<sup>60</sup>Co辐射选育的姬松茸新菌株J37农艺性状与降低重金属含量效应

陈华; 叶菁; 林怡; 王义祥; 刘朋虎

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2021.06.005

⁶⁰Co辐射选育的姬松茸新菌株J37农艺性状与降低重金属含量效应

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2021.06.005

陈华^{1, 2,},
叶菁^{1, 2},
林怡^{1, 2},
王义祥^{1, 2},
刘朋虎^{2, 3, ,}

1.
福建省农业科学院农业生态研究所，福建　福州　350003
2.
福建省红壤山地农业生态过程重点实验室，福建　福州　350003
3.
福建农林大学国家菌草工程技术研究中心，福建　福州　350002

基金项目: 中央引导地方科技发展专项（2020L3030）；福建省科技计划农业引导性项目（2020N0007）；福建省红壤山地农业生态过程重点实验室开放课题（Aephrs-202001）

详细信息

作者简介:
陈华（1976−），男，硕士，副研究员，研究方向：生态农业与碳氮循环（E-mail：fjch1976@163.com）

通讯作者:
刘朋虎（1982−），男，博士，副研究员，研究方向：食用菌栽培与农菌循环利用技术（E-mail：phliu1982@163.com）

中图分类号: S 646
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-02-23
- 修回日期: 2021-04-30
- 网络出版日期: 2021-06-06
- 刊出日期: 2021-06-28

Agronomic and Heavy Metal Reducing Properties of ⁶⁰Co-induced Agaricus blazei Mutant

CHEN Hua^{1, 2
,},
YE Jing^{1, 2},
LIN Yi^{1, 2},
WANG Yixiang^{1, 2},
LIU Penghu^{2, 3
, ,}

1.
Institute of Agricultural Ecology, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian　350003, China
2.
Fujian Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Red Soil Hilly Region, Fuzhou, Fujian　350003, China
3.
China National Engineering Research Center of Juncao Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian　350002, China

摘要

摘要: 目的姬松茸（Agaricus blazei Murrill）作为食药兼用型真菌，生产中常表现出易累积镉等重金属的特性，造成镉等重金属超标，选育低镉优质的姬松茸新品种是业界十分关注的科研目标。方法以姬松茸J1为出发菌株，采用⁶⁰Co-辐射诱变技术成功选育姬松茸新菌株（J37）；系统比较J1和J37第1～4潮次的子实体主要农艺性状、产量、氨基酸含量，以及镉、铅、砷、汞等重金属含量，同时观测不同生长代数对J1和J37姬松茸子实体产量的影响。结果（1）J37新菌株子实体各潮次的朵质量、盖质量、盖厚度、盖直径、盖高度、柄质量、柄直径等农艺性状均显著或极显著高于对照（J1），柄长度极显著低于J1，必需氨基酸含量极显著高于J1；（2）与J1相比，J37的1～6代（M1～6）产量均高于J1，J37 的M₁、M₂、M_3、M₄、M ₅和M₆代的子实体产量增长幅度分别比J1提高了30.11%、33.58%、39.46%、39.45%、34.14%和33.53%，差异达极显著水平；（3）与J1相比，J37子实体的镉、铅、汞、砷含量，分别下降了48.09%、58.57%、26.03%、75.26%，差异达极显著水平。结论姬松茸新菌株J37显示了良好的丰产性、优质性与安全性。
- 姬松茸 /
- ⁶⁰Co /
- 辐射诱变 /
- 新菌株 /
- 农艺性状 /
- 重金属 /
- 效应
Abstract: Objective As an edible and medicinal fungus, Agaricus blazei Murrill is prone to accumulate heavy metals such as cadmium in production, resulting in excessive cadmium and other heavy metals. Breeding new varieties of Agaricus blazei Murrill with low cadmium and high quality is a scientific research target of great concern in the industry. Methods The J1 cultivar of A. blazei was exposed to ⁶⁰Co radiation to obtain J37. The main agronomic traits, yield, and contents of amino acids, cadmium, lead, arsenic, and mercury in fruitarian bodies of J1 and J37 in the 1st to 4th tides were systematically compared. The effects of different growth algebras on fruitbody yield of Agaricus blazei Murrill J1 and J37 were also observed. Result (1) The flower weight, cover weight, cover thickness, cover diameter, cover height, stem weight, stem diameter and other agronomic traits of new strain J37 were significantly or extremely significantly higher than those of control (J1), while stem length was significantly lower than that of J1, and essential amino acid content was extremely significantly higher than that of J1; (2) Compared with J1, the yield of J37 in 1-6 generation (M1-6) was higher than that of J1, and the growth rate of fruite body yield in M1, M2, M3, M4, M5 and M6 generations of J37 was 30.11%, 33.58%, 39.46%, 39.45%, 34.14% and 33.53%, respectively, higher than that of J1. The difference reached extremely significant level; (3) Compared with J1, the contents of CD, Pb, Hg and AS in J37 fruite body decreased by 48.09%, 58.57%, 26.03% and 75.26%, respectively, and the differences were extremely significant. f A. blazei. The irradiation treatment appeared to have a potential for mushroom breeding. Conclusion The new agaricus blazei strain J37 showed good yield, high quality and safety.
- Agaricus blazei /
- ⁶⁰Co /
- radiation mutation /
- new strain /
- agronomic traits /
- heavy metals /
- effect

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表 1 不同生长潮次姬松茸J37菌株的农艺性状

Table 1. Agronomic traits of J37 harvested in tides

潮次 Tides	品种 Cultivers	朵质量 Total weight/g	盖质量 Cap weight/g	盖直径 Cap diameter/cm	盖厚度 Cap thickness/cm	盖高度 Cap height/cm	柄质量 Handle weight/g	柄直径 Handle diameter/cm	柄长度 Handle lenght/cm
1	J1	18.00±1.00	10.70±0.35	3.50±0.20	0.75±0.10	2.40±0.05	8.40±0.05	1.65±0.10	8.20±0.10
1	J37	26.42±0.42 ^**	17.30±0.30 ^**	4.30±0.30 ^**	0.90±0.05 ^*	3.20±0.10 ^**	9.20±0.10 ^**	2.20±0.10 ^**	5.65±0.10 ^**
2	J1	16.65±0.65	7.60±0.20	2.80±0.20	0.58±0.10	2.31±0.29	7.31±0.29	1.55±0.10	9.86±0.05
2	J37	23.71±0.21 ^**	13.00±0.20 ^**	3.93±0.15 ^**	0.85±0.05 ^**	2.80±0.10 ^**	8.80±0.10 ^**	1.86±0.51 ^**	6.45±0.20 ^**
3	J1	11.38±0.08	8.20±0.20	3.20±0.20	0.60±0.05	2.40±0.10	7.40±0.10	1.45±0.10	8.70±0.10
3	J37	16.17±0.17 ^*	14.25±0.25 ^**	4.30±0.10 ^**	0.75±0.05 ^*	3.20±0.20 ^**	8.20±0.20 ^**	1.70±0.10 ^**	6.58±0.25 ^**
4	J1	9.22±0.22	6.30±0.30	3.40±0.17	0.53±0.03	2.20±0.09	8.20±0.09	1.30±0.10	8.10±0.10
4	J37	12.62±0.50 ^**	11.00±0.20 ^**	3.80±0.10 ^*	0.70±0.10 ^**	2.55±0.05 ^**	8.55±0.05 ^**	1.55±0.05 ^**	5.30±0.10 ^**
注：、分别表示同潮次不同菌株之间存在显著（P<0.05）或极显著差异（P<0.01）；表3同。 Note: significant difference in same tide (P<0.05); * * extremely significant difference in same tide ( P <0.01). Same for Table 3.

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表 2 不同生长代数对J37子实体产量的影响

Table 2. Fruiting body yield of J37 of different generations

品种 Cultivers	子实体产量 Fruiting body yield/(g·m⁻²)
品种 Cultivers	第一代 First generation	第二代 Second generation	第三代 Third generation	第四代 Fourth generation	第五代 Fifth generation	第六代 Sixth generation
J1	1800±100	1751.7±18.9	1868±32.9	1748.7±51.2	1744±22	1763±3
J37	2324±42^**	2271±21^**	2317.3±16.5^**	2228.7±28.9^**	2320±10^**	2280±10^**
注：同列数据*表示差异极显著（P<0.01)。 Note: * indicates significant difference in the same column (P<0.01).

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表 3 不同生长潮次J37子实体的必需氨基酸与重金属含量

Table 3. Essential amino acids and heavy metals in J37 harvested in tides

潮次 Tides	品种 Cultivars	必需氨基酸 Essential amino acids /（g·hg⁻¹）	镉 Cd/（mg·kg⁻¹）	铅 Pb/（mg·kg⁻¹）	汞 Hg/（mg·kg⁻¹）	砷 As/（mg·kg⁻¹）
1	J1	22.20±0.10	9.20±0.10 ^**	1.08±0.02 ^**	0.38±0.01^**	0.1380±0.0010 ^**
1	J37	24.65±0.10 ^**	5.65±0.10	0.42±0.01	0.33±0.02	0.0152±0.002
2	J1	21.50±0.07	8.50±0.07 ^**	0.90±0.05 ^**	0.65±0.05 ^**	0.1417±0.0028 ^**
2	J37	24.45±0.20 ^**	4.45±0.20	0.41±0.17	0.41±0.17	0.036±0.0020
3	J1	20.80±0.10	7.80±0.10 ^**	0.85±0.05 ^**	0.55±0.03 ^**	0.1650±0.0025 ^**
3	J37	23.58±0.25 ^**	3.58±0.25	0.37±0.01	0.37±0.10	0.0540±0.0021
4	J1	20.10±0.10	7.10±0.10 ^**	0.83±0.03 ^**	0.73±0.03 ^**	0.1650±0.0050 ^**
4	J37	23.30±0.10 ^**	3.30±0.10	0.34±0.01	0.54±0.01	0.0540s±0.0010

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