增强UV-B辐射对贵妃杧果果实成熟和叶片显微结构及光合速率的影响

林晓凯; 廖海枝; 杨成坤; 杜婧加; 彭俊杰; 周开兵

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2021.10.010

增强UV-B辐射对贵妃杧果果实成熟和叶片显微结构及光合速率的影响

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2021.10.010

海南大学园艺学院/热带作物新品种选育教育部工程研究中心，海南　海口　570228

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（31460498）

详细信息

作者简介:
林晓凯（1997−），男，硕士，研究方向：果树生理与栽培（E-mail：529507133@qq.com）

通讯作者:
周开兵（1969−），男，博士，教授，研究方向：果树生理与栽培（E-mail：kaibingzhou0528@163.com）

中图分类号: S 667.7
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-07-30
- 修回日期: 2021-08-21
- 网络出版日期: 2021-12-30
- 刊出日期: 2021-10-28

Effects of Enhanced UV-B Radiation Exposure on Fruit-ripening, Photosynthesis, and Leaf-microstructure of Guifei Mango

College of Horticulture, Hainan University/Engineering Research Center for Breeding of New Varieties of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Education , Haikou, Hainan　570228, China

摘要

摘要: 目的探究增强UV-B辐射对贵妃杧果果实成熟期、果实品质、叶片光合作用和显微结构的影响，为制定在增强UV-B辐射下的芒果栽培技术提供理论依据。方法选择16年生的贵妃杧果树，在田间采用紫外灯照射，人工模拟96 kJ·m⁻²·d⁻¹的增强UV-B辐射处理，以自然光照为对照（CK），观测成熟果比率、叶片光合速率（P_n）、气孔导度（G_s）、叶片显微结构等变化，比较处理与对照的差异。结果与CK相比，处理的叶片上表皮和栅栏组织厚度分别高出2.29、30.35 μm，栅栏组织和海绵组织细胞排列紧密度上升，叶片厚度和栅海比值均显著升高36 μm和18%。叶片P_n和G_s呈上升趋势，成熟果比率在4月22日、29日和5月7日分别显著提高了6.77%、37.83%和17.52%；第一批果的可溶性糖、可溶性固形物、维生素C含量和糖酸比、固酸比显著高于对照，可滴定酸含量显著低于对照；处理的叶片上角质层、下表皮、下角质层厚度和气孔大小、形态均无显著变化。结论 96 kJ·m⁻²·d⁻¹的增强UV-B辐射通过改善叶肉光合组织显微结构和提高叶片G_s而增强贵妃杧果叶片光合作用，引起贵妃杧果果实早熟，这也对产期难以调节的贵妃杧果提供了一条产期调节技术的突破性研发新途径。
- UV-B辐射 /
- 杧果 /
- 果实成熟期 /
- 品质 /
- 光合作用 /
- 显微结构
Abstract: Objective Effects of enhanced UV-B radiation exposure on the ripening and quality of fruit as well as the photosynthesis and microstructure of leaves of Guifei mango were studied.【Methods】Mature Guifei mongo trees of 16-year-old were exposed to 96 kJ·m⁻²·d⁻¹ UV-B radiation (Tr) or natural light (CK). Criteria including ripened fruit percentage on a tree and photosynthetic rate (P_n), stomatal conductance (G_s), and microstructure of leaves were evaluated. Result Under Tr, the tree leaves became 2.29 μm thicker, the upper epidermis and palisade tissue 30.35 μm higher, the cell distribution of palisade tissue and spongy tissue denser, the ratio of palisade tissue and spongy tissue 18% higher, the P_n and G_s greater, and the ripened fruit rates 6.77% higher on April 22, 37.83% higher on April 29, and 17.52% higher on May 7 than CK. The soluble sugar, soluble solids, vitamin C, and sugar/acid and solid/acid ratios of the fruits on the first harvest were significantly higher, while the titratable acid content significantly lower, than those of CK. On the other hand, there was no significant effects exerted by Tr on the thickness of upper and lower cuticle or lower epidermis, nor the size and morphology of stoma of the leaves. Conclusion The photosynthesis of mango trees was promoted by the 96 kJ·m⁻²·d⁻¹ enhanced UV-B radiation-induced microstructural alternation on the tissue of mesophyll and G_s increase in the leaves. The effect on fructescence could be applied to regulate Guifei mango maturation and ripening.
- UV-B radiation /
- mango /
- fructescence /
- quality /
- photosynthesis /
- microstructure

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图 1 UV-B辐射增强对成熟果比率的影响

注：图中*表示处理和对照差异显著（P＜0.05）。图2～3同。

Figure 1. Effects of Tr on ripened fruit percentage

Note: * indicates significant difference between Tr and CK (P＜ 0.05).The same as Fig.2～3.

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图 2 增强UV-B 辐射对叶片净光合速率（P_n）的影响

Figure 2. Effects of Tr on P_n in leaves

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 增强UV-B 辐射对叶片气孔导度（G_s）的影响

Figure 3. Effect of Tr on G_s in leaves

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 杧果叶片气孔形态结构

注：左为对照处理（CK），右为96 kJ·m⁻²·d⁻¹辐射处理（ Tr）。

Figure 4. Morphology of leaf stomata

Note: Left: CK; right: Tr.

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图 5 杧果叶片横切解剖结构比较

注：a.上角质层； b.上表皮； c.栅栏组织； d.海绵组织； e.下表皮； f.下角质层； g.保卫细胞。

Figure 5. Anatomical structures of mango leaves

Note: a: upper stratum corneum; b: upper epidermis; c: palisade tissue; d: spongy tissue; e: lower epidermis; f: lower stratum corneum; g: stomata guard cell.

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表 1 可溶性糖、可滴定酸、可溶性固形物含量的比较

Table 1. Comparison of soluble sugar, titratable acid, soluble solids content

项目Item	可溶性糖 Soluble sugar content/%			可滴定酸 Titratale acid content/%			可溶性固形物含量 Soluble solid conrent/%
项目Item	4月22日	4月29日	5月7日	4月22日	4月29日	5月7日	4月22日	4月29日	5月7日
对照 CK	9.07±0.60	10.23±0.56	9.26±0.45	0.62±0.35^*	0.35±0.26	0.35±0.26	12.41±1.58	13.95±1.67	13.43±1.64
处理 Treatment	11.46±0.64^*	12.08±0.85	9.42±0.45	0.33±0.26	0.29±0.24	0.36±0.27	13.51±1.64^*	13.74±1.66	14.83±1.72
注：表中数据为“平均值±标准差”，表中表示处理和对照差异显著（P＜0.05）。表2、4同。 Note: The data in the table are "mean ± standard deviation", and there are significant differences between the data in the table and the treatment with and the control （P＜0.05）. The same as Table 2, 4.

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表 2 糖酸比、固酸比、维生素C含量的比较

Table 2. Comparison of sugar /acid ratio, solid /acid ratio, and vitamin C content

项目Item	糖酸比 Sugar-acid ratio/%			固酸比 Solid-acid ratio/%			维生素C Vitamin C/（mg·hg⁻¹）
项目Item	4月22日	4月29日	5月7日	4月22日	4月29日	5月7日	4月22日	4月29日	5月7日
对照 CK	18.01±1.90	31.63±2.52	21.06±2.05	22.38±2.12	43.68±2.96	41.45±2.88	15.00±1.06	16.25±0.75	15.00±0.58
处理 Treatment	36.93±2.72^*	42.16±2.90	21.20±2.06	43.79±2.96^*	48.36±3.11	38.70±2.78	16.25±0.76	17.50±0.62	22.50±0.81^*

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表 3 增强 UV- B 辐射对杧果叶片表面气孔形态的影响

Table 3. Effect of Tr on surface stomata of mango leaves

项目Item	对照 CK	处理 Treatment
气孔长度 Stoma length/μm	6.99±0.097	7.06±0.098
气孔宽度 Stomata width/μm	0.72±0.037	0.77±0.035
气孔面积 Stomatal area/μm²	3.99±0.10	4.27±0.10
气孔密度 Stomatal density /个·cm⁻²	13250±7.07	13000±7.30

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表 4 叶片横切面各组织形态结构的变化

Table 4. Morphological changes on transverse section of mango leaves

项目 Item	对照 CK	处理 Treatment
上角质层 Upper stratum corneum/μm	1.02±0.03	1.18±0.05
上表皮 Uppere pidermis/μm	19.28±0.35	21.57±0.66^*
栅栏组织 Palisade tissue/μm	45.95±0.80	76.30±2.56^*
海绵组织 Spongy tissue/μm	150.22±1.65	155.24±1.69
下表皮 Lower epidermis/μm	18.14±0.53	17.48±0.61
下角质层 Lower stratum corneum/μm	0.97±0.04	1.01±0.04
叶片厚度 Leaf thickness/μm	236.59±1.46	272.59±3.99^*
栅海比 Ratio of palosade tissue to spongy tissue	0.31±0.01	0.49±0.02^*
叶片栅栏组织结构紧密度 Tightness of leaf palisade tissue structure/%	19.46%±0.28%	27.95%±0.69%^*
上角质层 Upper stratum corneum/μm	63.42%±0.50%^*	56.99%±0.57%

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