贵州地方高粱抗炭疽病资源的田间鉴定

陈满静; 曹绍书; 谭金玉; 阮仁超; 李青风; 高杰; 彭秋; 郑常祥; 邓小锋

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2021.09.010

贵州地方高粱抗炭疽病资源的田间鉴定

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2021.09.010

1.
贵州省农业科学院旱粮研究所，贵州　贵阳　550006
2.
贵州省农业科学院农作物品种资源研究所，贵州　贵阳　550006
3.
贵州省农业科学院园艺所，贵州　贵阳　550006

基金项目: 国家科技支撑计划项目（2014BAD07B02-2-4）；贵州省农业科学院青年基金项目（[2018]57号）

详细信息

作者简介:
陈满静（1991−），女，硕士，助理研究员，研究方向：高粱作物栽培（E-mail：nkycmj@yeah.net）

通讯作者:
邓小锋（1979−），男，博士，助理研究员，研究方向：高粱育种（E-mail：dixifor@yeah.net）

中图分类号: S 436
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-03-31
- 修回日期: 2021-06-21
- 网络出版日期: 2021-08-10
- 刊出日期: 2021-09-28

Field Determination on Anthracnose-resistance of Sorghum Cultivars in Guizhou

1.
Institute of Food Crops, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, Guizhou　550006, China
2.
Guizhou Genetic Resource Institute of Crops Germplasm Resources, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, Guizhou　550006, China
3.
Institute of Horticulture, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, Guizhou　550006, China

摘要

摘要: 目的观察高粱叶部炭疽病发病特点，筛选贵州地方抗炭疽病高粱资源，探明高粱抗病机理。方法于田间以粉碎秸秆及高粱病叶作为侵染源，将收集到的贵州地方高粱资源进行为期2年的叶部炭疽病抗性等级鉴定。结果两份资源B39-2、F41表现为高度抗病，等级数值为2。7份资源为中度抗病，但抗性表现依赖于病害环境。两份资源E36、F4含有极端分布的等级数值，266份资源为感病材料。资源中极少部分材料存在多个等级数值，说明这些资源存在杂合基因型。结论通过两年的田间抗病鉴定，鉴定出的2份高抗资源有稳定抗性，可用于后续研究与品种选育。鉴选方法上，使用粉碎秸秆和病叶作为侵染源比单独使用粉碎秸秆能更有效地鉴定高抗资源。
- 高粱 /
- 抗性 /
- 炭疽病 /
- 鉴选 /
- 贵州资源
Abstract: Objective Resistance of local sorghum varieties in Guizhou to anthracnose was determined by artificially infecting the plants in the field. Method Using both crushed straws and diseased leaves to induce the anthracnose infection on 283 cultivars of sorghum in Guizhou, a field experimentation was conducted in two separate years to examine and classify the disease resistance of the crop plants. Result Among the cultivars, B39-2 and F41 showed a high, Grade 2 resistance to anthracnose. Seven cultivars were moderately resistant to the disease in varying degrees depending upon the environmental conditions. E36 and F4 exhibited resistance that varied greatly. A few were of heterozygous genotypes displaying multiple grades of resistance. And the remaining 266 specimens were susceptible to the disease. Conclusion Two outstanding local sorghum cultivars in Guizhou were highly and consistently resistant to anthracnose that were to be further studied for breeding programs. This study showed the combined use of crushed straws and diseased leaves to artificially infect sorghum plants to be more effective than applying crushed straws alone in determining the degree of the disease resistance.
- Sorghum /
- resistance /
- anthracnose /
- assessment /
- germplasm collection in Guizhou

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表 1 炭疽病抗性鉴定地方高粱材料

Table 1. Sources of sorghum cultivars for anthracnose-resistance identification

序号 No.	资源来源地 Accessions collection places	资源数量 Accessions quantity/份
1	贵阳市	55
2	遵义市	3
3	安顺市	11
4	六盘水市	4
5	黔西南州	5
6	黔南州	5
7	黔东南州	14
8	毕节地区	177
9	铜仁地区	9

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表 2 高粱抗炭疽病害等级评价标准

Table 2. Evaluation criteria for grading sorghum anthracnose-resistance

病害等级 Rating scale	抗性评估 Resistance evaluation	感病症状 Disease symptom
1	高抗	叶上偶有退绿斑点，无红斑，无分生孢子盘
2	高抗	叶片有紫色或红色斑点，但其中无分生孢子盘形成
3	中抗	叶片有带分生孢子盘的小坏疽，单叶坏疽数目少于20个
4	中抗	坏疽占据了单叶的面积约20%～30%，这样的叶片数少于总叶片数一半
5	中抗	坏疽至少占据单叶面积一半，这样的叶片数约为总叶片数一半
6	感病	坏疽至少占据了单叶面积一半，这样的叶片数约为总叶片数的3/4
7	高感	坏疽至少占据了单叶面积一半，几乎所有的叶片都是此症状

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表 3 9份地方高粱资源的2016和2019年抗性鉴定等级数值

Table 3. Data on grading 9 sorghum specimens for anthracnose-resistance in 2016 and 2019

序号 No.	资源 Accessions	2016年（Year）		2019年（Year）		抗性等级 Resistance classification
序号 No.	资源 Accessions	数值① Scores①	数值② Scores②	数值① Scores①	数值② Scores②	抗性等级 Resistance classification
1	B39-2	2	3	2	—	高抗
2	F41	2	—	2	—	高抗
3	C22（α）	3	2	5-2, 6, 7, 5-1, 4	—	中抗
4	C34（α）	4	6	5-2, 7, 6, 4, 5-1	—	中抗
5	D1（α）	3	2, 7	5-2, 7, 4, 6, 5-1	—	中抗
6	F2（α）	3, 4	—	4, 7	—	中抗
7	F10（α）	3	2, 4	7, 5-2, 6, 4	—	中抗
8	F15（α）	5	2, 3	5-2, 5-1	—	中抗
9	F48（α）	4	2, 3	7, 5-2, 6, 5-1, 4	—	中抗
注：2019年将等级5分为5-1和5-2。5-1:单叶上的坏疽数至少占据1/2单叶面积，这样的叶片数＜1/2总叶片数，5-2：单叶上的坏疽数至少占据1/2单叶面积，这样的叶片数≈总叶片数。 Note: In 2019, Grade 5 was further divided into Grade 5-1 and Grande 5-2. Grade 5-1 was when number of leaves showing gangrenes on more than ½ of the surface of a single leaf to be no more than ½ of total number of leaves on a plant; and Grade 5-2, when that to be approximately equal to½ of total number of leaves on a plant.

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表 4 E36、F4抗性鉴定等级数值

Table 4. Data on E36 and F4 graded for anthracnose-resistance

资源 Accessions	2016年（Year）		2019年（Year）
资源 Accessions	数值① Scroes①	数值② Scroes②	数值① Scroes①	数值② Scroes②
E36	3	4,7	3,4,7	—
F4	2	6	2,4,5-1	2,4,7

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表 5 15份地方高粱资源的2016、2019年抗性鉴定等级数值

Table 5. Data on grading 15 sorghum specimens for anthracnose-resistance in 2016 and 2019

资源 Accessions	2016年（Year）		2019年（Year）
资源 Accessions	数值① Scroes①	数值② Scroes②	数值① Scroes①	数值② Scroes②
B1'（β）	3, 7	6	7	—
B7'（β）	4	3, 7	7	—
B11'（β）	3	5, 6, 7	7	—
B14'（β）	4	3, 7	7	—
B30'（β）	3, 7	2	7	—
D25（β）	4	3	7	—
D43（β）	3	6, 7	7	—
E83（β）	3	4, 6, 7	7	—
F6（β）	3	4, 6	7	—
F16（β）	5	6	7	—
F31（β）	4, 6	3	7	—
F39（β）	3	4, 6, 7	7, 6	—
F46（β）	3, 4	7	7	—
F51（β）	4	2, 3	7	—
F52（β）	3	4, 6	7	—

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