高温闷棚技术防治茄子黄萎病研究

霍云龙; 王飞; 李艳军; 王娜; 于娅; 宫国辉

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2021.05.014

高温闷棚技术防治茄子黄萎病研究

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2021.05.014

吉林省农业科学院经济植物研究所，吉林　长春　130033

基金项目: 吉林省科技计划技术攻关项目（C02303101）

详细信息

作者简介:
霍云龙（1973−），男，硕士，助理研究员，主要从事设施蔬菜病虫害防治研究（E-mail：584866472@qq.com）

通讯作者:
宫国辉（1963−），男，研究员，主要从事蔬菜栽培及育种研究（E-mail：ggh3223025@126.com）

中图分类号: S 436
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-10-12
- 修回日期: 2021-04-02
- 网络出版日期: 2021-04-20
- 刊出日期: 2021-05-31

High-temperature Stuffy Chamber for Controlling Verticillium Wilt on Eggplants

Institute of Economic Botany, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin　130033, China

摘要

摘要: 目的通过分析日光温室不同含水量土壤导热系数变化、不同耕层温度变化以及茄子黄萎病发病率变化，以期探明高温闷棚土壤消毒技术防治茄子黄萎病的作用机理。方法采用瞬态平衡法（TPS）测定温室土壤不同含水量（0%、5%、10%、15%、20%、25%和30%）的导热系数，以2个水平含水量（5.06%和23.48%）的6个处理（A₁、B₁、A₂、B₂、CK₁、CK₂）为标的，测定各处理5、10、15、20、25、30 cm耕层温度，并统计6个处理的茄子黄萎病发病率。结果当土壤含水量在5%～25%时，其导热系数随着含水量提高而显著升高，两者近于线性关系。在供试6个处理中，相同条件下高温闷棚能有效提高相同耕层地温，随着土壤含水量的提高，相应的耕层温度均随之升高，地表覆膜也能提高耕层温度。相同土壤含水量的覆膜高温闷棚处理，茄子黄萎病发病率更低，防治效果更好。结论适当提高含水量及采取有效积累日光能的措施是决定高温闷棚土壤消毒效果的关键。
- 高温闷棚 /
- 土壤含水量 /
- 土壤导热系数 /
- 耕层温度 /
- 茄子黄萎病 /
- 发病率
Abstract: Objective By analyzing the relation between changed thermal conductivity under varied moisture content and plough layer temperature of soil in a confined chamber and the incidence rate of verticillium wilt on eggplants grown on the soil, the mechanism and disinfecting effect of utilizing a high-temperature stuffy enclosure to mitigate the disease were studied. Method The transient plane source (TPS) technique was applied to measure the thermal conductivity of the chamber soil with different moisture content（0%、5%、10%、15%、20%、25%和30%） in the laboratory. Take 6 treatments（A₁; B₁; A₂; B₂; CK₁; CK₂）with 2 levels（5.06%和23.48%）of water content as the target, and measure the soil temperature at depths of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25,and 30 cm of each treatment, and statistics the incidence of eggplant Verticillium wilt in 6 treatments. Result Between 5% and 25%, high moisture content significantly raised the thermal conductivity of the soil,the relationship between them is nearly linear. Under same conditions, the high-temperature stuffy enclosure effectively elevated the temperatures of the soil layers throughout, and with the increase of soil water content, the corresponding soil layer temperature increased, and plastic film mulching can also increase the plough layer temperature. Under the same soil moisture content, the treatment of high-temperature stuffy enclosure with plastic film mulching, the incidence rate of Verticillium Wilt of eggplant is lower and the control effect is better. Conclusion It appeared that, by increasing the moisture content in soil, solar energy could be arrested more effectively throughout the soil due to the increased thermal conductivity. And the higher the soil temperature became, the greater the disinfection effect, which would result in reduced verticillium wilt on the eggplants grown in the high-temperature stuffy chamber.
- High-temperature stuffy chamber /
- moisture content of soil /
- thermal conductivity of soil /
- temperature of soil layers /
- eggplant verticillium wilt /
- disease incidence rate

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图 1 不同土壤含水量与导热系数的关系

Figure 1. Correlation between moisture content and thermal conductivity of chamber soil

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图 2 不同处理土壤各耕层温度变化

注：A、B、C、D、E和F分别表示6个处理CK₁、CK₂、A₁、B₁、A₂和B₂不同耕层（5、10、15、20、25和30 cm）温度随时间变化的曲线。

Figure 2. Temperature changes at soil layers under treatments

Note: A、B、C、D、E and F shows the soil temperature curve of different plough layers (5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 cm) with time about six treatments CK₁、 CK₂、 A₁、B₁、A₂ and B₂.

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图 3 不同处理茄子黄萎病的发病率

注：相同小写字母表示不同处理间差异不显著（P＞0.05）。

Figure 3. Incidence rate of verticillium wilt on eggplants grown on chamber soils under treatments

Note: Data followed by same lowercase letter are not significantly different among treatments (P＞0.05).

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图 4 不同处理对茄子黄萎病的防治效果

Figure 4. Control effect of treatments on eggplant verticillium wilt

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表 1 不同处理高温闷棚各土层达到特定温度的天数

Table 1. Days for individual soil layer to reach a specific temperature in high-temperature stuffy chamber under varied treatments

处理 Treatments	深度 depth/cm	耕层温度≥40℃ Soil layer temperature≥40℃		耕层温度≥37℃ Soil layer temperature≥37℃		耕层温度≥34℃ Soil layer temperature≥34℃		耕层温度≥31℃ Soil layer temperature≥31℃
处理 Treatments	深度 depth/cm	天数 Days/d	比例 Ratio/%	天数 Days/d	比例 Ratio/%	天数 Days/d	比例 Ratio/%	天数 Days/d	比例 Ratio/%
A₁	5	12	60	15	75	17	85	20	100
	10	8	40	15	75	16	80	20	100
	15	2	10	9	45	12	60	20	100
	20	0	0	1	5	9	45	18	90
	25	0	0	0	0	2	10	15	75
	30	0	0	0	0	0	0	12	60
B₁	5	12	60	15	75	16	80	18	90
	10	6	30	10	50	10	50	19	95
	15	0	0	2	10	7	35	17	85
	20	0	0	0	0	1	5	15	75
	25	0	0	0	0	0	0	11	55
	30	0	0	0	0	0	0	8	40
A₂	5	14	70	17	85	18	90	20	100
	10	15	75	16	80	19	95	20	100
	15	11	55	15	75	19	95	20	100
	20	7	35	14	70	18	90	20	100
	25	3	15	10	50	18	90	20	100
	30	2	10	9	45	14	70	18	90
B₂	5	12	60	15	75	18	90	20	100
	10	10	50	13	65	17	85	20	100
	15	9	45	10	50	17	85	19	95
	20	2	10	6	30	12	60	17	85
	25	0	0	2	10	9	45	15	75
	30	0	0	1	5	9	45	14	70
CK₂	5	0	0	0	0	3	15	15	75
	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	8	40
	15	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
	20	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
	25	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
	30	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
CK₁	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	14	70
	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	12	60
	15	0	0	0	0	0	0	3	15
	20	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
	25	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
	30	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
注：表中数据为20 d的统计结果。 Note: The data in the table are the statistical results for 20 days.

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