红托竹荪与覆土土壤重金属污染评价及迁移能力分析

李浪; 孙燕; 刘妮; 王玉珠; 潘高潮; 邹方伦

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2021.07.013

红托竹荪与覆土土壤重金属污染评价及迁移能力分析

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2021.07.013

李浪^1,,
孙燕^1, ,,
刘妮¹,
王玉珠¹,
潘高潮¹,
邹方伦²

1.
贵州科学院山地资源研究所，贵州　贵阳　550001
2.
贵州科学院生物研究所，贵州　贵阳　550009

基金项目: 国家十三五重点研发计划课题（2016YFC0502606）；贵州省科技计划项目（黔科合支撑〔2017〕5720）；贵州省2016年度高层次创新人才项目（〔2016〕21）；贵州科学院青年基金（黔科院J字〔2021〕23号）；贵州科学院创新人才团队能力提升工程（〔2019〕08）

详细信息

作者简介:
李浪（1992−），男，硕士，助理研究员，研究方向：食用菌及中药资源（E-mail：1475178890@qq.com）

通讯作者:
孙燕（1973−），女，硕士，副研究员，研究方向：食用菌及中药资源（E-mail：42008514@qq.com）

中图分类号: S 646.9
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-04-01
- 修回日期: 2021-06-18
- 刊出日期: 2021-07-28

Content and Migration of Heavy Metals in Dictyophora rubrovalvata and Soil

1.
Institute of Mountainous Resources, Guizhou Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, Guizhou　550001, China
2.
Institute of Biology, Guizhou Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, Guizhou　550009, China

摘要

摘要: 目的探讨红托竹荪与覆土土壤重金属元素含量之间的关系，以期为改善竹荪品质提供理论参考。方法对红托竹荪中菌柄+菌裙、菌托、菌盖、覆土土壤中的5种重金属（Cd、Pb、Hg、As、Cr）进行含量测定，同时对红托竹荪及其覆土土壤重金属进行污染评价，分析红托竹荪中不同部位对这5种重金属的富集特性及各元素的相关性。结果红托竹荪中重金属元素含量由高到低依次为Cd＞Cr＞As＞Pb＞Hg，变异系数变化范围为15.38%～65.66%，相对应的覆土土壤中重金属元素含量高低顺序为Cr＞Pb＞As＞Cd＞Hg。覆土土壤中5种重金属元素中仅Cd元素含量超标，其余4种元素均未超标。红托竹荪3个部位对元素Cd的富集系数均大于1.5，对元素As的富集系数均小于0.5，对元素Pb、Hg和Cr富集系数小于0.1。对红托竹荪中重金属元素进行的Pearson相关性统计显示，Pb与Cr在0.01水平（双侧）上显著相关，呈完全正相关关系，其他重金属元素之间的相关性都不明显，均未达到显著水平。对红托竹荪各重金属元素与覆土土壤重金属元素之间的相关性进行统计分析，结果显示除元素Hg呈正相关之外，其余4种元素均为负相关关系。结论红托竹荪中以单因子污染指数分析，红托竹荪的3个部位均受到Cd重度污染，Hg含量属于清洁水平，Pb和As尚属清洁。以内梅罗综合污染指数分析，竹荪全部受到污染，且污染相当严重。红托竹荪对不同重金属元素的富集能力有明显差异，除Cd元素相对富集之外，其他的4种元素都相对贫化。由Pearson相关性分析可知Pb与Cr存在协同效应，其他重金属元素之间相关性不明显。
- 红托竹荪 /
- 重金属 /
- 含量 /
- 污染评价 /
- 迁移能力
Abstract: Objective Relationship between heavy metal contents in Dictyophora rubrovalvata and the soil the mushrooms were cultivated on was analyzed to understand the migratory pattern and pollution control. Method Contents of Cd, Pb, Hg, As, and Cr in stipe+skirt, receptacle, and cap of D. rubrovalvata as well as the overlying soil on the cultivation bed were analyzed to decipher the correlation between them. Result Contents of the heavy metals in D. rubrovalvata ranked Cd＞Cr＞As＞Pb＞Hg with a coefficient of variation ranging from 15.38% to 65.66%, while that in the soil Cr＞Pb＞As＞Cd＞Hg. Among the 5 heavy metals, only Cd in soil exceeded the safety standard. The enrichment coefficients of Cd in the 3 parts of D. rubrovalvata surpassed 1.5, while that of As less than 0.5 and those of Pb, Hg, and Cr below 0.1. A significant Pearson correlation was found between Pb and Cr at P＜0.01 (bilateral), but not among other heavy metals.The correlation between heavy metal elements in D. rubrovalvata and heavy metal elements in soil was statistically analyzed,the results showed that the other four elements had negative correlation except Hg. Conclusion The tested D. rubrovalvata was heavily contaminated with Cd, clean on Hg, and relatively clean on Pb or As. The Nemerow indexing put all parts of the D. rubrovalvata seriously contaminated by heavy metals. There were significant differences in the enrichment ability of different heavy metal elements. Except for the relative enrichment of Cd, the other four elements were relatively depleted. According to Pearson correlation analysis, there is a synergistic effect between Pb and Cr, and the correlation between other heavy metals is not obvious.
- Dictyophora rubrovalvata /
- heavy metal /
- content /
- pollution assessment /
- transfer capacity

HTML全文

表 1 农用地土壤污染风险筛选值

Table 1. Risk assessment score on soil pollution for agricultural land　　　　　　　　　　　　　（单位：mg·kg⁻¹）

元素 Element	农用地土壤污染风险筛选值 Risk screening value of soil pollution in agricultural land
元素 Element	pH≤5.5	5.5＜pH≤6.5	6.5＜pH≤7.5	pH＞7.5
Cd	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.6
Pb	70	90	120	170
Hg	1.3	1.8	2.4	3.4
As	40	40	30	25
Cr	150	150	200	250

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表 2 农产品中重金属限量标准

Table 2. Standard safety limits on heavy metals in agricultural products

农产品A griculture products	元素 Element	限量标准 Limited standard/（mg·kg⁻¹）
食用菌 Edible fungi	Cd	0.2
	Pb	1.0
	Hg	0.1
	As	0.5

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表 3 内梅罗综合污染指数法评价等级

Table 3. Evaluation grades of Nemero comprehensive pollution indexing method

等级划分 Gradation	综合污染指数 Comprehensive pollution index	污染等级 Pollution degree	污染水平 Pollution level
Ⅰ	P_N≤0.7	安全 Safe	清洁 Clean
Ⅱ	0.7＜P_N≤1.0	警戒级 Alert level	尚清洁 Relatively clean
Ⅲ	1.0＜P_N≤2.0	轻度污染 Slight pollution	开始受污染 Start to be polluted
Ⅳ	2.0＜P_N≤3.0	中度污染 Moderate pollution	受中度污染 Moderately polluted
Ⅴ	P_N＞3.0	重度污染 Heavy pollution	受污染已相当严重 Heavy polluted

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表 4 试验方法考察结果

Table 4. Results of experimentation

元素 Element	测定波长 Measuring wavelength/nm		相关系数 Correlation coefficient		线性范围 Linear range/（μg·L⁻¹）		检出限 Detection limit/（mg·kg⁻¹）		RSD/%				加标回收率 Recovery rate/%
元素 Element	竹荪 D. rubrovalvata	土壤 Soil	竹荪 D. rubrovalvata	土壤 Soil	竹荪 D. rubrovalvata	土壤 Soil	竹荪 D. rubrovalvata	土壤 Soil	S1	S2	S3	S4	竹荪 D. rubrovalvata	土壤 Soil
Cd	111	228.8	0.9994	0.9996	0.5～5.0	0.5～2.5	0.001	0.01	0.2	2.1	0.6	5.4	100	92.30
Pb	208	238.3	0.9998	0.999	0.5～5.0	5.0～50.0	0.005	0.1	8.2	0.3	9.7	4.8	100	91.80
Hg	253	253.7	0.9998	0.9995	0.1～1.0	0.2～1.6	0.001	0.002	0.2	2.3	2.6	5.3	104	107.00
As	75	193.7	0.9986	0.9998	0.5～5.0	10～50	0.002	0.01	2.8	4.6	4.9	1.2	98	95.20
Cr	52	357.9	0.9991	0.9991	0.5～5.0	200～2000	0.01	5	9.3	0.4	1.5	4.5	101	94.80

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表 5 红托竹荪不同部位重金属元素含量

Table 5. Contents of heavy metals in parts of D. rubrovalvata　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　（单位：mg·kg⁻¹）

编号 Number	Cd	Pb	Hg	As	Cr
S₁	8.6800	0.6890	0.0035	1.6800	1.2200
S₂	3.5300	2.4000	0.0046	1.7500	2.0800
S₃	3.1400	1.0400	0.0035	0.9000	1.3900
平均值 Average value	5.1167	1.3763	0.0039	1.4433	1.5633
标准差 Standard deviation	3.0921	0.9037	0.0006	0.4718	0.4554
CV/ %	60.43	65.66	15.38	32.69	29.13

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表 6 红托竹荪不同部位重金属污染评价

Table 6. Evaluation of heavy metal pollution in parts of D. rubrovalvata

编号 Number	单因子污染指数P_i Single factor pollution index P_i				内梅罗综合污染指数P_N Nemero composite pollution index P_N	污染等级 Pollution degree	污染水平 Pollution level
编号 Number	Cd	Pb	Hg	As	内梅罗综合污染指数P_N Nemero composite pollution index P_N	污染等级 Pollution degree	污染水平 Pollution level
S₁	43.400	0.689	0.035	3.360	31.816	重度污染 Heavy pollution	受污染已相当严重 Heavy polluted
S₂	17.650	2.400	0.046	3.500	13.099	重度污染 Heavy pollution	受污染已相当严重 Heavy polluted
S₃	15.700	1.040	0.035	1.800	11.576	重度污染 Heavy pollution	受污染已相当严重 Heavy polluted

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表 7 竹荪不同部位重金属元素富集系数（C_Si）

Table 7. Enrichment coefficients on heavy metals in parts of D. rubrovalvata

编号 Number	Cd	Pb	Hg	As	Cr
S₁	5.711	0.026	0.018	0.226	0.009
S₂	2.322	0.090	0.023	0.236	0.016
S₃	2.066	0.039	0.018	0.121	0.010
注：富集能力判别：C_Si＜0.5，贫化；0.5＜C_Si＜1.5，同一水平；1.5＜C_Si＜3.0，相对富集；C_Si＞3.0，强烈富集。 Notes: Degrees of pollutant accumulation: C_Si＜0.5, depletion; 0.5＜C_Si＜1.5, no significant changes; 1.5＜C_Si＜3.0, relative enrichment; C_Si＞3.0, intense enrichment.

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表 8 竹荪不同部位重金属元素之间的相关性

Table 8. Correlation among heavy metals in parts of D. rubrovalvata

元素 Number	Cd	Pb	Hg	As	Cr
Cd	1
Pb	−0.610	1
Hg	−0.444	0.981	1
As	0.490	0.392	0.563	1
Cr	−0.604	1.000**	0.982	0.399	1
注：在0.01水平（双侧）上显著相关。 Notes: significant correlation at 0.01 level (bilateral).

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