薏苡叶斑病病原菌生物学特性及防治药剂毒力评估

侯翔宇; 黄世勇; 姚锦爱; 谢世勇; 黄建成

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2021.12.010

薏苡叶斑病病原菌生物学特性及防治药剂毒力评估

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2021.12.010

1.
福建省作物有害生物监测与治理重点实验室/福建省农业科学院植物保护研究所，福建　福州　350013
2.
武夷山市种子站，福建　武夷山　354300

基金项目: 福建省科技计划公益类专项（2018R1025-5）；福建省农业科学院项目（CXTD2021016）；植物病虫害生物学国家重点实验室项目（SKLOF202125）；福建省农业高质量发展超越“5511”创新工程项目（XTCXGC2021011、XTCXGC2021017）

详细信息

作者简介:
侯翔宇（1992−），男，硕士，研究实习员，研究方向：植物病理学（E-mail：306327862@qq.com）

通讯作者:
黄建成（1964−），男，研究员，研究方向：作物栽培及病虫害绿色防控（E-mail: 978432655@qq.com）

中图分类号: S 436
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-10-26
- 修回日期: 2021-12-16
- 网络出版日期: 2021-12-30
- 刊出日期: 2021-12-28

Biological Properties and Fungicide Toxicity on Pathogen of Coix Leaf Spot

1.
Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests/Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian　350013, China
2.
Seed Station of Wuyishan City, Wuyishan, Fujian　354300, China

摘要

摘要: 目的明确薏苡叶斑病病原菌生物学特性，评估3类防治药剂对薏苡叶斑病病原菌的防控潜力。方法测量薏苡叶斑病病原菌在不同温度、pH、光照条件及碳氮源等培养条件下的菌落直径，测定氯氟醚菌唑、吡唑醚菌酯、咯菌腈等防治药剂的毒力及评估它们二元复配剂的联合作用效果。结果薏苡叶斑病病原菌菌丝生长最适温度为25 ℃，pH为8，最适碳氮源分别为淀粉和蛋白胨，光照对生长的影响不显著；氯氟醚菌唑、吡唑醚菌酯、咯菌腈等3种杀菌剂对薏苡叶斑病病原菌均有很好的抑制作用，毒力指数分别为多菌灵对照的234.83、97.84、84.97倍，它们二元复配剂只有氯氟醚菌唑与吡唑醚菌酯复配有增效作用，配比5∶5时共毒系数达221.85。结论温度、pH、碳氮源能显著影响薏苡叶斑病病原菌生长，氯氟醚菌唑、吡唑醚菌酯、咯菌腈等防治药剂对薏苡叶斑病有较好的防控潜力，但它们之间的混用应加以评估。
- 薏苡叶斑病 /
- 生物学特性 /
- 防治药剂 /
- 毒力评估
Abstract: Objective Biological properties of Curvularia coicis Castellani, which causes coix leaf spot (CLS) on Chinese pearl barley, and the control efficacy of 3 fungicides on the disease were studied. Method Effects of temperature, pH, light, and carbon and nitrogen sources on the mycelial growth of the pathogen as well as the toxicity of mefentrifluconazole, pyraclostrobin, fludioxonil, and their binary compounds toward the pathogen were determined. Result The optimum conditions for the mycelial growth of C. coicis were found to be 25 ℃, pH 8, starch for carbon, and peptone for nitrogen with no specific preference for light exposure. All 3 tested fungicides exhibited inhibitory effects on the pathogenic growth as indicated by the toxicity indices of mefentrifluconazole at 234.83-fold, pyraclostrobin at 97.84-fold, and fludioxonil at 84.97-fold of that of carbendazim. In combination of the agents, only mefentrifluconazole and pyraclostrobin were shown synergistic in the antifungal efficacy with the best mixing ratio of 5∶5 with a toxicity index of 221.85. Conclusion Temperature, pH, and carbon and nitrogen sources significantly affected C. coicis growth. Mefentrifluconazole, pyraclostrobin, and fludioxonil were strongly antifungal against the pathogen. But application of combinations of these agents require further evaluation.
- Coix leaf spot /
- biological characteristics /
- fungicides /
- toxicity assessment

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图 1 不同温度对病原菌菌丝生长的影响

注：不同小写字母表示0.05水平上的差异极显著。下同。

Figure 1. Effect of temperature on C. coicis mycelial growth

Note: Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference at 0.05 level. The same as below

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图 2 不同pH对病原菌菌丝生长的影响

Figure 2. Effect of pH on C. coicis mycelial growth

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表 1 光照条件对病原菌菌丝生长的影响

Table 1. Effect of light exposure on C. coicis mycelial growth

光照处理 Lighting condition	菌落直径 Colony diameter/mm
全黑暗 Full dark	80.33±1.53 a
黑暗光照交替 12 h light and dark	79.67±0.58 a
全光照Full light	80.67±0.58 a

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表 2 不同碳氮源对病原菌菌丝生长的影响

Table 2. Effects of carbon and nitrogen sources on C. coicis mycelial growth

碳源 Carbon source		氮源 Nitrogen source
处理 Treatments	菌落直径 Colony diameter/mm	处理 Treatments	菌落直径 Colony diameter/mm
CK	58.67±1.53 c	CK	51.67±1.53 e
淀粉 Starch	74.33±2.08 a	酵母 Yeast	76.00±1.73 b
蔗糖 Sucrose	66.67±1.53 b	牛肉浸膏 Beef extract	77.67±0.58 b
乳糖 Lactose	68.33±0.58 b	硝酸钠 Sodium nitrate	68.33±1.53 c
麦芽糖 Malt dust	60.00±1.73 c	蛋白胨 Peptone	83.67±1.15 a
葡萄糖 Glucose	69.33±1.15 b	硫酸铵 Ammonium sulfate	54.67±2.51 d

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表 3 薏苡叶斑病防治药剂的毒力评估

Table 3. Toxicity of fungicides on C. coicis

供试药剂 Fungicides	药剂类型 Reagent type	毒力回归方程 Toxicity regression equation	EC₅₀/ （mg·L⁻¹）	毒力指数 Toxicity Index	95%置信区间 95% Confidence interval/（mg·L⁻¹）	相关系数 r Correlation coefficient r
氯氟醚菌唑 Mefentrifluconazole	三唑类 Triazoles	y=5.8217+0.3642x	0.0055	234.83	0.0016～0.0191	0.9710
吡唑醚菌酯 Pyraclostrobin	甲氧基丙烯酸酯类 Methoxylcarbamates	y=5.5791+0.4206x	0.0132	97.84	0.0088～0.0197	0.9931
咯菌腈 Fludioxonil	吡咯类 Azole	y=5.5861+0.3225x	0.0152	84.97	0.0064～0.0377	0.9649
多菌灵（对照） Carbendazim (CK)	苯并咪唑类 Benzimidazoles	y=4.9632+0.3314x	1.2916	—	0.5438～3.0677	0.9724

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表 4 氯氟醚菌唑与吡唑醚菌酯对薏苡叶斑病病原菌的联合作用

Table 4. Toxicity of mefentrifluconazole and pyraclostrobin combination on C. coicis

混剂配比 Mixture ratio	毒力回归方程 Toxicity regression equation	相关系数 r Correlation coefficient r	EC₅₀/ （mg·L⁻¹）	95 % 置信区间 95 % Confidence interval/（mg·L⁻¹）	共毒系数CTC Co-toxicity coefficient	评价 Evaluate
9∶1	y=6.2568+0.5134x	0.9808	0.0036	0.0015～0.0084	162.24	增效 Synergism
8∶2	y=6.2953+0.5340x	0.9750	0.0038	0.0014～0.0100	163.85	增效 Synergism
7∶3	y=6.2342+0.5116x	0.9853	0.0039	0.0019～0.0081	170.94	增效 Synergism
6∶4	y=6.1802+0.4874x	0.9781	0.0038	0.0015～0.0094	188.79	增效 Synergism
5∶5	y=6.2448+0.5058x	0.9911	0.0035	0.0019～0.0062	221.85	增效 Synergism
4∶6	y=6.0696+0.4576x	0.9901	0.0046	0.0026～0.0080	183.95	增效 Synergism
3∶7	y=6.2093+0.5313x	0.9952	0.0053	0.0036～0.0079	175.39	增效 Synergism
2∶8	y=5.9581+0.4369x	0.9982	0.0064	0.0051～0.0081	161.13	增效 Synergism
1∶9	y=5.8962+0.4403x	0.9962	0.0092	0.0067～0.0126	125.86	增效 Synergism

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表 5 氯氟醚菌唑与咯菌腈对薏苡叶斑病病原菌的联合作用

Table 5. Toxicity of mefentrifluconazole and fludioxonil combination on C. coicis

混剂配比 Mixture ratio	毒力回归方程 Toxicity regression equation	相关系数 r Correlation coefficient r	EC₅₀/ （mg·L⁻¹）	95 % 置信区间 95 % Confidence interval/（mg·L⁻¹）	共毒系数CTC Co-toxicity coefficient	评价 Evaluate
9∶1	y=5.8602+0.4494x	0.9804	0.0095	0.0046～0.0197	61.84	拮抗 Antagonism
8∶2	y=5.7853+0.4008x	0.9855	0.0110	0.0060～0.0201	57.32	拮抗 Antagonism
7∶3	y=5.7966+0.4214x	0.9750	0.0129	0.0059～0.0281	52.73	拮抗 Antagonism
6∶4	y=5.7620+0.3662x	0.9905	0.0083	0.0050～0.0139	88.98	相加 Additive
5∶5	y=5.8602+0.4494x	0.9710	0.0122	0.0052～0.0286	66.21	拮抗 Antagonism
4∶6	y=5.7718+0.4151x	0.9734	0.0138	0.0062～0.0307	64.58	拮抗 Antagonism
3∶7	y=5.7604+0.3945x	0.9873	0.0118	0.0067～0.0207	84.24	相加 Additive
2∶8	y=5.7777+0.4132x	0.9760	0.0131	0.0061～0.0281	85.78	相加 Additive
1∶9	y=5.7913+0.4285x	0.9877	0.0142	0.0057～0.0358	90.99	相加 Additive

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表 6 吡唑醚菌酯与咯菌腈对薏苡叶斑病病原菌的联合作用

Table 6. Toxicity of pyraclostrobin and fludioxonil combination on C. coicis

混剂配比 Mixture ratio	毒力回归方程 Toxicity regression equation	相关系数 r Correlation coefficient r	EC₅₀/ （mg·L⁻¹）	95%置信区间 95% Confidence interval/（mg·L⁻¹）	共毒系数CTC Co-toxicity coefficient	评价 Evaluate
9∶1	y=5.5549+0.2881x	0.9773	0.011 8	0.0056～0.0252	113.36	相加 Additive
8∶2	y=5.5697+0.3032x	0.9846	0.0132	0.0072～0.0242	102.70	相加 Additive
7∶3	y=5.5082+0.2756x	0.9777	0.0143	0.0070～0.0295	96.10	相加 Additive
6∶4	y=5.5443+0.2442x	0.9897	0.0154	0.0102～0.0231	90.48	相加 Additive
5∶5	y=5.5385+0.3121x	0.9790	0.0188	0.0102～0.0231	75.16	拮抗 Antagonism
4∶6	y=5.5461+0.2737x	0.9842	0.0202	0.0114～0.0357	70.95	拮抗 Antagonism
3∶7	y=5.5166+0.2928x	0.9863	0.0172	0.0100～0.0297	84.53	相加 Additive
2∶8	y=5.5288+0.3047x	0.9913	0.0184	0.0120～0.0282	80.18	相加 Additive
1∶9	y=5.5085+0.3003x	0.9869	0.0203	0.0121～0.0340	73.76	拮抗 Antagonism

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