Effects of Density of Mechanically Transplanted Pot Seedlings on Growth and Yield of Hybrid Indica Rice with Different Panicle Types
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摘要:
目的 探明钵苗机插密度对不同穗型杂交籼稻光合物质生产特性和产量形成的影响,为推广水稻钵苗机插高产栽培技术提供科学依据。 方法 以大穗型品种超优1000和穗粒兼顾型品种徽两优630为材料,设置4个钵苗机插密度处理(D1:33 cm×12 cm,D2:33 cm×14 cm,D3:33 cm×16 cm,D4:33 cm×18 cm),分析不同机插密度对水稻群体茎蘖消长动态、光合物质生产和产量形成的影响。 结果 (1)杂交籼稻主要生育期群体茎蘖数随栽插密度的降低而减少;与低密度处理相比,大穗型品种高密度处理的成穗率更高,穗粒兼顾型品种成穗率受机插密度影响较小。(2)各生育期叶面积指数随栽插密度的降低而下降,但叶面积衰减率降低、粒叶比增加。(3)随着机插密度的降低,水稻产量呈先增加后降低的趋势。(4)大穗型和穗粒兼顾型品种分别以D3处理和D2处理抽穗期群体质量较优,粒叶比大,叶面积衰减率低,抽穗后干物质积累量高,从而获得高产。(5)机插密度主要通过调控单位面积上的有效穗数和穗粒数影响产量。(6)水稻有效穗数随栽插密度的降低显著减少,而每穗粒数和着粒密度增加,结实率有所降低,千粒重受影响较小。 结论 钵苗机插配套栽培大穗型杂交籼稻品种宜适当降低栽插密度,在足穗基础上增加每穗粒数更有利于高产;穗粒兼顾型品种需协调单位面积穗数和穗粒数,以充分发挥其增产潜力。 Abstract:Objective Effects of planting density applied by the mechanical transplantation of pot seedlings on grain formation and yield of hybrid indica rice with different panicle types were studied. Method A field experiment was carried out with 4 planting densities (i.e., D1 at 33 cm×12 cm, D2 at 33 cm×14 cm, D3 at 33 cm×16 cm, and D4 at 33 cm×18 cm) by mechanical seedling transplantation. Seedlings of two indica rice cultivars with different panicle types, i.e., the large panicle type Chaoyou 1000 and the medium panicle type Huiliangyou 630, were planted. Tiller growth and photosynthetic matter generation as well as the grain yield and yield traits of the rice plants were monitored for analysis. Result (1) The number of stems and tillers at critical growth periods of the rice plants declined as the seedling density decreased. The productive tillers decreased significantly for the large panicle type cultivars but relative stable for the medium panicle type. (2) The leaf area index at key growth stages and the rate of change declined with decreasing planting density resulting in an increased spikelet per unit leaf area. (3) Reduced seedling density raised the grain yield initially followed by a decline. (4) Under D2 or D3, both cultivars showed better overall quality and grain yield with larger spikelets per unit leaf area, lower decreasing rate of leaf area, and the highest dry matter accumulation at late growth stage than the other treatments. (5) Varied planting density affected grain yield basically due to the altered number of effective panicles and spikelets per panicle of the rice plants. And (6) Lower seedling density significantly reduced the number of panicles but increased the spikelets per panicle. However, no significant differences on the 1000-grain weight were observed among the treatments. Conclusion In applying mechanical means for pot seedlings transplantation, it would be advisable to properly reduce the density of the hybrid large panicles indica rice seedlings to increase the spikelets per panicle by allowing formation of ample panicles to maximize the grain yield. For the medium panicle type rice, on the other hand, combination of increasing panicles and spikelets per panicle by altering the planting density seemed necessary to achieve the full yield potential. -
表 1 不同机插密度下不同穗型杂交籼稻产量及构成因素
Table 1. Yield and yield traits of mechanically transplanted hybrid indica rice cultivars
品种
Cultivar处理
Treatment穗数
Panicles/
(×104穗·hm−2)每穗粒数
Spikelets
per panicle群体颖花量
Spikelets/
(× 108朵·hm−2)结实率
Seed setting/
%千粒重
1000-grian
weight/g理论产量
Theoretical
Yield/
(t·hm−2)实际产量
Actual
Yield/
(t·hm−2)成穗率
Rate of productive
Tillers/%超优1000
Chaoyou1000D1 254.6±13.7 a 243.9±8.7 d 6.21±0.21 b 87.6±0.9 b 25.23±0.14 a 13.72±0.41 b 12.68±0.81 b 71.12±1.22 a D2 228.9±10.5 b 261.7±19.2 c 5.99±0.23 c 90.9±1.5 a 25.41±0.22 a 13.85±0.25 ab 12.91±0.74 b 69.27±0.78 b D3 207.9±11.1 c 315.8±16.0 b 6.57±0.32 a 86.8±0.7 b 25.42±0.21 a 14.49±0.42 a 13.61±0.52 a 69.20±1.52 b D4 181.5±14.6 d 358.9±21.3 a 6.51±0.20 a 82.6±1.4 c 25.38±0.35 a 13.64±0.54 b 12.85±0.65 b 63.55±1.91 b 徽两优630
Huiliangyou630D1 269.7±14.9 a 193.7±10.4 c 5.22±0.31 a 92.5±0.8 a 27.39±0.27 a 13.23±0.38 a 12.36±0.73 ab 63.33±1.10 a D2 242.0±9.2 b 218.0±9.6 b 5.27±0.43 a 90.6±0.5 b 27.51±0.15 a 13.15±0.74 a 12.89±0.41 a 61.54±1.51 b D3 228.8±10.8 c 229.7±8.9 a 5.25±0.36 a 90.2±1.2 b 27.52±0.32 a 13.05±0.68 ab 12.18±0.69 ab 59.62±2.03 b D4 203.3±14.3 d 233.5±14.3 a 4.75±0.27 b 89.3±1.3 b 27.43±0.27 a 11.62±0.85 b 11.40±1.02 b 63.02±0.65 a 注:表中同列数字后不同字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05),下同。
Note: Data with different letters on same column indicate significant differences between treatments at P<0.05. Same for below.表 2 不同钵苗机插密度下杂交籼稻的主要生育期
Table 2. Hybrid indica rice plant growth by mechanically transplantation with varied planting densities
品种
Cultivar处理
Treatment播种期
Sowing date/
月-日移栽期
Transplanting/
月-日抽穗期
Heading/
月-日成熟期
Maturity/
月-日生育期
Growth duration/d移栽-抽穗
Transplanting-heading/d超优1000
Chaoyou1000D1 05-20 06-18 09-05 10-10 143 79 D2 05-20 06-18 09-07 10-13 146 81 D3 05-20 06-18 09-10 10-15 148 84 D4 05-20 06-18 09-10 10-15 148 84 徽两优630
Huiliangyou630D1 05-20 06-18 09-02 10-05 138 76 D2 05-20 06-18 09-05 10-07 140 79 D3 05-20 06-18 09-07 10-10 143 81 D4 05-20 06-18 09-07 10-10 143 81 表 3 不同机插密度下不同穗型杂交籼稻叶面积指数及衰减率
Table 3. Leaf area index and decline rate of mechanically transplanted pot seedlings of hybrid indica rice cultivars at heading stage
品种
Cultivar处理
Treatment叶面积指数 (LAI)
Leaf area index叶面积衰减率
Declining rate of
leaf area/
(LAI·d−1)粒叶比
Spikelet per cm2
leaf area/
(粒·cm−2)拔节期
Jointing抽穗期
Heading成熟期
Maturity超优1000
Chaoyou 1000D1 3.94±0.12 a 7.77±0.40 a 3.06±0.25 ab 0.135±0.023 a 0.80±0.02 b D2 3.60±0.20 ab 7.40±0.35 ab 2.97±0.11 b 0.123±0.012 b 0.81±0.01 b D3 3.84±0.15 ab 7.58±0.52 ab 3.33±0.14 a 0.121±0.011 b 0.87±0.02 a D4 3.75±0.32 b 7.23±0.28 b 3.05±0.16 ab 0.119±0.009 b 0.90±0.03 a 徽两优630
Huiliangyou 630D1 4.25±0.26 a 6.49±0.31 a 2.94±0.20 a 0.108±0.012 a 0.80±0.02 b D2 4.19±0.14 a 6.35±0.17 ab 2.92±0.12 a 0.107±0.013 a 0.83±0.04 ab D3 4.08±0.21 a 6.19±0.33 b 2.77±0.15 b 0.104±0.008 a 0.85±0.03 a D4 4.07±0.32 a 5.55±0.51 c 2.74±0.23 b 0.085±0.011 b 0.86±0.02 a 表 4 不同机插密度下水稻地上部干物质积累量及其比例
Table 4. Amount and rate of aboveground dry matters accumulation at critical growth stages of rice plants mechanically transplanted with varied planting densities
品种
Cultivar处理
Treatment群体干物质积累量
Dry matter accumulation/(t·hm−2)不同生育阶段干物质积累量及比例
Dry matter accumulation and its rate at different growth stages拔节期
Jointing抽穗期
Heading成熟期
Maturity移栽-拔节期
Transplanting-Jointing/
(t·hm−2)比例
Rate/
(%)拔节-抽穗期
Jointing-Heading/
(t·hm−2)比例
Rate/
(%)抽穗-成熟期
Heading-Maturity/
(t·hm−2)比例
Rate/
(%)超优1000
Chaoyou1000D1 6.13±0.34 a 14.21±0.31 a 21.10±0.74 b 6.13±0.19 a 29.04 a 8.08±0.07 a 38.29 a 6.89±0.43 d 32.67c D2 6.09±0.42 a 13.35±0.17 c 21.51±0.65 b 6.09±0.08 a 28.33 b 7.26±0.12 b 33.76 b 8.15± 0.38 b 37.92 b D3 6.07±0.29 a 13.78±0.18 b 23.10±0.58 a 6.07±0.11 a 26.29 c 7.71±0.15 b 33.36 b 9.32±0.32 a 40.35 a D4 6.06±0.43 a 12.72±0.29 d 20.52±0.81 c 6.06±0.09 a 29.55 a 6.66±0.09 c 32.46 c 7.80±0.27 c 37.99 b 徽两优630
Huiliangyou630D1 6.05±0.37 a 11.67±0.22 a 20.69±1.02 a 6.05±0.11 a 29.24 a 5.60±0.05 a 27.17 a 9.02±0.25 b 43.58 b D2 6.03±0.13 a 11.31±0.39 a 20.74±0.86 a 6.03±0.13 a 29.10 a 5.28±0.10 ab 25.45 b 9.43±0.18 a 45.46 a D3 5.31±0.29 b 10.98±0.53 ab 19.98±0.53 a 5.31±0.08 b 26.59 c 5.67±0.07 a 28.36 a 9.00±0.24 b 45.06 a D4 5.19±0.38 b 10.14±0.66 b 18.47±0.82 b 5.19±0.14 b 28.10 b 4.95±0.04 b 26.82 b 8.33±0.31 c 45.08 a -
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