观赏海棠花色与花瓣pH、表皮细胞形态特征的关系

何娜; 杨祎凡; 江皓; 彭琴; 魏子秋; 张往祥

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2021.09.005

观赏海棠花色与花瓣pH、表皮细胞形态特征的关系

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2021.09.005

何娜^1,,
杨祎凡²,
江皓¹,
彭琴¹,
魏子秋¹,
张往祥^{1, 3, ,}

1.
南京林业大学林学院，江苏　南京　210037
2.
江苏省常州环境监测中心，江苏常州　213000
3.
扬州小苹果园艺有限公司，江苏　扬州　225200

基金项目: 扬州市科技计划项目（YZ2019037）

详细信息

作者简介:
何娜（1997−），女，硕士研究生，研究方向：海棠花期调控（E-mail：1928404353@qq.com）

通讯作者:
张往祥（1965−），男，博士，教授，研究方向：观赏园艺（E-mail：malus2011@163.com）

中图分类号: S 718.42
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-06-04
- 修回日期: 2021-07-02
- 网络出版日期: 2021-10-23
- 刊出日期: 2021-09-28

Correlations among Petal Color, pH, and Epidermal Cell Morphology of Ornamental Crabapple

HE Na^1
,,
YANG Yifan²,
JIANG Hao¹,
PENG Qin¹,
WEI Ziqiu¹,
ZHANG Wangxiang^{1, 3
, ,}

1.
College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu　210037, China
2.
Changzhou Environmental Monitoring Center, Changzhou, Jiangsu　213000, China
3.
Yangzhou Crabapple Horticulture Co., Ltd., Yangzhou, Jiangsu　225200, China

摘要

摘要: 目的以14个观赏海棠品种为研究对象，初步探讨观赏海棠花色与花瓣pH、表皮细胞形态特征之间的关系。方法分别采用比色卡及色差计对不同色系（白色、粉红色、紫红色、暗红色等）观赏海棠品种盛花期及不同开花进程（大蕾期、盛花期、末花期）的海棠花瓣，进行色彩评价，同时测定其细胞pH值，通过电镜扫描观察花瓣表皮细胞形态特征, 探讨海棠花色与花瓣pH值、表皮细胞形态特征的关系。结果白色系、粉色系品种pH值5.24～6.37，而暗紫红、紫红色系pH值4.98～5.53；从白色系到紫红色系，花瓣pH值整体呈现下降趋势。随着花瓣颜色的加深，花瓣pH值总体呈现出逐渐降低的变化趋势，与不断增大的红绿色度a^*值和饱和度C^*值存在一定的负相关关系，在开花进程中也存在类似的变化规律；除暗紫色系外，其他3个色系内部均存在不同的表皮细胞类型，开花过程中，随着花色的淡化，海棠花瓣表皮细胞的扁平化趋势表现较为明显。结论观赏海棠花瓣pH值与花色的形成及淡化均存在一定的相关性，花瓣表皮细胞形状未与花色表型差异构成明显的联系，但与开花进程中的海棠花瓣褪色现象有一定的关联性。
- 观赏海棠 /
- 花色 /
- 表皮细胞 /
- pH值
Abstract: Objective Correlations among the color, pH, and epidermal cell morphology of petals of ornamental crabapple flowers were preliminarily analyzed. Method Colors of the petals of 14 varieties of white, reddish purple, pink, and dark-purple crabapples at blooming, big-bud, full-bloom, and end florescence stages were measured by RHSCC and a chromatic meter. Morphology of petal epidermal cells was examined under a scanning electron microscope. Correlations among these properties were statistically analyzed. Result The white and pink lines of crabapples had a petal pH ranging from 5.24 to 6.37, while the dark-purple and reddish purple lines, from 4.98 to 5.53. In general, the pH declined as the color turned from light or white to dark or reddish purple and the colorimeter red-green a^* and saturation C^* measurements increased. A similar trend was also observed during the flowering process. Aside from the dark-purple variety, the other 3 crabapple series had petal epidermal cells of varied types and, in florescence, the cells became more noticeably flattened as the petal color faded. Conclusion There appeared to be correlations among the pH of petals and the formation and fading of flower color on the 14 ornamental crabapple varieties. The petal epidermal cell morphology did not significantly correlate to the flower color phenotype but possibly to the color fading in florescence of the plants.
- Ornamental crabapple /
- flower color /
- epidermal cell /
- pH

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图 1 14种海棠品种盛花期的花瓣

Figure 1. Petals of 14 crabapple varieties at full-bloom stage

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图 2 11个品种海棠盛花期花瓣pH值

注：A1～A3依次为白色系品种艾琳、金色仙踪、甜蜜时光；B1～B3依次为粉红色系品种高原玫瑰、克莱姆、硕蕾；C1～C3依次为紫红色系品种黛玉、鲁道夫、盛花；D1～D2分别为暗紫红色系品种紫宝石和皇家。

Figure 2. pH of petals of 11 crabapple cultivars at blooming stage

Note: A1-A3: white varieties, M. ‘Eleyi’, M. ‘Fairytail Gold’, and M. ‘Sugar Tyme,’ respectively; B1-B3: pink varieties, M. ‘Prairie Rose’, M. ‘Klehm’s Improved Bechtel’, and M. ‘Big alabstrum,’ respectively; C1-C3: reddish purple varieties, M. ‘Black Jade’, M. ‘Rudolph’, and M. ‘Abundunce,’ respectively; D1-D2: dark-purple varieties, M. ‘purple Gem’ and M.‘Royalty,’ respectively.

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图 3 3个海棠品种开花进程花瓣pH值及花色参数值a*、C*的变化

注：E、F、G分别代表芭蕾红、红衣主教、马凯米克3个品种。

Figure 3. pH and colorimeter a* and C* of flower petals in florescence of 3 crabapple varieties

Note: E, F, and G stand for M. ‘Ballet Red’, M. ‘Cardinal,’ and M. ‘Makamik’ respectively.

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图 4 11个海棠品种盛花期花瓣表皮细胞形状

注：（１）放大倍数为800倍，标尺为50 μm。（２）A1～A3依次为白色系品种艾琳、金色仙踪、甜蜜时光；B1～B3依次为粉红色系品种高原玫瑰、克莱姆、硕蕾；C1～C3依次为紫红色系品种黛玉、鲁道夫、盛花；D1～D2分别为暗紫红色系品种紫宝石和皇家。

Figure 4. Shapes of petal epidermal cells of 11 crabapple cultivars at blooming stage

Note: （1）The magnification is 800 times and the scale is 50 μ m.（2）A1-A3: white varieties, M. ‘Eleyi’, M. ‘Fairytail Gold’, and M. ‘Sugar Tyme, respectively’; B1-B3: pink varieties, M. ‘Prairie Rose’, M. ‘Klehm’s Improved Bechtel’, and M. ‘Big alabstrum,’ respectively; C1-C3: reddish purple varieties, M. ‘Black Jade’, M. ‘Rudolph’, and M. ‘Abundunce,’ respectively; D1-D2: dark-purple varieties, M. ‘purple Gem’ and M. ‘Royalty.’ respectively.

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图 5 3个海棠品种不同时期花瓣表皮细胞形状

注：E、F、G分别代表芭蕾红、红衣主教、马凯米克3个品种，S₁、S₂、S₃分别表示大蕾期、盛花期、末花期。

Figure 5. Shapes of petal epidermal cells of 3 crabapple cultivars at different florescence stages

Note: E, F, and G stand for M. ‘Ballet Red’, M. ‘Cardinal,’ and M. ‘Makamik,’ respectively; S1, S2, and S3 stand for Big Bud, full-bloom, and end florescence stages, respectively.

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表 1 不同色系海棠品种花瓣色彩评价及相应参数

Table 1. Measurements and descriptions of flower color of different crabapple varieties

色系　　　 Color series	品种/种名　　 Cultivar or species name	RHSCC	色彩参数 Color parameters			色彩还原 Color reproduction
色系　　　 Color series	品种/种名　　 Cultivar or species name	RHSCC	L^*	a^*	C^*	色彩还原 Color reproduction
白色 white	艾琳 M. Eleyi	NN155D	90.78±0.28 A	−1.90±0.08 A	3.28±0.52 A
白色 white	金色仙踪 M. Fairytail Gold	NN155D	92.34±0.20 A	−2.04±0.07 A	2.99±0.26 A
白色 white	甜蜜时光 M. Sugar Tyme	NN155C	91.55±0.30 A	−2.05±0.14 A	2.96±0.13 A
粉红 pink	硕蕾 M. Big alabstrum	N66C	72.22±3.99 B	18.41±2.83 B	23.74±2.29 B
粉红 pink	克莱姆 M. Klehm	68C	70.69±3.19 B	17.62±1.35 B	22.34±3.19 B
粉红 pink	高原玫瑰 M. Prairie Rose	68D	72.06±2.62 B	19.01±2.31 B	21.38±2.59 B
紫红 pink	盛花 M. Abundunce	46C	47.95±1.27 C	43.63±0.99 C	43.15±1.22 C
紫红 pink	黛玉 M. Black Jade	N57B	48.12±1.28 C	43.31±0.89 C	43.99±1.69 C
紫红 purplish red	鲁道夫 M. Rudolph	58B	47.17±1.66 C	43.21±0.99 C	44.64±2.02 C
暗紫红 dark purple	紫宝石 M. purple Gem	46A	31.39±0.91 D	30.31±1.77 D	30.82±1.84 D
暗紫红 dark purple	皇家 M. Royalty	59B	31.82±1.97 D	29.43±1.51 D	30.83±2.02 D
注：表中同列数值后不同大写字母表示差异达到极显著水平（P＜0.01）。表2同。 Note: Data with different capital letters on same column indicate extremely significant difference at P＜0.01. Same for Table 2.

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表 2 3个品种不同花期花瓣色彩评价及相应参数

Table 2. Measurements and descriptions of flower color of 3 crabapple cultivars at different florescence stages

品种或种名 Cultivar or species name	时期 Period of flowering	RHSCC	色彩参数 Color parameters			色彩还原 Color reproduction
品种或种名 Cultivar or species name	时期 Period of flowering	RHSCC	L*	a*	C*	色彩还原 Color reproduction
芭蕾红M. Ballet Red	大蕾期 the period of blooming	46C	45.02±3.34 A	38.57±2.53 A	38.69±2.57 A
	盛花期 blossom period	N57A	53.26±4.72 B	34.82±3.38 B	35.06±3.24 B
	末花期 last flowering stage	N57C	64.14±6.15 C	22.21±4.58 C	22.86±4.60 C
红衣主教 M. Cardinal	大蕾期 the period of blooming	47B	48.29±2.39 A	39.34±2.94 A	39.45±2.88 A
	盛花期 blossom period	54B	53.11±4.89 B	27.45±3.96 B	28.21±3.73 B
	末花期 last flowering stage	N57D	64.46±4.82 C	24.67±3.54 C	25.58±3.42 C
马凯米克 M. Makamik	大蕾期 the period of blooming	53C	39.22±2.33 A	46.08±2.19 A	46.57±2.34 A
	盛花期 blossom period	58B	56.06±4.11 B	33.60±2.47 B	33.88±2.39 B
	末花期 last flowering stage	61D	68.55±3.66 C	20.40±3.01 C	25.58±3.42 C

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表 3 海棠花瓣色度a*、C*、pH值间的相关系数

Table 3. Correlation coefficient between color parameters a*, C* and pH value of crabapple petals

指标 index	pH	a*	C*
pH	1
a*	−0.651*	1
C*	−0.647*	0.998**	1
注：和分别表示在0.05和0.01水平上相关性显著。 Note: and * * indicate significant correlation at 0.05 and 0.01 levels, respectively.

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