施氮量对直播虾稻抗倒性的影响

温鑫; 许凤英; 宋文杰; 罗嘉润; 刘伟; 卢碧林

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2022.003.003

施氮量对直播虾稻抗倒性的影响

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2022.003.003

长江大学农学院/湿地生态与农业利用教育部工程研究中心/涝渍灾害与湿地农业湖北省重点实验室，湖北　荆州　434025

基金项目: 湖北省重点研发计划项目（2021BBA229）；国家重点研发计划项目（2017YFD030140404）

详细信息

作者简介:
温鑫（1996−），女，硕士研究生，主要从事作物机械化栽培技术研究（E-mail： wenxin850023@163.com）

通讯作者:
卢碧林（1968−），男，教授，主要从事作物机械化栽培技术研究（E-mail：blin9921@sina.com）

中图分类号: S 511
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-10-04
- 修回日期: 2021-12-23
- 网络出版日期: 2022-04-24
- 刊出日期: 2022-03-31

Effects of Nitrogen Fertilization on Lodging Resistance of Directly Seeded Rice Plants in Crayfish-Rice

College of Agriculture, Yangtze University/Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education/Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Waterlogged Disasters and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Jingzhou, Hubei　434025, China

摘要

摘要: 目的虾稻模式是湖北省乃至南方稻区农业生产的重要模式，倒伏是影响这一模式水稻产量的主要因素之一，研究直播虾稻适宜施氮量可为其合理施肥提供理论依据。方法在虾稻连作模式下，采用典型虾稻品种玉针香、黄华占和鄂丰丝苗为试验材料，以不施肥为对照，设置3个施氮水平（120、150、180 kg·hm⁻²）的裂区试验，探讨施氮量对直播虾稻抗倒伏能力的影响。结果 3个虾稻品种主茎倒5、倒4节的节间长度、株高及重心高度、弯曲力矩及倒4节间大小维管束数目随施氮量增加而增加，折断弯矩、大小维管束面积及茎壁厚度随施氮量增加呈先升后降趋势，倒伏指数随施氮量增加呈先降后升趋势。结论施氮量在不同虾稻品种的抗倒性存在差异，玉针香适宜施氮量为120 kg·hm⁻²，鄂丰丝苗适宜施氮量为120～150 kg·hm⁻²，黄华占适宜施氮量为150 kg·hm⁻²。
- 施氮量 /
- 虾稻 /
- 倒伏 /
- 直播 /
- 倒伏指数
Abstract: Objective Crayfish- rice mode is the important mode for agriculture production in Hubei and even southern China. Lodging is one of the main factors that affect the yield of rice. The study on the suitable nitrogen application rate of direct seeding shrimp rice can provide a theoretical basis for its rational fertilization. Method Under the continuous cropping mode of crayfish-rice, using typical crayfish-rice varieties Yuzhenxiang, Huanghuazhan and Efengsimiao as experimental materials and no fertilization as control（CK）, a split plot experiment was set up at three nitrogen application levels (120, 150 and 180 kg · hm ^{− 2}) to explore the effect of nitrogen application rate on the lodging resistance of direct seeding crayfish-rice. Result With increasing N application, the internode length, plant height, and gravity center height, bending momen of the 4^th and 5^th internode from the top, and big and small vascular bundles number of the 4^th internode from the top of the rice plants increased, while the breaking momente, big and small vascular bundles area, and culm wall thickness increased initially followed by a decline, and the lodging index decreased at first and then rose. Conclusion The lodging resistance of the crayfish-rice cultivated rice plants in response to different N fertilizations varied among the 3 varieties. The optimal N application rate for Yuzhenxiang was 120 kg·hm⁻², for Efengsimiao 120-150 kg·hm⁻², and for Huanghuazhan 150 kg·hm⁻².
- Nitrogen fertilizer application rate /
- crayfish-rice /
- lodging /
- direct seeding /
- lodging index

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图 1 不同施氮水平下虾稻主茎倒4节间倒伏指数

注：图中小写字母表示差异显著（P<0.05），大写字母表示差异极显著（P <0.01）。图2同。

Figure 1. Lodging index of the 4^th internode from the top of rice plant in crayfish-rice cocultivation fertilized with different N application levels

Note: small letters indicate significant difference (P <0.05), and capital letters indicate very significant difference (P < 0.01). The same as Fig.2.

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图 2 不同施氮水平下虾稻主茎倒5节间倒伏指数

Figure 2. Lodging index of the 5^th internode from the top of rice plant in crayfish-rice cocultivation fertilized with different N application levels

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图 3 不同施氮水平下虾稻主茎倒4、5节间的剖面结构

注：图中字母Y表示玉针香，H表示黄华占，E表示鄂丰丝苗，N0、N1、N2、N3分别表示施氮水平，左图为倒4节间剖面结构，右图为倒5节间剖面结构。

Figure 3. Anatomical structures of the 4^th and 5^th internode from the top on main stem of rice plant in crayfish-rice cocultivation fertilized with different N application levels

Note: the letter Y represents Yuzhenxiang, H represents Huanghuazhan, E represents Efengsimiao, N0, N1, N2 and N3 respectively represent the nitrogen application level, and the figure on the left shows the section structure of the 4^th internode from the top and the section structure of the 5^thinternode from the top.

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表 1 不同施氮水平下虾稻的主茎形态

Table 1. Morphology of main stem on rice plant in crayfish-rice cocultivation fertilized with different N application levels

品种 Varieties	氮处理 Nitrogen treatment	株高 Plant height/cm	重心高度 Height of gravity/cm		节间长度 Internode length/cm
品种 Varieties	氮处理 Nitrogen treatment	株高 Plant height/cm	齐穗后第19天 The 19^th day after heading	齐穗后第26天 The 26^th day after heading	倒4节 The 4^th internode from the top	倒5节 The 5^thinternode from the top
玉针香 Yuzhenxiang	N0	135.92±2.74d	54.79±3.01b	56.17±2.98c	13.63±1.16c	5.66±1.48c
	N1	138.28±4.07c	56.03±2.30b	57.39±1.78bc	15.46±1.90b	7.24±1.50b
	N2	140.97±6.58b	56.36±4.43b	57.54±1.58b	17.42±1.93a	7.82±2.30b
	N3	146.35±4.80a	60.85±7.14a	61.85±4.19a	17.54±3.55a	9.27±1.98a
	均值 Average	140.38Aa	57.01Aa	58.24 Aa	16.01Aa	7.50Aa
黄华占 Huanghuazhan	N0	103.00±3.53b	44.11±3.18a	45.70±1.30a	9.80±1.14b	4.46±1.79a
	N1	105.31±5.96b	45.81±3.47a	45.87±1.64a	10.73±1.20ab	4.57±1.91a
	N2	106.11±5.20ab	46.10±4.14a	46.47±1.71a	11.13±1.01ab	4.70±3.28a
	N3	108.66±4.37a	46.66±2.28a	47.45±1.77a	11.87±2.43a	5.26±1.63a
	均值 Average	105.77Cc	45.67Cc	46.37Cc	10.88Bb	4.75Bb
鄂丰丝苗 Efengsimiao	N0	116.63±5.04c	45.40±2.55b	46.14±2.60c	8.32±1.30b	3.81±0.94b
	N1	118.87±3.40bc	47.79±3.01ab	48.58±2.35b	8.99±1.77ab	4.61±1.41ab
	N2	121.50±4.24ab	48.71±2.43a	51.23±2.29a	9.58±1.68ab	5.11±1.17ab
	N3	124.23±5.49a	50.95±3.44a	52.51±2.03a	10.05±1.64a	5.48±1.21a
	均值Average	120.31Bb	48.21Bb	49.08Bb	9.24Cc	4.75Bb
方差分析 Variance analysis	N	**	**	**	**	**
	V	**	**	**	**	**
	N*V	ns	ns	**	ns	ns
注：表中小写字母和表示不同施氮处理或品种间差异显著（P＜0.05），大写字母和表示差异极显著（P＜0.01），N表示施氮处理，V表示品种。表2、3同。 Note: Small letters and in the table indicate significant difference (P＜0.05), capital letters and * * indicate extremely significant difference (P ＜ 0.01), N indicates nitrogen application treatment, and V indicates variety. The same as Fig.2,3.

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表 2 不同施氮水平下虾稻主茎倒4、倒5节间的力学性状

Table 2. Mechanical properties of the 4^th and 5^th internode from the top on main stem of rice plant in crayfish-rice cocultivation fertilized with different N application levels

品种 Varieties	氮处理 Nitrogen treatment	折断弯矩 Breaking moment/(g·cm)				弯曲力矩 Bending moment/(g·cm)
		齐穗后19天 The 19^thday after heading		齐穗后26天 The 26^th day after heading		齐穗后19天 The 19^th day after heading		齐穗后26天 The 26^th day after heading
		倒4节 The 4^th internode from the top	倒5节 The 5^th internode from the tope top	倒4节 The 4^th internode from the top	倒5节 The 5^th internode from the top	倒4节 The 4^th internode from the top	倒5节 The 5^th internode from the top	倒4节 The 4^th internode from the top	倒5节 The 5^th internode from the top
玉针香 Yuzhenxiang	N0	823±186b	1028±153b	837±90b	986±116c	1125±95c	1350±106d	1243±105b	1528±128c
	N1	908±322b	1169±192b	874±68ab	1128±110b	1153±98c	1398±84 c	1289±102b	1573±117c
	N2	1273±196a	1651±309a	975±120a	1314±422a	1225±105b	1519±110b	1346±123a	1688±148b
	N3	852±256b	1098±293b	748±60c	1049±85bc	1411±88 a	1754±107a	1410±105a	1788±142a
	均值 Average	964Bb	1237Cc	859Bb	1119Cc	1228Bb	1505Ab	1322Ab	1644Aa
黄华占 Huanghuazhan	N0	818±176b	1242±351c	661±86c	991±78c	652±76c	794±73c	683±106c	817±121c
	N1	991±168ab	1486±241b	914±81b	1377±103b	708±56b	853±45b	732±121bc	874±105bc
	N2	1083±139a	1992±327a	1093142a	1611±122a	760±88b	912±92b	772±70b	931±82b
	N3	936±154ab	1673±394b	833±197b	1394±101b	853±45a	1083±55a	890±53a	1100±84a
	均值 Average	956Bb	1598Bb	875Bb	1343Bb	743Cc	910Bc	770Bc	930Bb
鄂丰丝苗 Efengsimiao	N0	1271±296b	1733±191 b	1314±252b	1357±134c	1152±75d	1399±81c	1187±94c	1435±78c
	N1	1657±332a	2030±266a	1512±156a	1757±100a	1222±117c	1431±90c	1307±94b	1567±84b
	N2	1616±452a	1791±333ab	1345±192b	1567±154b	1328±73b	1588±109b	1499±142a	1757±104a
	N3	1354±307b	1648±500b	1239±246b	1352±136c	1572±116a	1771±126a	1542±126a	1811±97a
	均值 Average	1475Aa	1801Aa	1353Aa	1508Aa	1318Aa	1547Aa	1384Aa	1643Aa
方差分析 Variance analysis	N	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**
	V	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**
	N*V	ns	**	**	**	**	ns	*	ns

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表 3 不同施氮水平下虾稻主茎倒4、倒5节间的结构特征

Table 3. Anatomical structures of the 4^th and 5^thinternode from the top on main stem of rice plant in crayfish-rice cocultivation fertilized with different N application levels

品种 Varieties	氮处理 Nitrogen treatment	大维管束数目 Big vascular bundles		小维管束数目 Small vascular bundles		大维管束面积 Big vascular bundles area/（×10⁻³mm²）		小维管束面积 Small vascular bundles area/（×10⁻³mm²）		茎壁厚度 Culm wall thickness/（×10⁻²mm）
品种 Varieties	氮处理 Nitrogen treatment	倒4节 The 4^th internode from the top	倒5节 The 5^th internode from the top	倒4节 The 4^th internode from the top	倒5节 The 5^th internode from the top	倒4节 The 4^th internode from the top	倒5节 The 5^th internode from the top	倒4节 The 4^th internode from the top	倒5节 The 5^th internode from the top	倒4节 The 4^th internode from the top	倒5节 The 5^th internode from the top
玉针香 Yuzhenxiang	N0	29.33±1.53a	28.67±1.53b	27.67±3.06a	29.33±1.53a	11.46±1.66b	10.66±1.71c	4.29±0.64a	5.01±1.09a	28.60±0.46b	30.90±0.85b
	N1	29.67±0.58a	31.33±0.58a	28.33±0.58a	29.33±4.16a	11.63±1.69b	13.06±0.56b	4.95±0.34a	5.76±0.61a	34.27±0.86a	35.43±0.47a
	N2	30.33±0.58a	31.67±3.21a	28.67±1.15a	30.67±0.58a	14.54±1.98a	17.60±1.19a	4.20±1.41a	5.81±1.04a	35.23±0.51a	35.97±0.93a
	N3	30.67±0.58a	30.00±1.00ab	29.00±1.00a	28.67±0.58a	11.76±1.29b	13.59±0.47b	4.22±0.88a	5.18±0.60a	34.53±0.61a	36.50±0.50a
	均值 Average	30.00Ab	30.42ABb	28.42Aab	29.50Aa	12.35Aa	13.73Cc	4.42Aa	5.44Aa	33.16Bb	34.70Cc
黄华占 Huanghuazhan	N0	27.67±1.15b	27.33±2.08b	25.67±1.53b	24.33±1.15c	10.80±1.83b	12.22±0.33b	3.93±0.65b	5.21±0.74a	28.77±0.32c	33.03±0.90d
	N1	29.33±1.53a	31.00±1.00a	26.00±2.00b	30.67±2.08a	11.17±1.46b	20.73±2.01a	4.61±0.41ab	6.04±0.94a	30.40±0.66b	45.77±0.45b
	N2	30.33±2.08a	28.33±1.15ab	27.33±1.15ab	27.67±0.58ab	16.32±2.10a	18.59±1.42a	5.43±0.87a	5.12±0.80a	37.00±1.32a	48.30±0.61a
	N3	31.33±0.58a	27.00±2.00 b	29.67±2.89 a	26.67±2.08 b	15.61±1.79a	13.56±2.71b	4.96±0.32ab	5.08±1.07a	31.50±0.92b	38.67±1.48c
	均值 Average	29.67 Ab	28.42 Bc	27.17 Ab	27.34 Ab	13.48Aa	16.28Bb	4.74Aa	5.36Aa	31.92Cc	41.44Bb
鄂丰丝苗 Efengsimiao	N0	31.00±2.00b	31.67±1.53a	29.00±1.00b	28.00±1.00a	10.21±0.15b	11.54±2.17c	2.41±0.36b	3.28±0.20c	36.03±0.40d	43.83±1.08d
	N1	31.67±3.21b	32.67±4.04a	29.67±2.08ab	28.33±2.31a	15.53±0.66a	22.88±1.51a	5.66±0.88a	7.20±0.67a	55.03±0.64a	85.47±0.55a
	N2	32.33±0.58ab	33.00±1.00a	30.00±1.00ab	29.67±2.31a	15.21±2.37a	21.31±2.79ab	5.60±0.46a	5.61±0.74b	45.27±0.67c	55.93±0.50c
	N3	34.33±0.58a	33.67±1.53a	31.33±1.15a	30.67±1.15a	14.49±1.58a	19.67±1.88b	5.56±1.59a	5.14±0.27b	50.03±0.16b	66.27±1.85b
	均值 Average	32.33 Aa	32.75 Aa	30.00 Aa	29.17 Aab	13.86Aa	18.85Aa	4.81Aa	5.31Aa	46.59Aa	62.88Aa
方差分析 Variance analysis	N	*	ns	*	ns	ns	**	ns	ns	**	**
	V	**	**	ns	ns	**	**	**	*	**	**
	N*V	ns	ns	ns	ns	*	**	*	**	**	**

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表 4 主茎形态、力学性状及剖面结构与倒伏指数的相关性分析

Table 4. Correlations between morphology, mechanical properties, cross-sectional structure, and lodging index of rice plant main stem

	倒伏指数 Lodging index	齐穗后第19天 The 19^th day after heading		齐穗后第26天 The 26^th day after heading
	倒伏指数 Lodging index	倒4节 The 4^th internode from the top	倒5节 The 5^th internode from the top	倒4节 The 4^th internode from the top	倒5节 The 5^th internode from the top
形态性状 Morphological characters	重心高度 Height of gravity/cm	0.82**	0.88**	0.88**	0.94**
	株高 Plant height/cm	0.86**	0.89**	0.38	0.60*
	节间长度 Internode length/cm	0.67*	0.76**	0.79**	0.76**
力学性状 Mechanical properties	折断弯矩 Breaking moment/（g·cm）	−0.41	−0.68**	−0.45	−0.56*
力学性状 Mechanical properties	弯曲力矩 Bending moment/（g·cm）	0.58*	0.74**	0.59*	0.82**
注：表示差异显著（P＜0.05）, 表示差异极显著（P＜0.01）。 Note: indicates significant difference (P＜0.05), and * * indicates extremely significant difference (P＜0.01).

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