5种绿肥在柑橘地的腐解及养分释放特征

唐红琴; 何铁光; 董文斌; 韦彩会; 曾成城; 蒙炎成; 李忠义

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2021.06.015

5种绿肥在柑橘地的腐解及养分释放特征

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2021.06.015

广西壮族自治区农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所，广西　南宁　530007

基金项目: 国家现代农业产业技术体系建设项目（CARS-22）；广西重点研发计划项目（桂科AB18221122）；南宁市西乡塘区科技计划项目（2019021401）；广西农业科学院科技发展基金（桂农科2021YT037/2020YM112）；广西特色作物试验站项目（TS202117）；广西科技先锋队强农富民“六个一”专项项目（桂农科盟202013）

详细信息

作者简介:
唐红琴（1969-），女，副研究员，研究方向：绿肥生产与应用（E-mail：tanghq@gxaas.net）

通讯作者:
李忠义（1983-），男，硕士，副研究员，研究方向：植物营养与环境生态（E-mail：lizhongyi2007@163.com）

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-12-19
- 修回日期: 2021-03-09
- 刊出日期: 2021-06-28

Decomposition and Nutrient Release of Five Green Manures in Citrus Field

Agricultural Resource and Environment Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi　530007, China

摘要

摘要: 目的研究绿肥在柑橘地还田后腐解及养分释放动态特征，为绿肥在橘园的生产和应用提供技术依据。方法应用尼龙网袋法，在柑橘地采用拉巴豆、紫云英、光叶苕子、紫花苜蓿、黑麦草等5种绿肥进行翻压还田，还田深度为20 cm，并分别于还田后的第20、40、60、80、100 d对5种绿肥样品进行取样，对样品中的碳、氮、磷、钾元素含量进行分析，研究5种绿肥的碳氮比、腐解规律以及养分释放特征。结果 5种绿肥的腐解及养分释放均表现前期（0~20 d）快，中后期（20～100 d）慢的特征。腐解至20 d，5种绿肥腐解率达到35.52%～73.96%，腐解至100 d，腐解率达79.13%～90.25%。腐解至20 d，5种绿肥的C、N、P、K的释放率分别为38.10%～78.59%、66.92%～87.63%、28.60%～80.92%、80.22%～96.72%；腐解至100 d时，5种绿肥的C、N、P、K的释放率分别为80.90%～95.48%、94.63%～97.64、59.66%～96.28%、94.46%～99.64%，养分累计释放率表现为钾＞氮＞碳＞磷。5种绿肥的碳氮比随腐解的进行大致呈现上升的趋势。结论 5种绿肥还田后，紫云英的累计腐解率最高，拉巴豆的N和K累计释放率最高，黑麦草的C和P累计释放率最高。
- 绿肥 /
- 还田 /
- 腐解 /
- 养分释放
Abstract: Objective Decomposition and nutrient release of green manure after returning to soil in citrus field were studied. Method Using nylon mesh bags to contain Dolichos lablab, Astragalus sinicus, Viciavillosa Rothvar, Medicago sativa, or Lolium multiflorum and plowed into the soil at a depth of 20 cm. Soil samples were taken on the 20^th , 40^th, 60^th, 8^0th, and 100^th day after manure turning over to determine carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium contents. Carbon/nitrogen ratio, material degradation, and nutrient release were tabulated for analysis. Result The manure decomposition and nutrient release were at a high rate in 0–20 d after the deposit but slowed down from the 20^th to the 100^th day. The rate of material decay reached 35.52%–73.96% after 20 d, and 79.13%–90.25% after 100 d. For the 5 green manures, the releases of C, N, P, and K ranged 38.10%–78.59%, 66.92%–87.63%, 28.60%–80.92%, and 80.22%–96.72%, respectively, in 20 d, and 80.90%–95.48%, 94.63%–97.64, 59.66%–96.28%, and 94.46%–99.64%, respectively, in 100 d. The cumulative nutrient release was K＞N＞C＞P, and the C/N ratio increased as the decomposition progressed. Conclusion Among the 5 green manures, A. sinicus displayed the highest cumulative decay rate, D. lablab the most cumulative N and K releases, and L. multiflorum the greatest cumulative C and P releases.
- green manure /
- returning to soil /
- decomposition /
- nutrient release

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图 1 绿肥腐解过程中的降雨量

Figure 1. Precipitation during time of green manure decaying

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图 2 绿肥腐解过程中的气温

Figure 2. Air temperature during time of green manure decaying

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图 3 不同绿肥碳氮比

注：DL-拉巴豆、AS-紫云英、VR-光叶苕子、MS-紫花苜蓿、LM-黑麦草。

Figure 3. C/N ratios of 5 green manures

Note: DL-D. lablab; AS-A. sinicus; VR-V. rothvar; MS-M. sativa; LM-L. multiflorum.

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表 1 供试绿肥的含水率及碳、氮、磷、钾养分含量

Table 1. Contents of water, C, N, P, and K in 5 green manures

绿肥品种 Green manure varieties	含水率 Moisture content/%	全碳 Carbon/%	全氮 Nitrogen/%	全磷 Phosphorus/%	全钾 Potassium/%	碳氮比 Ratio of carbon and nitrogen
拉巴豆 Dolichos lablab	76.5	46.25	2.81	0.64	3.15	16.46
紫云英 Astragalus sinicus	84.52	45.27	2.82	0.36	2.74	16.05
光叶苕子 Viciavillosa Rothvar	85.00	39.85	2.44	0.29	3.08	16.33
紫花苜蓿 Medicago sativa	75.79	44.37	2.43	0.22	2.08	18.26
黑麦草 Lolium multiflorum	83.64	42.87	2.12	0.72	3.87	20.22

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表 2 不同绿肥腐解量、腐解速率及腐解率

Table 2. Quantity, speed, and rate of manure decomposition

绿肥品种　　　Green manure varieties		拉巴豆 Dolichos lablab	紫云英 Astragalus sinicus	光叶苕子 Viciavillosa Rothvar	紫花苜蓿 Medicago sativa	黑麦草 Lolium multiflorum
累计腐解量 Accumulative decomposition amount/g	第20 d The 20^th day	34.76±0.10 a	21.09±0.24 c	10.66±0.16 e	23.29±0.22 b	16.64±1.11 d
	第40 d The 40^th day	35.92±0.65 a	21.84±0.63 c	16.17±2.54 d	29.45±3.65 b	20.37±1.56 c
	第60 d The 60^th day	37.75±0.58 a	23.93±0.04 c	18.57±0.90 d	32.00±3.95 b	23.98±0.25 c
	第80 d The 80^th day	39.40±0.96 a	25.28±0.05 c	20.05±0.43 d	33.85±3.32 b	25.40±0.75 c
	第100 d The 100^th day	42.10±0.20 a	27.94±0.25 d	23.74±0.75 e	40.98±0.22 b	30.33±0.47 c
腐解速率 Decomposing speed/（g·d ⁻¹）	第20 d The 20^th day	1.74±0.01 a	1.05±0.02 b	0.53±0.01 d	1.16±0.02 b	0.83±0.09 c
	第40 d The 40^th day	0.06±0.02 bc	0.04±0.01 c	0.28±0.06 a	0.31±0.12 a	0.19±0.06 abc
	第60 d The 60^th day	0.09±0.01 a	0.10±0.02 a	0.12±0.05 a	0.13±0.01 a	0.18±0.04 a
	第80 d The 80^th day	0.08±0.01 a	0.07±0.00 a	0.07±0.02 a	0.09±0.02 a	0.07±0.02 a
	第100 d The 100^th day	0.13±0.02 b	0.13±0.06 b	0.18±0.02 b	0.36±0.09 a	0.25±0.01 ab
腐解率 Decomposing rate/%	第20 d The 20^th day	73.96±0.35 a	68.11±1.23 a	35.52±0.82 c	48.11±0.71 b	50.86±5.34 b
	第40 d The 40^th day	76.43±0.80 a	70.55±1.12 ab	53.90±4.88 c	60.82±4.35 bc	62.25±2.76 bc
	第60 d The 60^th day	80.33±0.71 a	77.28±0.08 a	61.90±1.73 b	66.09±4.59 b	73.28±2.02 a
	第80 d The 80^th day	83.84±1.18 a	81.66±0.09 a	66.82±0.83 b	66.92±3.97 b	77.63±1.31 a
	第100 d The 100^th day	89.57±0.24 a	90.25±0.46 a	79.13±1.45 c	84.64±0.26 b	87.03±2.12 ab
注：不同小写字母之间表示同一取样批次不同绿肥的试验结果之间有显著差异（P＜0.05），下表同。 Note: Data with different lowercase letters indicate significant differences in same sampling batch (P＜0.05). Same for following tables.

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表 3 不同绿肥碳释放特征

Table 3. C releases of 5 green manures

绿肥品种 Green manure varieties	碳释放率 Release rates of C/%
绿肥品种 Green manure varieties	第20 d The 20^th day	第40 d The 40^th day	第60 d The 60^th day	第80 d The 80^th day	第100 d The 100^th day
拉巴豆 Dolichos lablab	78.59±0.17 a	83.21±0.63 a	85.28±0.66 a	89.80±0.85 a	94.06±0.17 ab
紫云英 Astragalus sinicus	72.99±1.70 a	76.59±1.08 a	81.11±0.17 ab	90.28±0.02 a	92.58±0.31 b
光叶苕子 Viciavillosa Rothvar	38.10±1.55 c	56.55±4.97 c	63.80±2.10 d	68.11±0.72 c	80.89±1.55 d
紫花苜蓿 Medicago sativa	53.93±1.26 b	67.04±3.54 b	71.27±3.60 c	75.46±2.98 b	86.69±0.34 c
黑麦草 Lolium multiflorum	56.82±4.18 b	66.83±1.95 b	77.85±0.29 c	87.92±0.62 a	95.48±0.53 a

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表 4 不同绿肥氮释放率特征

Table 4. N releases of 5 green manures

绿肥品种 Green manure varieties	氮释放率 Release rates of N/%
绿肥品种 Green manure varieties	第20 d The 20^th day	第40 d The 40^th day	第60 d The 60^th day	第80 d The 80^th day	第100 d The 100^th day
拉巴豆 Dolichos lablab	87.63±0.42 a	89.79±0.35 a	92.89±0.43 a	95.12±0.24 a	97.64±0.12 a
紫云英 Astragalus sinicus	79.94±0.71 b	83.54±0.50 b	89.04±0.13 ab	92.50±0.11 ab	96.48±0.28 ab
光叶苕子 Viciavillosa Rothvar	69.04±1.80 c	80.01±1.31 bc	85.89±0.31 bc	90.60±0.21 bc	94.63±0.52 c
紫花苜蓿 Medicago sativa	66.92±1.79 c	78.40±2.30 c	83.92±2.92 c	88.55±1.96 c	95.35±0.20 c
黑麦草 Lolium multiflorum	66.98±2.28 c	78.15±1.69 c	85.80±0.26 bc	88.96±0.51 c	96.85±0.32 ab

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表 5 不同绿肥磷释放率

Table 5. P releases of 5 green manures

绿肥品种 Green manure varieties	磷腐解率 Release rates of P/%
绿肥品种 Green manure varieties	第20 d The 20^th day	第40 d The 40^th day	第60 d The 60^th day	第80 d The 80^th day	第100 d The 100^th day
拉巴豆 Dolichos lablab	80.92±0.42 a	85.44±0.60 a	88.77±0.54 a	92.15±0.75 a	95.70±0.40 a
紫云英 Astragalus sinicus	49.90±6.26 b	49.80±4.55 b	52.71±2.54 b	68.89±1.07 c	83.50±1.77 b
光叶苕子 Viciavillosa Rothvar	41.39±4.35 b	45.71±1.63 b	46.07±3.51 bc	55.82±0.50 d	66.85±1.36 c
紫花苜蓿 Medicago sativa	28.60±2.04 c	33.43±2.22 c	40.14±2.29 c	49.40±2.58 e	59.66±0.67 d
黑麦草 Lolium multiflorum	78.85±2.73 a	79.04±2.18 a	83.72±1.15 a	86.17±1.00 b	96.28±0.38 a

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表 6 不同绿肥钾释放率特征

Table 6. K releases of 5 green manures

绿肥品种 Green manure varieties	钾腐解率 Release rates of K/%
绿肥品种 Green manure varieties	第20 d The 20^th day	第40 d The 40^th day	第60 d The 60^th day	第80 d The 80^th day	第100 d The 100^th day
拉巴豆 Dolichos lablab	93.04±0.28 b	98.09±0.13 a	98.31±0.12 a	99.36±0.06 a	99.64±0.01 a
紫云英 Astragalus sinicus	96.72±0.12 a	98.67±0.09 a	98.62±0.13 a	97.99±0.39 ab	98.02±0.14 b
光叶苕子 Viciavillosa Rothvar	92.24±0.14 b	95.76±0.36 b	97.06±0.04 b	98.79±0.70 ab	99.47±0.04 b
紫花苜蓿 Medicago sativa	87.09±0.46 c	88.27±0.84 c	90.10±0.45 d	93.97±0.88 c	94.46±0.13 c
黑麦草 Lolium multiflorum	80.22±2.39 d	94.40±0.50 b	93.46±0.28 c	97.38±0.20 b	97.73±0.24 b

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