不同生境氮硫互作对香稻产量及肥料利用率的影响

阳树英; 陈南利; 胡芳芳; 杨振治; 何宇; 陆际冲

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2022.003.001

不同生境氮硫互作对香稻产量及肥料利用率的影响

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2022.003.001

湖南农业大学资源环境学院，湖南　长沙　410128

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金面上项目（31471446）

详细信息

作者简介:
阳树英（1972−），女，副教授，主要从事香稻生理生态研究（E-mail：ysyalxh@126.com）

中图分类号: S 511
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-09-20
- 修回日期: 2021-12-15
- 网络出版日期: 2022-03-21
- 刊出日期: 2022-03-31

Effects of N×S Interactions on Yield and Fertilizer Utilization of Fragrant Rice Grown at Different Habitats

College of Resources & Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China

摘要

摘要: 目的选配不同生境适用的可提高香稻产量及肥料利用率的理想氮硫互作组合。方法 2018年在广东江门（生境1）和湖南辰溪（生境2）等2个生境中，采用田间试验裂区设计，主区为氮肥、硫肥配施水平，副区为不同香稻品种；施肥水平有3个，氮肥分别为0（N₁）、90（N₂）和180 （N₃）kg·hm⁻²，硫肥分别为0（S₁）、45（S₂）、90（S₃）kg·hm⁻²，氮肥、硫肥水平两两组合，共有N₁S₁（对照）、N₁S₂、N₁S₃、N₂S₁、N₂S₂、N₂S₃、N₃S₁、N₃S₂、N₃S₃等 9个处理组合，每个处理设3个重复，合计27个小区，随机分布。副区品种选用优质香稻品种湘晚籼13号和湘晚籼17号。结果（1）生境2（湖南辰溪）水稻生长发育期间的气温日较差大、夜间温度较低，水稻生育期长、红壤水稻土保水保肥的能力高，使其有效穗数、每穗总粒数及香稻产量极显著高于广东江门（生境1），但结实率极显著低于生境1（P＜0.01）。（2）氮硫互作处理N₃S₃、N₃S₂、N₂S₂、N₂S₁、N₂S₃、N₃S₁均极显著增加了香稻的产量；N₃S₂、N₂S₂、N₂S₁、N₂S₃、N₃S₁极显著增加了单位面积有效穗数、结实率和千粒重，但极显著降低了每穗总粒数（每穗颖花数）（P＜0.01）。（3）生境1的N₂S₃极显著增加了水稻湘晚籼13号的产量和氮肥利用率。生境2的N₃S₂处理极显著增加了湘晚籼17号的产量和硫肥利用率、氮肥利用率，其产量N₃S₂＞N₃S₃＞N₂S₁＞N₂S₂＞N₃S₁＞N₂S₃，均极显著大于湘晚籼13号的各氮硫互作处理（P＜0.01）。（4）生境1的湘晚籼13号的氮肥利用率随施硫量的增加呈先增加后降低的抛物线趋势，高硫（N₂S₃和N₃S₃处理）均显著降低了氮肥利用率；其硫肥利用率在S₂的施肥条件下随施氮水平的增加极显著增加，N₃S₂最高达24.44 kg·kg⁻¹。湘晚籼17号在N₂施氮水平时氮肥利用率随施硫量的增加而增加，在高氮条件增施高硫（N₃S₃）能显著提高其氮肥利用率；其硫肥利用率随施氮量的增加呈先增加后减少的抛物线型，最高的N₂S₃处理达4.85 kg·kg⁻¹。（5）生境2的湘晚籼13号氮肥利用率均随施硫量的增加而增加；而硫肥利用率最高的是N₂S₂处理，为19.11 kg·kg⁻¹。湘晚籼17号氮肥利用率随着施硫水平的增加而显著降低；其硫肥利用率也在高氮条件下随施硫量的增加而降低；其中最高的是N₃S₂处理，达69.27 kg·kg⁻¹，其次是N₃S₃处理。结论生境、氮硫互作处理及品种均不同程度地影响了香稻产量和产量构成指数及肥料利用率；N₂S₃极显著增加了水稻湘晚籼13号的产量和氮肥利用率。湖南辰溪的N₃S₂处理极显著增加了湘晚籼17号的产量和硫肥利用率、氮肥利用率。
- 生境 /
- 氮硫互作 /
- 香稻 /
- 产量 /
- 肥料利用率
Abstract: Objective To optimize N×S interactions at differentiated habitats for maximal yield and fertilizer use efficiency of fragrant rice. Methods A split-plot experiment was conducted in 2018 at two typically different fragrant rice production areas, Habit 1 at Jiangmen, Guangdong and Habit 2 at Chenxi, Hunan. The main lots were designed for varied applications of N and S, while the sublots for planting of two cultivars of high-quality fragrant rice. The N application rates included 0 (N₁), 90 kg·hm⁻² (N₂), and 180 kg·hm⁻² (N₃), and the S at 0 (S₁), 45 kg·hm⁻² (S₂), and 90 kg·hm⁻² (S₃). A total of 9 treatments of combined N×S applications, i.e., N₁S₁ (control), N₁S₂, N₁S₃, N₂S₁, N₂S₂, N₂S₃, N₃S₁, N₃S₂, and N₃S₃, with 3 replicates on the randomly distributed sublots were implemented. Results (1) Because Habit 2 had a wider range of daily temperatures, cooler night temperature, longer growing period for the rice, and greater ability of the red paddy soil to retain water and fertilizer than Habit 1, the rice grown on Habit 2 had significant higher yield, number of productive spikes, and total grain number per panicle (P＜0.01). (2) N₃S₃, N₃S₂, N₂S₂, N₂S₁, N₂S₃, and N₃S₁ significantly increased the rice yield and N₃S₂, N₂S₂, N₂S₁, N₂S₃, and N₃S₁ significantly raised the number of productive ears per unit area, seed setting rate, and 1 000-grain weight of the rice but significantly reduced the total grain number per panicle (P＜0.01). (3) At Habit 1, N₂S₃ significantly increased the yield and N use efficiency of the rice variety, Xiangwanxian No.13. At Habitat 2, the yield and N and S use efficiency of Xiangwanxian No.17 were significantly increased by N₃S₂ with the increases ranking as N₃S₂＞N₃S₃＞N₂S₁＞N₂S₂＞N₃S₁＞N₂S₃ (P＜0.01), which were significantly higher than those for Xiangwanxian No.13. (4) The N use efficiency of Xiangwanxian No.13 at Habit 1 increased and then decreased parabolically with increasing S. The S use efficiency of rice plants reached a peak of 24.44 kg·kg⁻¹ under N₃S₂ and declined at a high S application level, such as N₂S₃ and N₃S₃. On the other hand, the N use efficiency of Xiangwanxian No.17 in Habit 1 increased with increasing S under N₂, but so did N₃S₃. On the S use efficiency of the rice plants, the parabolic effect of N was also observed with N₂S₃ yielding the maximum at 4.85 kg·kg⁻¹. (5) The N utilization by Xiangwanxian No.13 at Habit 2 improved with S application, but the S use efficiency peaked at 19.11 kg·kg⁻¹ under N₂S₂. Whereas Xiangwanxian No.17 showed a decreased N use efficiency upon increasing S, as well as the S use efficiency decreased from 69.27 kg·kg⁻¹ under N₃S₂ to that under N₃S₃. Conclusion To varying degrees habitat, cultivar, and N×S interaction all affected the yield, yield components as well as the N and S use efficiency of the fragrant rice. N₂S₃ significantly increased the yield and N use efficiency of Xiangwanxian No.13, and N₃S₂ of Xiangwanxian No.17.
- Habit /
- N×S interactions /
- fragrant rice /
- actual yield /
- fertilizer use efficiency

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图 1 不同氮硫互作处理间香稻产量的比较

注：图中不同大、小写字母分别差异极显著（P＜0.01）或差异显著（P＜0.05）。图2同。

Figure 1. Yield of fragrant rice under varied treatments

Note：Different uppercase and lowercase letters after the data indicate extremely significant (P＜0.01) or significant (P＜0.05) differences. The same as Fig.2.

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图 2 不同氮硫互作处理间香稻产量构成指数的比较

Figure 2. Yield components of fragrant rice under varied treatments

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图 3 不同生境不同品种不同氮硫互作处理的氮肥利用率

Figure 3. N use efficiency of fragrant rice under varied treatments

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图 4 不同生境不同品种不同氮硫互作处理硫肥利用率的比较

Figure 4. S use efficiency of fragrant rice under varied treatments

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表 1 2个不同生境水稻灌浆期气候数据的比较

Table 1. Ecological and meteorological data on Habitat 1 and 2 in filling stage of fragrant rice

地点 Location	海拔 Altitude/m	经度 Longitude	纬度 Latitude	气候类型 Climate type	日平均温度 Daily mean temperature/℃	年日照时数 Hours of sunshine per year/h	年降雨量 Annual rainfall/ mm	相对湿度 Relative humidity/%
广东江门（生境1） Jiangmen,Guangdong(Habit 1)	10	112°18′～113°03′	21°34′～22°27′	南亚热带海洋气候	22.8～32.2	2132	1800～2700	76.5
湖南怀化（生境2） Huaihua, Hunan(Habit 2)	140	110°10′～110°20′	27°58′～29°38′	亚热带季风性气候	17.6～22.9	1510	1328～1800	79
注：数据为当地气象局2018年的气象资料。 Note: The data are provided by the local meteorological bureau from 2018.

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表 2 2个试验点香稻生育期气候资料的比较

Table 2. Ecological and meteorological data on Habitat 1 and 2 in entire growth period of fragrant rice

地点 Location	月份 Month	平均气温 Average temperature/℃	日最高气温 Maximum temperature/℃	日最低气温 Minimum temperature/℃	气温日较差 Temperature range/℃	平均水气压 Average water pressure/hPa	平均相对湿度 Average relative humidity/%	日平均风速 Mean wind speed/ （m·s^-1）	日照时数 Hours of sunshine/h
生境1 Habit 1	5月	26.14	29.64	23.64	6.00	28.27	84.03	1.75	3.50
	6月	29.01	32.63	26.52	6.11	36.93	85.47	1.92	6.09
	7月	28.36	32.13	25.91	6.22	32.99	86.65	1.69	5.65
	8月	29.15	36.16	26.23	6.93	36.40	83.81	1.97	6.35
	9月	29.10	36.13	26.42	6.71	32.76	82.43	1.55	5.40
	10月	25.04	28.51	22.36	6.15	23.89	74.16	2.63	6.00
	11月	20.71	23.95	18.35	5.59	18.95	76.93	2.71	2.50
生境2 Habit 2	5月	22.54	28.32	18.65	9.66	20.16	75.22	1.29	5.98
	6月	24.06	28.01	21.63	6.38	26.15	88.24	1.23	2.66
	7月	30.01	35.29	25.88	9.41	29.76	72.07	1.47	9.24
	8月	29.23	34.02	25.98	8.04	30.97	78.12	1.76	7.77
	9月	24.46	29.21	22.19	7.02	27.13	89.24	1.43	4.00
	10月	17.99	21.71	15.61	6.10	18.95	91.23	1.80	2.58
	11月	12.97	16.96	10.30	6.67	12.66	84.54	1.26	2.36
注：数据为当地气象局2018年和2019年的气象资料。广东江门的香稻抽穗扬花期在9~10月；湖南辰溪的香稻抽穗扬花期在7~8月。 Note: The data are provided by the local meteorological bureau from 2018 to 2019. Flowering period of aromatic rice in Habit 1 was from September to October, and in Habit 2 was from July to August.

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表 3 2个不同生境的土壤性质

Table 3. Properties of soils of Habitat 1 and 2

生境 Location	pH值 pH value	有机质 Organic matter/ (g·kg⁻¹)	全氮 Total nitrogen/ (g·kg⁻¹)	碱解氮 Alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen/ (mg·kg⁻¹)	速效磷 Available phosphorus/ (mg·kg⁻¹)	速效钾 Available potassium/ (mg·kg⁻¹)	C/N	有效硫 Available surfur/ (mg·kg⁻¹)
生境1 Habit 1	6.0～6.5	27.9	1.46	95.8	10	58	12	13.0
生境2 Habit 2	6.0～6.3	26.0	1.04	88.2	3.1	108	10	38.2

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表 4 不同生境对香稻产量及产量构成因素的影响

Table 4. Effects of Habitat 1 and 2 on yield and yield components of fragrant rice

生境 Location	产量 Yield/(t·hm⁻²)	有效穗数 Number of effective panicles/ （×10⁴·hm⁻²)	每穗总粒数 Total grains per panicle/粒	结实率 Seed setting rate/%	千粒重 1 000-grain weight/g
生境1 Habit 1	5.81±0.56 Bb	351.42±37.00 Bb	146.9±15.30 Bb	72.70±7.46 Aa	24.80±1.46 Aa
生境2 Habit 2	9.55±1.08 Aa	355.85±54.35 Aa	173±40.70 Aa	67.95±5.6 Bb	24.90±1.66 Aa
注：同列数据后不同大小写字母分别表示不同生境间差异极显著（P＜0.01）或差异显著（P＜0.05）。 Note：Different uppercase and lowercase letters after the data in the same column indicate extremely significant (P＜0.01) or significant (P＜0.05) differences among different habitats.

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表 5 生境×氮硫互作×品种对香稻产量的影响比较

Table 5. Comparison of habitat×treatment×cultivar interactions on rice yield

生境1 Habit 1					生境2 Habit 2
处理 Treatment	品种 Cultivar	产量 Yield/（t·hm⁻²）	产量的LSD多重比较 LSD multiple comparision		处理 Treatment	品种 Cultivar	产量 Yield/（t·hm⁻²）	产量的LSD多重比较 LSD multiple comparision
处理 Treatment	品种 Cultivar	产量 Yield/（t·hm⁻²）	P＜0.05	P＜0.01	处理 Treatment	品种 Cultivar	产量 Yield/（t·hm⁻²）	P＜0.05	P＜0.01
N₃S₂	湘晚籼13号	6.69±0.115	a	A	N₃S₂	湘晚籼17号	13.52±0.271	a	A
N₂S₂	湘晚籼13号	6.44±0.046	b	B	N₃S₃	湘晚籼17号	12.63±0.276	b	B
N₃S₃	湘晚籼17号	6.37±0.087	b	BC	N₂S₁	湘晚籼17号	11.66±0.241	c	C
N₃S₃	湘晚籼13号	6.32±0.135	bc	BCD	N₂S₂	湘晚籼17号	11.16±0.089	d	C
N₂S₁	湘晚籼13号	6.23±0.025	cd	CDE	N₃S₁	湘晚籼17号	10.40±0.334	e	D
N₂S₃	湘晚籼17号	6.14±0.055	de	DE	N₂S₃	湘晚籼17号	10.08±0.200	ef	DE
N₃S1	湘晚籼17号	6.06±0.040	e	E	N₂S₃	湘晚籼13号	10.02±0.193	f	DE
N₁S₃	湘晚籼13号	5.83±0.118	f	F	N₂S₂	湘晚籼13号	9.62±0.439	g	EF
N₂S₂	湘晚籼17号	5.83±0.132	f	F	N₃S₃	湘晚籼13号	9.44±0.099	gh	F
N₁S₁	湘晚籼13号	5.71±0.0.36	f	FG	N₁S₂	湘晚籼17号	9.36±0.146	gh	F
N₂S₁	湘晚籼17号	5.70±0.08	fg	FG	N₁S₃	湘晚籼17号	9.13±0.108	h	FG
N₂S₃	湘晚籼13号	5.75±0.083	fg	FG	N₂S₁	湘晚籼13号	8.76±0.225	i	G
N₃S₁	湘晚籼13号	5.59±0.102	g	G	N₁S₁	湘晚籼17号	8.72±0.140	i	G
N₃S₂	湘晚籼17号	5.61±0.051	g	G	N₃S₂	湘晚籼13号	8.22±0.091	i	H
N₁S₁	湘晚籼17号	5.18±0.025	h	H	N₃S₁	湘晚籼13号	8.17±0.146	i	H
N₁S₂	湘晚籼13号	5.06±0.04	hi	HI	N₁S₁	湘晚籼13号	7.28±0.105	k	I
N₁S₃	湘晚籼17号	5.02±0.025	i	HI	N₁S₂	湘晚籼13号	7.12±0.106	k	I
N₁S₂	湘晚籼17号	4.98±0.076	i	I	N₁S₃	湘晚籼13号	6.55±0.191	l	J
注：同列数据后不同大、小写字母分别表示不同处理间差异极显著（P＜0.01）或差异显著（P＜0.05）。 Note：Different uppercase and lowercase letters after the data in the same column indicate extremely significant (P＜0.01) or significant (P＜0.05) differences among different treatments.

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