微量元素对远志种子萌发及幼苗生理活性的影响

刘佳; 伊文博; 高志忠; 赵婉清; 田洪岭; 张虎芳

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2021.11.004

微量元素对远志种子萌发及幼苗生理活性的影响

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2021.11.004

1.
忻州师范学院生物系，山西　忻州　034000
2.
山西省农业科学院经济作物研究所，山西　汾阳　032200

基金项目: 国家中药材产业技术体系浑源综合试验站项目（CARS-21）；忻州师范学院科研项目（2020KY08）；山西农业大学生物育种工程（YZGC056）

详细信息

作者简介:
刘佳（1985−），女，博士，主要从事药用植物病虫害研究（E-mail：liujia19850528@126.com）

通讯作者:
张虎芳（1962−），女，博士，教授，主要从事昆虫分子系统学（E-mail：zh_hufang@sohu.com）

中图分类号: S 567.2
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-03-15
- 修回日期: 2021-09-17
- 刊出日期: 2021-11-28

Effects of Trace Elements on Seed Germination and Seedling Physiological Activities of Polygala tenuifolia

1.
Department of Biology, Xinzhou Teachers University, Xinzhou, Shanxi　034000, China
2.
Institute of Economic Crops, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fenyang, Shanxi　032200, China

摘要

摘要: 目的了解不同微量元素在远志种子萌发过程中的作用。方法选择铁（Fe）、锰（Mn）、硼（B）、钼（Mo）4种微量元素，每个设置5个质量浓度梯度处理远志种子，观察萌发过程，以发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数为基础，结合根的长度、鲜重、幼苗所含脯氨酸、可溶性总糖、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）等7个指标的变化情况，对远志种子萌发过程进行综合评价。结果铁元素处理后，0～40 mg·L⁻¹质量浓度范围内，除脯氨酸外的指标均逐渐升高，且差异显著；高于40 mg·L⁻¹后，指标快速下降。锰元素处理后，0～150 mg·L⁻¹质量浓度范围内，除脯氨酸外的指标逐渐升高，除CAT酶活力外，均高于对照；超过150 mg·L⁻¹后，指标下降。铁和锰处理后的远志种子，在整个质量浓度的试验范围内，脯氨酸含量一直增加。硼处理后，0～1.5 mg·L⁻¹质量浓度范围内，发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数、根长、鲜重指标分别随着质量浓度升高逐渐增大，1.0 mg·L⁻¹时达到最大值，高于对照；1.5 mg·L⁻¹时，脯氨酸、可溶性总糖含量、SOD、POD、CAT指标达到最大值，除脯氨酸外，均高于对照。Mo处理后，0～40 mg·L⁻¹质量浓度范围内，各指标逐渐升高，除脯氨酸和SOD酶活力指标外，均高于对照；高于该质量浓度范围后，指标降低。结论四种微量元素低质量浓度时对远志萌发具有促进作用，高质量浓度时对其产生抑制。其中40 mg·L⁻¹ Fe、150 mg·L⁻¹Mn、1.0～1.5 mg·L⁻¹ B、40 mg·L⁻¹ Mo处理后，种子萌发及幼苗生长效果最佳。
- 微量元素 /
- 远志 /
- 种子萌发 /
- 种子生长
Abstract: Objective Roles of iron (Fe), manganese (Mg), boron (B), and molybdenum (Mo) played in the seed germination and seedling physiological activities of Polygala tenuifolia were studied. Methods P. tenuifolia seeds were soaked in solutions containing the trace elements in 5 concentration gradients. Seed germination was evaluated according to the germination rate, germination index, and seedling vigor index. Measurements on root length, fresh weight, and contents of proline, soluble total sugar, superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (POD) of the seedlings were also obtained for the analysis. Result The Fe treatments of 0-40 mg·L⁻¹ increased the indices except proline content with statistically significant differences. But beyond that level the indices declined rapidly. Under the Mg treatments in the range of 0-150 mg·L⁻¹, all indices excluding proline content increased to levels higher than those of control except for catalase activity. As did with Fe, when the Mg concentration became higher, the indices declined. The proline content increased in the seeds being treated with either Fe or Mg within the concentration ranges tested. The seed germination rate and index as well as the seedling vigor index, root length, and fresh weight increased with increasing B concentration from 0 to 1.5 mg·L⁻¹ with a peak observed at 1.0 mg·L⁻¹, which was higher than that of control. At 1.5 mg B·L⁻¹, the contents of proline and total soluble sugar and the activities of SOD, POD, and CAT reached their maximal levels, which, beside proline, were higher than those of control. In the concentrations of 0-40 mg·L⁻¹, Mo induced increases on the indices higher than those of control, but not on proline content and SOD activity. At higher concentrations, Mo caused declines on the indices. Conclusion The selected trace elements could promote the germination of P. tenuifolia seeds at low concentrations but inhibit it at high concentration. The treatments of 40 mg Fe·L⁻¹, 150 mg·L⁻¹Mg, 1.0-1.5 mg·L⁻¹B, or 40 mg·L⁻¹ Mo appeared best for the seed germination as well as seedling growth.
- trace elements /
- Polygala tenuifolia Willd /
- seed germination /
- seedling growth

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图 1 微量元素铁对远志幼苗叶绿素含量的影响

注：不同字母表示处理间差异显著（P＜0.05）。图2～8同。

Figure 1. Effect of Fe on chlorophyll content of P. tenuifolia seedlings

Note: Different letters indicate significant differences among treatments (P＜0.05). Same for Figs. 2-8.

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图 2 微量元素锰对远志幼苗叶绿素含量的影响

Figure 2. Effect of Mg on chlorophyll content of P. tenuifolia seedlings

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图 3 微量元素硼对远志幼苗叶绿素含量的影响

Figure 3. Effect of B on chlorophyll content of P. tenuifolia seedlings

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图 4 微量元素钼对远志幼苗叶绿素含量的影响

Figure 4. Effect of Mo on chlorophyll content of P. tenuifolia seedlings

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图 5 微量元素铁对远志幼苗抗氧化酶活性的影响

Figure 5. Effect of Fe on antioxidant enzyme activity of P. tenuifolia seedlings

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图 6 微量元素锰对远志幼苗抗氧化酶活性的影响

Figure 6. Effect of Mg on antioxidant enzyme activity of P. tenuifolia seedlings

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图 7 微量元素硼对远志幼苗抗氧化酶活性的影响

Figure 7. Effect of B on antioxidant enzyme activity of P. tenuifolia seedlings

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图 8 微量元素钼对远志幼苗抗氧化酶活性的影响

Figure 8. Effect of Mo on antioxidant enzyme activity of P. tenuifolia seedlings

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表 1 4种微量元素对远志种子萌发及生长的影响

Table 1. Effects of trace elements on seed germination and seedling growth of P. tenuifolia

质量浓度 Mass concentration/（mg·L⁻¹）	发芽率 Germination rate/%	发芽指数 Germination index	活力指数 Vital index	根长 Root length/mm	鲜重 Fresh mass/mg
Fe
CK	91.67±0.29 d	153.93±0.21 b	2.40±0.09 b	7.14±0.15 d	15.57±0.66 a
20	95.67±0.15 bc	154.14±0.33 b	2.43±0.09 b	11.77±0.48 b	15.79±0.21 a
40	97.83±0.15 a	175.02±0.33 a	2.84±0.29 a	15.23±0.29 a	16.22±0.74 a
60	96.33±0.29 b	169.93±0.38 a	2.38±0.10 b	8.58±0.16 c	14.018±0.17 ab
80	95.00±0.05 c	148.75±0.22 bc	2.03±0.59 c	5.23±0.10 e	13.65±0.07 ab
100	93.83±0.29 c	139.87±0.26 c	1.61±0.26 d	4.43±0.20 f	11.54±0.05 b
Mn
CK	91.67±0.29 c	153.93±2.21 d	2.40±0.09 c	7.14±0.15 d	15.57±0.66 b
50	97.17±0.04 b	162.78±4.03 bc	2.58±0.08 c	13.2±0.50 c	15.83±1.11 b
100	97.5±0.86 a	165.70±4.61 b	2.70±0.01 b	17.03±2.65 b	16.29±0.25 ab
150	99.17±0.29 a	171.69±5.42 a	2.86±0.03 a	19.56±2.51 a	16.66±1.07 ab
200	96.5±0.05 b	158.70±2.02 c	2.15±0.03 d	16.67±0.81 b	13.54±2.26 c
250	96.17±0.15 b	156.27±0.21 cd	1.8±0.03 e	17.26±0.83 b	11.53±0.28 d
B
CK	91.67±0.29 b	153.93±0.21 a	2.40±0.09 a	7.14±0.15 c	15.57±0.66 a
0.5	94.17±0.31 a	158.32±1.89 bc	2.47±0.23 a	8.65±1.13 b	15.59±0.51 a
1	94.67±0.04 a	162.90±0.94 b	2.88±0.28 a	12.13±0.28 a	17.71±0.91 a
1.5	91.67±0.58 b	155.41±2.25 ab	2.61±0.26 b	12.05±0.40 a	16.77±1.74 a
2	91.17±0.04 b	153.96±2.72 bc	2.08±0.04 b	9.28±1.20 b	13.57±0.50 b
2.5	87.33±0.58 c	119.10±0.50 c	1.55±0.3 c	7.8±0.57 c	12.99±0.12 b
Mo
CK	91.67±0.29 c	153.93±0.21 b	2.40±0.09 b	7.14±0.15 d	15.57±0.66 b
10	91.73±0.15 c	153.97±0.07 b	2.40±0.08 b	8.36±0.12 c	15.61±0.37 b
20	92.00±0.87 c	154.04±0.08 b	2.46±0.07 b	8.57±0.12 c	15.96±0.26 b
30	94.00±0.01 b	158.37±0.32 ab	2.58±0.09 ab	9.29±0.24 bc	16.29±0.03 ab
40	96.33±0.76 a	162.42±0.10 a	2.71±0.03 a	11.29±0.17 a	16.66±0.23 a
50	91.5±0.32 c	155.09±0.77 b	2.39±0.08 c	9.99±0.26 b	15.42±0.01 b
注：同列数据后不同字母代表与对照的差异显著性（Duncan氏新复极差检验，P＜0.05）。下表同。 Note: Data with different letters on same column represent significant differences from control (Duncan's new multiple range test, P＜0.05). Same for the following tables.

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表 2 4种微量元素对远志幼苗脯氨酸、可溶性总糖的影响

Table 2. Effects of trace elements on proline and total soluble sugar in P. tenuifolia seedlings

微量元素质量浓度 Mass concentration/（mg·L⁻¹）	脯氨酸含量 Proline content/（μg·g⁻¹）	可溶性总糖含量 Total soluble/%	微量元素质量浓度 Mass concentration/（mg·L⁻¹）	脯氨酸含量 Proline content/（μg·g⁻¹）	可溶性总糖含量 Total soluble/%
Fe			B
CK	85.27±14.77 c	92.30±1.70 a	CK	85.27±14.77 a	92.30±1.70 c
20	88.50±0.95 c	93.44±0.10 a	0.5	83.91±1.18 a	145.16±4.45 a
40	88.56±0.65 c	94.36±9.04 a	1	84.53±0.45 a	122.72±1.29 b
60	88.56±1.58 c	93.81±2.20 a	1.5	84.84±0.62 a	158.05±2.33 a
80	93.89±3.45 bc	74.25±1.16 b	2	82.40±1.08 ab	95.72±4.56 c
100	102.54±0.91 a	48.74±15.11 c	2.5	85.06±1.43 a	92.77±4.11 c
Mn			Mo
CK	85.27±14.77 c	92.30±1.70 b	CK	85.27±14.77 a	92.30±1.70 d
50	85.37±0.13 c	96.34±0.10 a	10	82.18±3.22 ab	97.12±3.10 dc
100	86.73±0.23 c	97.26±0.12 a	20	83.10±11.42 a	102.60±3.46 c
150	94.63±0.15 b	98.45±2.11 a	30	84.09±7.71 a	114.90±2.21 b
200	118.31±3.53 a	74.40±0.87 c	40	85.06±7.58 a	139.31±3.26 a
250	119.97±2.84 a	49.11±4.77 d	50	81.45±4.40 c	95.52±3.06 d

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