间作不同绿肥植物组合对茶园土壤改良的效果

赵茜; 施龙清; 何海芳; 李天璞; 李亚勍; 张力文; 杨广

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2021.05.015

间作不同绿肥植物组合对茶园土壤改良的效果

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2021.05.015

赵茜^{1, 2, 3, 4,},
施龙清^{1, 5},
何海芳^{1, 2, 3, 4},
李天璞^{1, 2, 3, 4},
李亚勍^{1, 2, 3, 4},
张力文^{1, 2, 3, 4},
杨广^{1, 2, 3, 4, ,}

1.
闽台作物有害生物生态防控国家重点实验室/福建农林大学应用生态研究所，福建　福州　350002
2.
教育部害虫生态防控国际合作联合实验室，福建农林大学，福建　福州　350002
3.
农业部闽台作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室，福建农林大学，福建　福州　350002
4.
害虫绿色防控福建省高等学校重点实验室，福建农林大学，福建　福州　350002
5.
福建省农业科学院水稻研究所，福建　福州　350019

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目（2016YFE0102100）；福建农林大学茶产业链科技创新与服务体系建设项目（K1520007A03）；闽台作物有害生物生态防控国家重点实验室开放课题基金（SKL2018005）

详细信息

作者简介:
赵茜（1986−），女，博士，助理研究员，研究方向：生态农业（E-mail：zhaoqian977228@126.com）

通讯作者:
杨广（1973−），男，教授，研究方向：生态农业（E-mail：yxg@fafu.edu.cn）

中图分类号: S 154
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-11-23
- 修回日期: 2021-03-25
- 网络出版日期: 2021-05-17
- 刊出日期: 2021-05-31

Improvement of Plantation Soil by Intercropping Tea Plants with Green Manures

ZHAO Qian^{1, 2, 3, 4
,},
SHI Longqing^{1, 5},
HE Haifang^{1, 2, 3, 4},
LI Tianpu^{1, 2, 3, 4},
LI Yaqing^{1, 2, 3, 4},
ZHANG Liwen^{1, 2, 3, 4},
YANG Guang^{1, 2, 3, 4
, ,}

1.
State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops/Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian　350002, China
2.
Joint International Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, Fujian　350002, China
3.
Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian-Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Fuzhou, Fujian　350002, China
4.
Key Laboratory of Green Pest Control (Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, Fujian　350002, China
5.
Rice Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian　350019, China

摘要

摘要: 目的探讨不同绿肥植物间作对茶园土壤pH、重金属离子含量、细菌多样性及群落结构的影响，为茶园土壤改良提供科学依据。方法应用pH计检测绿肥植物间作模式对茶园土壤pH的影响，利用原子荧光法分析不同绿肥植物间作对茶园土壤重金属的改良情况，应用高通量测序技术，分析不同绿肥间作模式对茶园土壤微生物多样性、土壤细菌群落组成与结构的影响。结果间作植物并非越多越好，宿根羽扇豆-油菜-圆叶决明组合（LBC）间作后，土壤pH不升反降；而油菜-圆叶决明组合（BC）、宿根羽扇豆-油菜间作组合（LB）对土壤pH改良效果显著；盆栽试验表明多种绿肥植物套作间作的效果并没有随着植物数目的增多而效果更好，仅有LB组合可显著降低重金属Cd和Hg的含量；此外，与对照组相比，变形菌比例明显升高，成为丰度最高的菌门；放线菌比例明显下降，在L、LB和LBC处理组中，放线菌比例低于20%。此外，绿肥间作可显著提高土壤中蓝藻菌的含量，不同的绿肥间作处理组中的蓝藻菌含量高于1%，而对照组仅为0.1%～0.3%。结论宿根羽扇豆-油菜间作组合（LB）可提升土壤PH、降低茶园土壤重金属Cd和Hg的含量，且改变土壤细菌结构并提高了土壤中有益微生物菌群的相对丰度，对茶园土壤的生态环境改良具有积极作用。
- 绿肥植物 /
- 间作 /
- 茶园 /
- 土壤pH /
- 土壤重金属元素 /
- 土壤微生物群落
Abstract: Objective Effects of intercropping green manures with tea plants on the chemistry and bacterial community of plantation soil were analyzed for ecological improvements. Methods Changes on the soil pH, heavy metals, and bacterial diversity and community were monitored after various intercropping treatments. Results The Lupinus perennis (L)-Brassica campestris (B)-Chamaecrista rotundifolia (C) intercropping with tea plants did not improve but, in fact, lowered the soil pH. However, significant acidity mitigation was achieved by BC- or LB-intercropping with tea plants in the pot experiments. LB-intercropping also significantly reduced the content of heavy metals including Cd and Hg. The bacterial diversity and community structure of the intercropped soil were significantly changed with Proteobacteria becoming the most abundant phylum and Actinobacteria decreasing to less than 20% of the total population in the treatments with L, LB, or LBC. The intercropping also significantly increased Cyanobacteria population to more than 1%, in comparison to 0.1%-0.3% on control. Conclusion Intercropping L. perennis and B. campestris with tea bushes was conceivably to enable improvements on pH, Cd/Hg contents, and microbial community of the soil at plantations.
- Green manure /
- intercropping /
- tea plantations /
- soil pH /
- soil heavy metals /
- microbial community

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图 1 室内不同绿肥植物处理土壤重金属的变化

注：1. CK：对照组；L：宿根羽扇豆；B：油菜；C：圆叶决明；LB：宿根羽扇豆-油菜组合。2. 不同小写字母表表示差异显著（P＜0.05）.

Figure 1. Effects of intercropping green manures with tea plants on pH and heavy metal contents in pot soil

Note: CK: control; L: L. perennis; B: B. campestris; C: C. rotundifolia; LB: intercropping L. perennis and B. campestris. Different lower letters represent significant differences (P＜0.05).

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图 2 室内不同绿肥植物处理土壤微生物群落种类分布

注：CK：对照组；L：宿根羽扇豆；B：油菜；C：圆叶决明；LB：宿根羽扇豆-油菜组合；LC：宿根羽扇豆-圆叶决明组合；BC：油菜-圆叶决明组合；LBC：宿根羽扇豆-油菜-圆叶决明组合。图3同。

Figure 2. Bacterial community structure in soils of green manures intercropping with tea plants

Note: CK: control; L: L. perennis; B: B. campestris; C: C. rotundifolia; LB: intercropping with L and B; LC: intercropping with L and C; BC: intercropping with B and C; LBC: intercropping with L, B and C.The same as Fig.3.

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图 3 室内不同绿肥植物处理土壤微生物群落种类及主成分分析（PCA）

Figure 3. PCA analysis on bacterial community in soils of green manures intercropping with tea plants

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表 1 绿肥植物对土壤pH值及重金属含量的影响

Table 1. Effects of intercropping green manures with tea plants on pH and heavy metal contents in pot soil

指标 Index	L	B	C	LB	LC	BC	LBC	CK1	CK2
pH	6.20±0.26 ab	6.10±0.15 b	5.90±0.10 bc	6.50±0.09 a	6.20±0.15 ab	6.70±0.20 a	5.30±0.51 c	5.90±0.10 bc	6.00±0.12 b
Cd/（mg·kg⁻¹）	0.20±0.01 c	0.20±0.01 c	0.20±0.02 c	0.30±0.02 b	0.20±0.01 c	0.20±0.01 c	0.20±0.01 c	0.30±0.02 b	0.40±0.01 a
Cr/（mg·kg⁻¹）	52.90±1.33 a	56.60±2.15 a	53.90±0.64 a	57.00±5.96 a	47.00±0.64 b	51.40±2.87 a	55.90±1.37 a	43.70±1.30 b	45.70±2.40 b
Pb/（mg·kg⁻¹）	35.90±0.67 ab	30.50±0.11 b	29.50±2.36 b	43.40±7.86 a	40.60±1.81 a	40.30±0.44 a	27.30±2.04 b	32.60±3.58 b	28.10±3.92 b
Cu/（mg·kg⁻¹）	207.70±8.65 b	244.80±7.00 a	219.50±6.25 b	60.40±11.04 d	173.00±4.33 c	181.80±0.67 c	220.70±7.82 b	75.80±5.76 d	62.70±6.36 d
Ni/（mg·kg⁻¹）	32.30±1.20 a	36.60±1.63 a	34.30±1.27 a	40.70±7.25 a	24.90±0.30 b	29.30±0.07 b	34.20±1.14 a	30.60±3.3 ab	26.50±3.7 b
Zn/（mg·kg⁻¹）	216.20±13.47 ab	234.50±8.46 a	217.30±6.67 ab	173.50±15.75 b	177.00±6.25 b	205.50±6.53 ab	227.00±6.76 a	236.60±21.59 a	194.70±21.99 b
Hg/（mg·kg⁻¹）	0.12±0.004 a	0.07±0.01 bc	0.05±0.005 c	0.04±0.004 c	0.09±0.01 a	0.10±0.01 a	0.08±0.01 ab	0.03±0.002 d	0.06±0.004 b
As/（mg·kg⁻¹）	6.00±0.18 b	6.30±0.33 ab	6.90±0.51 a	4.40±0.32 c	5.60±0.38 b	5.70±0.13 b	6.20±0.14 ab	1.90±0.21 d	4.00±0.09 c
注：1.L：宿根羽扇豆；B：油菜；C：圆叶决明。2.表中同行不同小写字母表示差异显著（P＜0.05）. Note: 1.L-L. perennis; B-B. campestris; C-C. rotundifolia; 2.Different lower case letters in the same raw represent significant differences(P<0.05).

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表 2 绿肥植物对土壤微生物多样性的影响

Table 2. Effects of intercropping green manures with tea plants on bacterial diversity of pot soil

样本 Samples	OTU数目 OTU amount	Simpson	Chao1	ACE	Shannon
L	1802.7 bc	0.998 a	2161.5 b	2358.6 ab	9.9 b
B	2072.7 ab	0.998 a	2608.3 a	2902.8 a	10.2 ab
C	1883.7 b	0.997 a	2545.2 a	2646.3 a	9.9 b
LB	1667.7 c	0.998 a	1825.3 bc	1896.1 b	10.0 b
LC	1880.0 b	0.998 a	2203.5 ab	2401.2 ab	10.0 b
BC	1858.0 bc	0.998 a	2305.8 ab	2545.3 ab	10.0 b
LBC	2235.3 a	0.998 a	2781.8 a	3087.8 a	10.3 a
CK1	2022.7 ab	0.998 a	2613.5 a	2901.0 a	10.0 b
CK2	1755.0 bc	0.997 a	2109.9 b	2337.5 ab	9.8 bc
注：L：宿根羽扇豆；B：油菜；C：圆叶决明。同列不同小写字母表示差异显著（p＜0.05）. Note: L: L. perennis; B: B. campestris; C: C. rotundifolia. Different lower letters represent significant differences (P＜0.05).

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