Breeding and Growth Characteristics of High-yield, High-quality, Disease-resistant Peanut Puhua 45
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摘要:
目的 培育适应福建地区种植的高产抗病的花生新品种,研究该品种生育特性,推广配套栽培技术,获得高产优质,以提高花生经济与生态效益。 方法 以高产优质花生品种湘花120作为母本,高产抗病花生品种泉花10号为父本进行杂交,杂交后代经多年筛选稳定品系,经品系鉴定和品比试验,参加福建省春花生新品种区域试验,选育出高产优质抗病花生新品种莆花45。 结果 2015–2016 年莆花45参加福建省花生新品种区域试验,荚果产量3787.05 kg·hm−2 ,比对照泉花7号增产9.09%,籽仁产量2559.00 kg·hm−2 ,比对照增产7.69%。粗脂肪含量53.08%,蛋白质含量26.3%,油酸含量47.8%,亚油酸含量31.6%,O/L值为1.51。该品种属珍珠豆型品种,植株紧凑直立,生长势强,中抗青枯病、锈病及叶斑病,于2020 年1月21日通过国家非主要农作物品种登记[GPD(2019)350271]。生育特性研究结果表明,莆花45开花集中,有效花率高,结果数多、结荚性能好,叶面积指数(LAl)较大、净同化率(NAR)高、叶绿素含量高、干物质积累多,各项指标均比对照高。 结论 莆花45表现高产、优质、抗病等优良特性,具有良好生育特性,适宜在福建各地推广种植。 Abstract:Objective A high-yield, high-quality, disease-resistant peanut variety was bred, and its growth characteristics and cultivation in Fujian studied. Method Years of directional selection were carried out by crossing between the high-yield, high-quality peanut Xianghua 120 as female parent and the disease-resistant Quanhua No. 10 as male parent. The final hybrid cultivar obtained was subjected to field trials and the spring peanut regional tests in Fujian. Results In the provincial tests from 2015 to 2016, the newly bred Puhua 45 showed a pod yield of 3 787.05 kg·hm−2 and a kernel yield of 2 559.00 kg·hm−2, which were 9.09% and 7.69% higher, respectively, than those of the reference. Nutritionally, it contained 53.08% crude fat, 26.3% protein, 47.8% oleic acid, 31.6% linoleic acid, and with an O/L ratio of 1.51. Compact in plant type and upright on standing, Puhua 45 grew with vigor and was moderately resistant to bacterial wilt, rust, and leaf spot. It had passed the national non-major crop variety registration[GPA(2019)350271] in January 2021. Its outstanding physiological and agronomical characteristics that were superior to the reference included the more concentrated blooming period and pods per plant, and the higher effective flowering rate, leaf area index, net assimilation rate, chlorophyll content, and dry matter accumulation. Conclusion In addition to high-yield, high-quality, and disease-resistance, Puhua 45 exhibited many desirable properties and should be promoted for peanut cultivation in Fujian. -
Key words:
- Peanut /
- Puhua 45 /
- new variety /
- breeding /
- growth characteristics
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表 1 2015、2016年莆花45参加福建区域试验的产量表现
Table 1. Yield performance of Puhua 45 in Fujian regional trial during 2015-2016
项目
Item荚果产量 Pod yield 籽仁产量 Seed yield 莆花45
Puhua 45/
(kg·hm−2 )泉花7号
Quanhua No.7
(kg·hm−2)增产量
Increased yield/
(kg·hm−2 )增产率
Increasing
rate/%莆花45
Puhua45/
(kg·hm−2)泉花7号
Quanhua No.7
(kg·hm−2)增产量
Increased yield/
(kg·hm−2)增产率
Increasing
rate/%2015年 2015 3547.5 3462.0 85.5 2.47 2464.5 2427.0 37.5 1.55 2016年 2016 4026.6** 3480.9 545.7 15.68 2653.5** 2325.6 327.9 14.10 平均 Average 3787.1* 3471.5 315.6 9.09 2559.0* 2376.3 182.7 7.69 注:*和**分别表示差异达5%和1%显著水平。
Note: * and **represent significance difference at 0.05 and 0.01 level, respectively.表 2 2015–2016年福建区域试验产量丰产性、稳产性
Table 2. Yield and stability of peanut varieties in Fujian regional trial during 2015–2016
年份
Year项目
Item品种
Variety丰产性 High yield parameter 稳定性 Stability parameter 综合评价
Comprehensive
evaluation产量
Yield/(kg·hm−2)效应
Effect方差
Variance变异度
Variability回归系数
bi2015 荚果 Pod 莆花45 Puhua45 3547.5 −0.0198 0.077 5.8643 1.0964 较好 泉花7号 Quanhua No.7 3462.0 −0.1348 0.099 6.8056 1.1862 较好 籽仁 Seed 莆花45 Puhua45 2464.5 0.0366 0.042 6.2094 1.03642 好 泉花7号 Quanhua No.7 2427.0 −0.0151 0.054 7.1797 1.1669 较好 2016 荚果 Pod 莆花45 Puhua45 4026.6 0.6305 0.649 15.0017 1.0754 很好 泉花7号 Quanhua No.7 3480.9 −0.0975 0.013 3.1292 0.9663 好 籽仁 Seed 莆花45 Puhua45 2653.5 0.432 0.227 13.4603 1.0364 好 泉花7号 Quanhua No.7 2325.0 −0.006 0.009 3.1292 0.9397 较好 表 3 莆花45产量及适应性表现
Table 3. Yield and adaptivity of Puhua 45
地点
Location产量
yield/
(kg·hm−2)比泉花7号
Quanhua No.7适应性
Adaptability增产量
Increasing yield/kg增产率
Increasing rate/%莆田 Putian 4620.5 465.2 11.19 适宜 福清 Fuqing 3825.1 300.2 8.51 适宜 惠安 Huian 3345.2 255.3 8.25 适宜 平均 Average 3930.3 340.5 9.49 适宜 表 4 2015–2016年莆花45参加福建区域试验的抗病性和抗逆性表现
Table 4. Resistance to disease and stress of Puhua 45 shown in Fujian regional trial during 2015–2016
项目
Item青枯病抗性
Bacteria wilt叶斑病抗性
Resistance to leaf spot锈病抗性
Resistance to leaf rust抗倒性
Lodging resistance抗旱性
Drought tolerance耐涝性
Waterlogging tolerance2015年 2015 中抗 2.1 1.3 强 强 强 2016年 2016 抗 2.5 1.8 较强 中 中 平均 Average 中抗 2.3 1.6 较强 中上 中上 表 5 开花成针结果情况
Table 5. Mean flower pegging and podding of Puhua 45
品种
Varieties开花量
Number of flowers花后15天内花量
Number of flower
within 15 days有效花率
Valid flowering
rate/%成针数
Number of pegging结果数
Number of podding饱果数
Number of plump pod个数
Number成针率
Pegging
rate/%个数
Number成果率
Podding
rate/%个数
Number饱果率
Plump pod
rate/%莆花45 Puhua45 56.9 40.9 71.9 30.9 54.3 19.4 34.1 13.1 23.0 泉花7号 Quanhua No.7 47.5 32.0 67.4 26.4 55.5 16.2 34.1 11.1 23.3 注:成针率指形成果针的花,饱果率是以开花数为基数。
Note: Effective flowers indicated the flowers that can form pegs;Rate of full puds was based on number of flowers.表 6 干物质的积累与分配
Table 6. Accumulation and distribution of dry matters in Puhua 45
品种
Varieties生育时期
Growth stage各器官干重
Dry weight of different organs/g营养体
Vegetative
organs/g生殖体
Reproductive
organs/g营养体/生殖体
V/R根
Root茎
Stem叶
Leaf果
Fruit总重
Gross weight莆花45
Puhua 45幼苗期 Seedling stage 0.24 0.67 1.14 0.00 2.06 2.06 — — 花针期 Flowering-pegging stage 0.57 5.08 5.95 0.51 12.11 11.60 0.51 22.69 结荚期 Pod setting stage 1.19 9.62 7.87 12.01 30.69 18.68 12.01 1.56 饱果期 Pod filling stage 1.27 11.73 8.71 18.71 40.42 21.71 18.71 1.16 泉花7号
Quanhua No.7幼苗期 Seedling stage 0.22 0.63 1.05 0.00 1.91 1.91 0.00 — 花针期 Flowering-pegging stage 0.41 4.29 4.48 0.43 9.61 9.18 0.43 21.58 结荚期 Pod setting stage 0.88 7.51 6.02 9.11 23.52 14.40 9.11 1.58 饱果期 Pod filling stage 1.11 9.35 7.99 16.64 35.09 18.45 16.64 1.11 -
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