膏和蛋白胨。该菌在5～40 ℃条件下均能生长，且最适温度为25 ℃，致死条件为58 ℃水浴处理10 min；在pH值为4～12内均可生长和产孢，最适pH值为7；在12 h /12 h光暗交替下，菌落生长快且产孢多。供试杀菌剂中化学与生物杀菌剂抑菌效果最好的分别是10%苯醚甲环唑WG和0.3%丁子香酚SL，其EC₅₀值分别为0.6、1.15 mg∙L⁻¹；20%乙蒜素EC、80%代森锰锌WP和500 g∙L⁻¹异菌脲SC的抑菌效果较差，EC₅₀值高达301.44、679.36、1012.52 mg∙L⁻¹。结论明确了樱桃叶斑病病原菌生长和产孢的最适培养条件和营养物质，并筛选出抑菌效果较好的杀菌剂。
- 樱桃叶斑病 /
- 杨柳炭疽菌 /
- 生物学特性 /
- 高效药剂 /
- 毒力测定
Abstract: Objective Biological characteristics of Colletotrichum salicis, the pathogen that causes the leaf spot disease on cherry plants in Qinghai Province, were studied and effective fungicides evaluated for the control. Methods C. salicis were examined by the cross and spore counting methods. Its sensitivity to 26 fungicides was determined in the laboratory according to the growth inhibition on culture media. Results PDA medium was found to be optimal for the C. salicis mycelial growth and sporulation. Inositol and glucose were the optimal carbon sources for sporulation, while beef extract the nitrogen for colony growth and peptone for spore production. The pathogen could grow between 5 ℃ and 40 ℃ but most rapidly at 25 ℃ and died at 58 ℃ in 10 min; between pH 4 and 12 but optimally at pH 7; and well under a photoperiod cycle of 12 h light/12 h dark. Among the tested antifungal agents, 10% phentermine methiconazole aqueous dispersion or 0.3% eugenol dissolvable solution had the greatest inhibition with EC₅₀ of 0.6 mg·L⁻¹ and 1.151 mg·L⁻¹, respectively, whereas 20% allicin oil emulsion, 80% manganese zinc wettable powder, and 500 g·L⁻¹ isobaric urea suspension the least efficacies with EC₅₀ up to 301.44 mg·L⁻¹, 679.36 mg·L⁻¹, and 1 012.52 mg·L⁻¹, respectively. Conclusion The conditions and nutrients for optimal C. salicis culture were determined and the effective fungicides were identified.
- Cherry leaf spot /
- Colletotrichum salicis /
- biological characteristics /
- highly effective fungicides /
- virulence assay

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图 1 不同培养基对杨柳炭疽菌的菌落生长和产孢的影响

注：不同小写字母表示差异显著（P<0.05），下同。

Figure 1. Effects of culture media on mycelial growth and sporulation of C. salicis

Note: Different lowercase letters represent significant difference at P<0.05，the same as below.

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图 2 不同碳源对杨柳炭疽菌的菌落生长和产孢的影响

Figure 2. Effects of carbon sources on mycelial growth and sporulation of C. salicis

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图 3 不同碳源对杨柳炭疽菌的菌落生长和产孢的影响

Figure 3. Effects of nitrogen source on mycelial growth and sporulation of C. salicis

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图 4 不同温度对杨柳炭疽菌的菌落生长和产孢的影响

Figure 4. Effects of temperature on mycelial growth and sporulation of C. salicis

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图 5 不同pH对杨柳炭疽菌的菌落生长和产孢的影响

Figure 5. Effects of pH on mycelial growth and sporulation of C. salicis

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图 6 不同光照周期对杨柳炭疽菌的菌落生长和产孢的影响

注：0 h，全黑暗；12 h，12 h光照+12 h黑暗；24 h，全光照。

Figure 6. Effects of photoperiod on mycelial growth and sporulation of C. salicis

Note: 0 h, 24 h in the dark; 12 h, 12 h light+12 h dark; 24 h, all day under light exposure

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图 7 杀菌剂对杨柳炭疽菌的菌丝生长的抑制效果

注：A，10%苯醚甲环唑水分散粒剂；B，325 g∙L^-1苯甲∙嘧菌酯悬浮剂；C，430 g∙L^-1戊唑醇悬浮剂；D，60%唑醚∙代森联水分散粒剂；E，75%肟菌∙戊唑醇水分散粒剂；F，46%氢氧化铜水分散粒剂；G，25 g∙L^-1咯菌腈悬浮种衣剂；H，30%吡唑醚菌酯悬浮剂；I，250 g∙L^-1嘧菌酯悬浮剂；J，40%腈菌唑悬浮剂；K，50%啶酰菌胺水分散粒剂；L，75%百菌清可湿性粉剂；M，70%甲基硫菌灵可湿性粉剂；N，15%三唑酮可湿性粉剂；O，250 g∙L^-1丙环唑乳油；P，80%丙森锌可湿性粉剂；Q，80%多菌灵可湿性粉剂；R，300 g∙L^-1苯甲∙丙环唑乳油；S，80%代森锰锌可湿性粉剂；T，500 g∙L^-1异菌脲悬浮剂；U，0.3%丁子香酚可溶液剂；V，3%中生菌素可湿性粉剂；W，8%宁南霉素水剂；X，6%春雷霉素水剂；Y，6%寡糖∙链蛋白可湿性粉剂；Z，20%乙蒜素乳油；CK，空白PDA培养基。

Figure 7. Inhibitory effect of fungicides on C. salicis

Note: A, 10% dioxoconazole WG；B, 325 g∙L^-1 benzoyl azoxystrobin SC；C, 430 g∙L^-1 tebuconazole SC；D, 60% zolyl ether combination WG；E, 75% oxime∙tebuconazole WG；F, 46%copper hydroxide WG；G, 25 g∙L^-1 fludioxonil FS；H, 30% pyraclostrobin SC；I, 250 g∙L^-1 azoxystrobin SC；J, 40% myclobutanil SC；K, 50% boscalid WG；L, 75% chlorothalonil WP；M, 70% thiophanate-methyl WP；N, 15% triadimefon WP；O, 250 g∙L^-1 propiconazole EC；P, 80% propineb WP；Q, 80% carbendazim WP；R, 300 g∙L^-1 benzoyl propiconazole EC；S, 80% mancozeb WP；T, 500 g∙L^-1 iprodione SC；U, 0.3% eugenol SL；V, 3% zhongshengmycin WP；W, 8% ningnanmycin WA；X, 6% kasugamycin WA；Y, 6% oligose catenin WP；Z, 20% ethylicin EC；CK, Blank PDA medium.

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表 1 参试药剂及其稀释倍数

Table 1. Dilutions of tested fungicides

药剂 Fungicides	生产厂家 Manufacturers	稀释倍数 Diluted multiples
80%代森锰锌可湿性粉剂 80% mancozeb WP	印度科门德国际有限公司	400、800、1200、1600、2000
250 g∙L⁻¹丙环唑乳油 250 g∙L⁻¹ propiconazole EC	先正达（苏州）作物保护有限公司	300、600、900、1200、1500
15%三唑酮可湿性粉剂 15% triadimefon WP	江苏剑牌农化股份有限公司	400、800、1200、1600、2000
250 g∙L⁻¹嘧菌酯悬浮剂 250 g∙L⁻¹ azoxystrobin SC	先正达南通作物保护有限公司	500、1000、2000、3000、4000
46%氢氧化铜水分散粒剂 46%copper hydroxide WG	美国杜邦中国集团有限公司	1000、2000、3000、4000、5000
300 g∙L⁻¹苯甲∙丙环唑乳油 300 g∙L⁻¹ benzoyl propiconazole EC	瑞士先正达作物保护有限公司	200、400、800、1600、3200
80%多菌灵可湿性粉剂 80% carbendazim WP	浙江一帆化工有限公司	400、800、1200、1600、2000
70%甲基硫菌灵可湿性粉剂 70% thiophanate-methyl WP	陕西亿农高科药业有限公司	1000、2000、3000、4000、5000
40%腈菌唑悬浮剂 40% myclobutanil SC	江西禾益化工股份有限公司	500、1000、2000、3000、4000
50%啶酰菌胺水分散粒剂 50% boscalid WG	巴斯夫欧洲公司	500、1000、2000、3000、4000
325 g∙L⁻¹苯甲∙嘧菌酯悬浮剂 325 g∙L⁻¹ benzoyl azoxystrobin SC	先正达南通作物保护有限公司	500、1000、2000、4000、8000
60%唑醚∙代森联水分散粒剂 60% zolyl ether combination WG	巴斯夫欧洲公司	300、600、1200、2400、4800
10%苯醚甲环唑水分散粒剂 10% dioxoconazole WG	先正达南通作物保护有限公司	500、1000、2000、3000、4000
430 g∙L⁻¹戊唑醇悬浮剂 430 g∙L⁻¹ tebuconazole SC	澳大利亚拜耳股份公司	400、800、1600、3200、6400
75%肟菌∙戊唑醇水分散粒剂 75% oxime∙tebuconazole WG	山东京博农化科技有限公司	300、600、1200、2400、4800
75%百菌清可湿性粉剂 75% chlorothalonil WP	陕西亿农高科药业有限公司	300、600、1200、2400、4800
30%吡唑醚菌酯悬浮剂 30% pyraclostrobin SC	河南勇冠乔迪农业科技有限公司	1000、2000、3000、4000、5000
80%丙森锌可湿性粉剂 80% propineb WP	江苏利民化学有限责任公司	500、1000、2000、3000、4000
500 g∙L⁻¹异菌脲悬浮剂 500 g∙L⁻¹ iprodione SC	江苏辉丰物业股份有限公司	300、600、1200、2400、4800
25 g∙L⁻¹咯菌腈悬浮种衣剂 25 g∙L⁻¹fludioxonil FS	先正达南通作物保护有限公司	100、200、300、400、500
20%乙蒜素乳油 20% ethylicin EC	南阳新卧龙生物化工有限公司	200、400、800、1600、3200
8%宁南霉素水剂 8% ningnanmycin WA	哈尔滨德强生物股份有限公司	100、200、400、800、1600
6%春雷霉素水剂 6% kasugamycin WA	北京三浦百草绿色植物制剂有限公司	100、200、400、800、1600
6%寡糖∙链蛋白可湿性粉剂 6% oligose catenin WP	河北中保绿农作物科技有限公司	100、200、400、800、1600
0.3%丁子香酚可溶液剂 0.3% eugenol SL	保定市亚达益农农业科技有限公司	100、200、300、400、500
3%中生菌素可湿性粉剂 3% zhongshengmycin WP	河北中保绿农作物科技有限公司	400、800、1200、1600、2000

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表 2 26种杀菌剂对病原菌的毒力测定

Table 2. Toxicity of 26 individual fungicides on C. salicis

供试药剂　　　　　　 Fungicides	毒力回归方程 Regression equation	相关系数 Correlation coefficient	抑制中浓度 EC₅₀/（mg∙L⁻¹）
80%代森锰锌可湿性粉剂 80% mancozeb WP	y=2.22x−1.287 2	0.949 7	679.360
250 g∙L⁻¹丙环唑乳油 250 g∙L⁻¹ propiconazole EC	y=1.104 9x+2.527 1	0.968 8	173.021
15%三唑酮可湿性粉剂15% triadimefon WP	y=1.012 6x+2.951 2	0.992 9	105.487
250 g∙L⁻¹嘧菌酯悬浮剂 250 g∙L⁻¹ azoxystrobin SC	y=0.698 7x+3.860 8	0.997 7	44.844
46%氢氧化铜水分散粒剂 46%copper hydroxide WG	y=0.504 3x+4.316 9	0.975 6	22.615
300 g∙L⁻¹苯甲∙丙环唑乳油 300 g∙L⁻¹ benzoyl propiconazole EC	y=0.389 8x+4.097 4	0.995 2	206.871
80%多菌灵可湿性粉剂 80% carbendazim WP	y=0.657 6x+3.524 2	0.945 1	175.55
70%甲基硫菌灵可湿性粉剂 70% thiophanate-methyl WP	y=0.841 5x+3.306 2	0.985 2	102.96
40%腈菌唑悬浮剂 40% myclobutanil SC	y=0.578 7x+4.022	0.979 6	48.978
50%啶酰菌胺水分散粒剂 50% boscalid WG	y=0.576 8x+3.995 6	0.988 6	55.106
325 g∙L⁻¹苯甲∙嘧菌酯悬浮剂 325 g∙L⁻¹ benzoyl azoxystrobin SC	y=0.701x+4.605 7	0.994 7	3.652
60%唑醚∙代森联水分散粒剂 60% zolyl ether combination WG	y=0.692 8x+4.444	0.998 3	6.347
10%苯醚甲环唑水分散粒剂 10% dioxoconazole WG	y=0.621 8x+5.138	0.991 1	0.600
430 g∙L⁻¹戊唑醇悬浮剂 430 g∙L⁻¹ tebuconazole SC	y=0.691 3x+4.554	0.990 0	4.418
75%肟菌∙戊唑醇水分散粒剂 75% oxime∙tebuconazole WG	y=0.691 4x+4.350 6	0.988 2	8.690
75%百菌清可湿性粉剂 75% chlorothalonil WP	y=0.711 3x+3.674 3	0.958 2	73.097
30%吡唑醚菌酯悬浮剂30% pyraclostrobin SC	y=0.862 4x+3.715 6	0.973 1	30.846
80%丙森锌可湿性粉剂 0% propineb WP	y=1.195 9x+2.309 7	0.996 6	177.664
500 g∙L⁻¹异菌脲悬浮剂 500 g∙L⁻¹ iprodione SC	y=0.657 5x+3.024	0.978 6	1012.512
25 g∙L⁻¹咯菌腈悬浮种衣剂 25 g∙L⁻¹fludioxonil FS	y=0.782 7x+3.838 8	0.935 6	30.451
20%乙蒜素乳油 20% ethylicin EC	y=0.548 5x+3.640 2	0.916 8	301.439
8%宁南霉素水剂 8% ningnanmycin WA	y=0.319 1x+4.375 5	0.980 8	90.615
6%春雷霉素水剂 6% kasugamycin WA	y=0.704 3x+3.452 6	0.998 2	157.389
6%寡糖∙链蛋白可湿性粉剂 6% oligose catenin WP	y=0.615 9x+3.600 4	0.969 9	187.284
0.3%丁子香酚可溶液剂0.3% eugenol SL	y=0.413 7x+4.974 7	0.949 2	1.151
3%中生菌素可湿性粉剂 3% zhongshengmycin WP	y=0.468 3x+4.432 8	0.963 1	16.236

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